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Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / O g?nero Pilosocereus pertence ? Cactaceae (subfam?lia Cactoideae) e ? um dos maiores e mais bem distribu?dos g?neros dentro da tribo Cereeae. Com 42 esp?cies, divididas nos subg?neros Pilosocereus e Gounellea, o g?nero ? distribu?do de forma disjunta na regi?o neotropical, ocorrendo nos mais diferentes tipos de h?bitats, sempre associados a ambientes x?ricos, sendo o leste do Brasil o seu maior centro de diversidade. Em raz?o de suas caracter?sticas morfol?gicas, as quais lhe conferem grande adaptabilidade a ambientes x?ricos (assim como as demais Cact?ceas), as esp?cies de Pilosocereus s?o frequentemente dominantes e assumem um importante papel ecol?gico e etnobot?nico onde ocorrem. No entanto, poucos tem sido os trabalhos at? o momento que tiveram como foco o g?nero como um todo. Assim, esta tese teve como objetivo investigar o relacionamento filogen?tico, a biogeografia e aspectos evolutivos do g?nero Pilosocereus. No cap?tulo 1 investigou-se os processos de diversifica??o de Pilosocereus nos h?bitats ?ridos da regi?o Neotropical, a partir do relacionamento filogen?tico, do tempo de diverg?ncia de clados e da reconstru??o de ?reas ancestrais. Concluiu-se que o g?nero n?o ? monofil?tico, e o principal clado (Pilosocereus sensu stricto) diversificou-se muito recentemente (principalmente no Pleistoceno tardio), com origem na Caatinga e eventos de migra??o para outros ambientes x?ricos da Am?rica do Norte/Central, Noroeste da Am?rica do Sul e Caribe. No cap?tulo 2, reconstruiu-se o relacionamento filogen?tico do g?nero atrav?s de an?lise bayesiana e m?xima parcim?nia, com uma amplia??o da amostragem de t?xons e regi?es gen?micas em rela??o a trabalhos previamente publicados. Comprovou-se a n?o monofilia do grupo, bem como de quatro esp?cies heterot?picas, o que permitiu propor mudan?as taxon?micas, incluindo a eleva??o de categoria de tr?s esp?cies; tr?s novos sin?nimos; um novo nome no ranking de esp?cie e um novo g?nero, Xiquexique (composto pelas esp?cies formalmente posicionadas em P. subg. Gounellea), passando ent?o Pilosocereus a uma nova circunscri??o, com 42 esp?cies e quatro subesp?cies. Por fim, no cap?tulo 3 apresenta-se o padr?o de distribui??o, riqueza, endemismo e atual situa??o de conserva??o de todas as esp?cies do grupo, onde foi encontrado que alguns t?xons apresentam restri??es ao tipo de vegeta??o, mas a maioria se mostra amplamente distribu?da em diferentes gradientes ambientais. A maior riqueza de esp?cies e diversidade filogen?tica s?o encontradas nos estados da Bahia e Minas Gerais, com ?reas de endemismo sendo apontadas para o leste do Brasil e M?xico. Assim, esta tese teve uma abordagem multidisciplinar a fim de elucidar diferentes aspectos da biologia deste grande e diverso grupo, que at? o momento permaneciam desconhecidos. / The genus Pilosocereus belongs to Cactaceae (subfamily Cactoideae) and is one of the largest and most widely distributed genera within the tribe Cereeae. With 42 species divided in two subgenera, Pilosocereus and Gounellea the group is disjunctly distributed in the Neotropics and centered in eastern Brazil, occurring in many different types of habitats associated with xeric environments. Due to its morphological features, providing great adaptability to xeric environments (as all Cacti), Pilosocereus species are often dominant and play an important ecological and ethnobotanical role where they occur. However, there were few studies so far that focused on the genera as a whole. Thus, this thesis aimed to investigate the phylogenetic relationship, biogeography and evolutionary aspects of the genus Pilosocereus. The first Chapter focused in investigating Pilosocereus diversification processes in arid habitats in the Neotropics, using phylogenetic relationships, clades divergence times and reconstruction of ancestral areas. The conclusion was that the genus is not monophyletic and that the main clade (Pilosocereus sensu stricto) diversified very recently (mainly in Late Pleistocene), with origin in the Caatinga and posterior migration events to other xeric environments in North/Central America, Northwest of South America and Caribbe. In Chapter 2, the phylogenetic relationships in the genus were reconstructed through Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony analyses, with expanded taxon sampling and genomic regions in comparison with previously published works. Again, the genus was found as non-monophyletic, as well as four heterotypic species, what led to the proposition of taxonomic changes, including the resurrection of three species, three new synonyms, a new name in the species rank and a new name in the generic rank, Xiquexique (composed of the species formally positioned in P. subg. Gounellea), while Pilosocereus was newly circumscrybed with 42 species and four subspecies. Finally, Chapter 3 presents the distribution patterns, richness, endemism and current conservation scenario for all species of the group. Some taxa are restricted to vegetation types, but most of them are widely distributed in different environmental gradients. The greatest species richness and phylogenetic diversity are found in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais, with areas of endemism in Eastern Brazil and Mexico. Thus, this thesis had a multidisciplinary approach in order to elucidate different aspects of the biology of this large and diverse group, which remained unknown until now.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/23670 |
| Date | 31 March 2017 |
| Creators | Rolim, P?mela Lavor |
| Contributors | 08484748723, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7557922092763217, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, 04566542670, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2620472775326289, Cardoso, Domingos Ben?cio Oliveira Silva, 01687382522, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2228981567893077, Medeiros, Maria Cl?udia Melo Pacheco de, 05745521627, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5881224420369338, Soffiatti, Patr?cia, 01224749707, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6303148071303678, Versieux, Leonardo de Melo, Versieux, Alice de Moraes Calvente |
| Publisher | PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM SISTEM?TICA E EVOLU??O, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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