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Previous issue date: 2008-02-20 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / The aim of this study was to determine the clinical-pathological alterations and laboratory
findings in bovines inoculated with Bothrops alternatus venom, with the intention of
providing information for the establishment of diagnosis and differential diagnosis
procedures, as well as to elucidate some obscurities observed in the pertinent literature. The
lyophilized venom was diluted in 1 ml of physiologic solution. It was administered to 5
bovines by the subcutaneous route at doses of 0.0625, 0.125 and 0.25 mg/kg body weight, and
to 2 other bovines by the intramuscular route at doses of 0.25 e 0.45 mg/kg. Six bovines died
and the only animal that survived, who had subcutaneously received the venom at a dose of
0.0625 mg/kg, recovered. The first clinical signs were observed from 25 minutes to 5 hours
and 30 minutes after the inoculation. The clinical evolution time varied from 7 hours and 18
minutes to 92 hours. Regardless of the dose, the clinical picture was characterized by swelling
(hemorrhage/hematoma) at the site of inoculation, increase in bleeding time and capillary
refill time, paleness of mucous membranes and apathy. The laboratory exams revealed
progressive normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, reduction in fibrinogen
and total plasma proteins, decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin, and slight increase in
creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. When subjected to necropsy, the animals that
received the venom through the subcutaneous route showed large hematomas and
hemorrhagic areas in the subcutaneous tissue, extending from the site of inoculation. The
animals in which inoculation was performed intramuscularly exhibited, in addition,
intramuscular hemorrhage. The left endocardium showed extensive hemorrhagic lesions, and
petechiae were found on the serosae of rumen, omasum, abomasum and gall bladder. The
colon, rectum and perirenal areas were surrounded by clotted blood in three animals. Besides
hemorrhage, the histological examination revealed hemorrhage and coagulative muscle
necrosis in the vicinities of the inoculation site in the animals that received the venom by the
intramuscular route. These lesions were mild in the muscles close to the site of inoculation in
the animals inoculated by the subcutaneous route. The swelling on the site of inoculation and
its surroundings was a consequence of blood accumulation and not merely edema.
Myoglobinuria and gross or microscopic lesions were not observed in the kidneys. This study
indicates that B. alternatus can lead adult bovines to death if they release all their venom
during a bite. Conversely, since venomous ophidians can control the amount of poison they
inoculate and they probably do not identify bovines as potential preys, it is likely that the
number of accidents involving this species is small, which is in agreement with the findings of
the majority of the centers for anatomical-pathological diagnosis in the country. / Esse estudo teve como objetivo determinar as altera??es cl?nico-patol?gicas e os achados
laboratoriais em bovinos inoculados com a pe?onha de Bothrops alternatus, no intuito de
fornecer subs?dios para o estabelecimento do diagn?stico e do diagn?stico diferencial, bem
como esclarecer pontos obscuros da literatura pertinente. O veneno liofilizado foi dilu?do em
1 ml de solu??o fisiol?gica e administrado a cinco bovinos, por via subcut?nea, nas doses de
0,0625, 0,125 e 0,25 mg/kg e a dois outros, por via intramuscular, nas doses de 0,25 e 0,45
mg/kg. Seis bovinos foram a ?bito e um que recebeu a dose de 0,0625 mg/kg, por via
subcut?nea, recuperou-se. Os sinais cl?nicos tiveram in?cio entre 25 minutos e 5 horas e 30
minutos ap?s a inocula??o. O per?odo de evolu??o variou de 7 horas e 18 minutos a 66 horas e
12 minutos. Um animal recuperou-se ap?s 92 horas. O quadro cl?nico, independentemente das
doses, caracterizou-se por aumento de volume (hemorragia/hematoma) no local da
inocula??o, tempo de sangramento aumentado, mucosas hipocoradas e apatia. O exame
laboratorial revelou progressiva anemia normoc?tica normocr?mica, trombocitopenia, redu??o
de fibrinog?nio e prote?nas plasm?ticas totais, hemat?crito e hemoglobina diminu?dos, al?m
de leve aumento dos n?veis de creatinaquinase e desidrogenase l?tica. ? necropsia, havia, a
partir do local da inocula??o, extensos hematomas e ?reas de hemorragia no tecido celular
subcut?neo dos animais que receberam o veneno por via subcut?nea; nos animais inoculados
por via intramuscular, adicionalmente, havia hemorragia intramuscular. O endoc?rdio
esquerdo apresentava extensas hemorragias e verificaram-se pet?quias na serosa do r?men e
do omaso e na mucosa do abomaso e da ves?cula biliar. Em cinco animais, o c?lon, reto e
regi?o perirrenal estavam envoltos por co?gulos de sangue. Ao exame histol?gico observouse,
al?m do quadro hemorrag?paro, necrose muscular coagulativa, acompanhada de
hemorragia, no entorno do local da inocula??o nos animais que receberam o veneno por via
intramuscular; essa les?o era discreta nos m?sculos pr?ximos ao local de inocula??o
subcut?nea. Nos bovinos deste estudo, o aumento de volume observado no local de
inocula??o e adjac?ncias era constitu?do por sangue e n?o edema. N?o foram observadas
mioglobin?ria, nem les?es macro ou microsc?picas significativas nos rins. Este estudo indica
que exemplares de B. alternatus, caso inoculem todo seu veneno, poderiam levar bovinos
adultos ? morte. Por outro lado, pelo fato de of?dios serem capazes de regular a quantidade de
veneno inoculada e, possivelmente, n?o considerarem bovinos como presa potencial, ?
prov?vel que o n?mero de acidentes nessa esp?cie seja pequeno, o que est? de acordo com o
observado na maioria dos centros diagn?stico an?tomo-patol?gico no pa?s.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:tede/761 |
| Date | 20 February 2008 |
| Creators | Caldas, Saulo Andrade |
| Contributors | Peixoto, Paulo Fernando de Vargas, Tokarnia, Carlos Maria Ant?nio Hubinger |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Curso de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Veterin?rias, UFRRJ, Brasil, Parasitologia Veterin?ria |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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