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Previous issue date: 2015-11-13 / A carcinicultura mundial sofre grandes perdas econ?micas por enfermidades virais e bacterianas, sendo importante que sejam incentivados estudos e a??es que minimizem os danos provocados por estas doen?as em todas as ?reas, desde os econ?micos, sa?de animal e humana at? ambientais. Diante destes fatos, foram avaliados: a) o efeito da presen?a de areia como substrato sobre o comportamento de camar?es juvenis Litopenaeus vannamei em laborat?rio (manuscrito I); b) as atividades comportamentais de camar?es juvenis L. vannamei infectados por Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802) e submetidos a tratamentos veterin?rios em laborat?rio (manuscrito II); c) identifica??o dos agentes envolvidos em enfermidades com altas mortalidades em fazendas de carcinicultura (manuscrito III). O estudo foi realizado em tr?s etapas. Na primeira etapa (manuscrito I), os animais foram submetidos a tratamentos com aus?ncia ou presen?a de areia como substrato, divididos em dois grupos, cujos animais foram colocados em 30 aqu?rios de material pl?stico com capacidade para quatro litros, 15 deles com areia como substrato e 15 sem areia. Foram avaliados os comportamentos de enterramento somente para o grupo com areia e inatividade, nata??o, ingest?o de alimento, limpeza e rastejamento; sobreviv?ncia e ganho de peso para ambos os grupos. Na segunda etapa (manuscrito II), os animais foram divididos em cinco grupos: 1) Controle 1, 2) Controle 2 -animais infectados e sem tratamento veterin?rio; 3) Animais infectados, tratados com medicamento isop?tico ISO; 4) Animais infectados, tratados com medicamento antibi?tico (florfenicol) ANTIB; 5) Animais infectados, tratados com medicamentos isop?tico e antibi?tico (florfenicol) simultaneamente ISO+ANTIB. Foram ent?o analisados os comportamentos desses animais, a sobreviv?ncia e o ganho de peso. Na terceira etapa (manuscrito III), foi visitada uma fazenda de carcinicultura com altos ?ndices de mortalidade na cidade de Obreg?n, em Sonora, no M?xico. Foram coletados 30 animais dessa fazenda, os quais foram levados para an?lises presuntivas (an?lise a fresco e bacteriologia) e confirmat?rias (bioqu?mica e qPCR) para identifica??o de agentes patog?nicos virais e/ou bacterianos. Os resultados obtidos no manuscrito 1 mostram que n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre os comportamentos observados, tamb?m n?o houve diferen?a entre crescimento e ganho de peso, indicando que a aus?ncia de areia n?o interferiu na express?o de comportamento dos animais. Isto possibilita que os experimentos seguintes n?o usem areia como substrato. No manuscrito 2, os camar?es infectados e tratados com isopatia e antibi?tico simultaneamente apresentaram desempenho comportamental semelhante ao grupo controle 1, indicando que apresentam comportamento compat?vel com animais saud?veis. No Manuscrito 3, ficou evidente que a alta mortalidade identificada em viveiros com camar?es juvenis, al?m da cepa pat?gena causadora da AHPND, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, outras esp?cies de bact?rias dos g?neros Vibrio e Aeromonas estavam associadas. / World shrimp culture suffers large economic losses for viral and bacterial diseases, so it is important that studies and actions be encouraged to minimise the damage caused by these diseases in all areas - economy, animal and human health and environment. The present study evaluated the effect of a) presence of the substrate on the behaviour of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in the laboratory (manuscript I); b) behavioral activities of juvenile shrimp L. vannamei infected by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802) and subjected to veterinary treatments in laboratory (manuscript II); c) identified the pathogenic agents associated to diseases with high mortality in shrimp culture farms (manuscript III). The study was conducted in three stages. In the first stage (manuscript I), the animals were subjected to two treatments, the absence or presence of sand as substrate, and were divided into two groups, placed in 30 plastic aquariums with capacity for four liters, half of them with sand on the bottom as substrate and the other half without sand. Burying behavior was evaluated only for the group whose aquariums had sand as substrate; inactivity, swimming, food intake, cleaning and crawling, survival and weight gain were measured in both groups. In the second stage (manuscript II), the animals were divided into five groups: 1) control, 2) infected animals with no veterinary treatment; 3) infected animals treated with isopathic medicine; 4) infected animals treated with antibiotics (florfenicol); 5) infected animals treated with isopathic medicine plus antibiotics (florfenicol). Then, the behaviors and survival and weight gain of the animals were analysed. In the third stage, we visited a shrimp farm with high rates of mortality in Obreg?n city, Sonora, Mexico. Thirty animals collected in the ponds were taken to presumptive (fresh smear analysis and bacteriology) and confirmatory (Biochemistry and qPCR) analyses for identification of viral and/or bacterial pathogens. The results in Manuscript 1 showed that for juvenile prawns maintained in aquariums with or without sand as substrate for up to three weeks, behavior, survival and weight gain were not significantly different, which demonstrates that lack of sand on the substrate did not modify behavioral responses of the animals. So, in the next stage, sand was not used as substrate anymore. In Manuscript 2, the infected prawns that were treated with isopathy plus antibiotics showed behavioral performance similar to the control group, indicating that their behavior is compatible with healthy individuals. And in Manuscript 3, concerning the high mortality of juvenile prawns in the ponds, besides the pathogenous that causes AHPND, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, other species of bacteria of the genus Vibrio and Aeromonas were associated to the pathology of the prawns.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/21433 |
| Date | 13 November 2015 |
| Creators | Medeiros, Viviane da Silva |
| Contributors | 09453997404, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4654421846443562, Pontes, Cibele Soares, 48100676453, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3943018673158703, Mendes, Emiko Shinozaki, 24773581468, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2641221276482108, Lima, Jos? Ticiano Arruda Ximenes de, 91656702487, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2820469940582654, Gamez, Jos? Cuauhtemoc Ibarra, 00000000000, Martins, Pedro Carlos Cunha, Miranda, Maria de F?tima Arruda de |
| Publisher | PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM PSICOBIOLOGIA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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