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Previous issue date: 2014 / O forame oval patente (FOP) e um defeito cardiaco congenito do septo atrial encontrado em 10 a 30% da populacao. O FOP tem recebido interesse clinico crescente devido a sua implicacao em doencas como acidente vascular cerebral, migranea e sindrome de descompressao em mergulhadores. Estudos recentes tem revelado uma frequencia aumentada de FOP em pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS), fato atribuido as mudancas na pressao intratoracica que ocorrem durante e apos os eventos obstrutivos. O consequente aumento na pressao do atrio direito inverte o gradiente de pressao interatrial, permitindo a comunicacao (shunt) direita-esquerda via FOP. A Sindrome de Resistencia da Via Aerea Superior (SRVAS) permanece em discussao no meio cientifico. Alguns a consideram disturbio distinto, outros como parte de um continuum clinico partindo do ronco primario ate a AOS. Apesar de compartilhar sintomas com a AOS, estudos demonstram que a SRVAS apresenta aspectos clinicos proprios e fisiopatogenia distinta. Baseando-se em sua fisiopatogenia, a SRVAS pode ter uma relacao igualmente estreita com o FOP, uma vez que se associa a intenso esforco respiratorio para manter o fluxo aereo, gerando pressoes intratoracicas negativas ate mais prolongadas que na AOS. Objetivos: Avaliar a frequencia de FOP em pacientes com SRVAS, bem como os fatores clinicos e polissonograficos encontrados nesta associacao. Populacao e metodos: Quatorze pacientes com diagnostico de SRVAS e 10 voluntarios sem disturbio respiratorio do sono confirmado por polissonografia foram examinados com Doppler transcraniano contrastado para deteccao do FOP. Todos responderam questionarios para quantificacao da sonolencia diurna e fadiga. Entrevista clinica foi realizada para obtencao de dados referentes a cefaleia e demais sintomas. Resultados: O FOP foi encontrado em 5 dos 14 pacientes com SRVAS (37,5%) e em 4 dos 10 controles sem a doenca (40%). O subgrupo SRVAS com FOP obteve maiores pontuacoes no questionario de fadiga, comparado ao subgrupo SRVAS sem FOP (p=0,028). A pontuacao media na Escala de Sonolencia de Epworth foi semelhante entre os subgrupos (p=0,379). Houve diagnostico de cefaleia em 6 dos 9 (66,6%) individuos com FOP e em 6 dos 15 (40%) individuos sem FOP (p=0,206). Dois pacientes com SRVAS apresentaram migranea com aura, sendo um deles com FOP. Sintomas de disautonomia, mialgia cronica, insonia e parassonias estiveram presentes em igual numero entre os subgrupos. Conclusao: A frequencia de FOP nessa amostra de pacientes com SRVAS foi similar ao grupo controle. Pacientes com SRVAS tendo como comorbidade o FOP apresentaram significativamente mais fadiga do que aqueles sem FOP / Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a congenital cardiac defect of the atrial septum found in 10 to 30% of the population. The FOP has received increasing clinical interest due to its implication in diseases such as stroke, migraine and decompression illness in divers. Recent studies have shown an increased frequency of PFO in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which was attributed to changes in intrathoracic pressure which occur during and after obstructive events. The consequent increase in right atrial pressure reverses the interatrial pressure gradient, allowing the potential for right to left shunting to occur through the PFO. The upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is still a subject of discussion in scientific community. Some consider it a distinct disorder, others as part of a clinical continuum starting from primary snoring to OSA. Despite sharing symptoms with OSA, studies show that UARS has its own clinical aspects and a diferent pathophysiology. Relying on its pathophysiology, UARS may have an equally close relationship with the PFO, since it combines the intense respiratory effort to keep the airflow, generating negative intrathoracic pressures even more prolonged than in OSA. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of PFO in patients with UARS, and the clinical and polysomnographic factors found in this association. Patients and methods: Fourteen patients with UARS and 10 volunteers without sleep disordered breathing, confirmed by polysomnography, were examined with contrast transcranial Doppler to detect PFO. All completed questionnaires to quantify daytime sleepiness and fatigue. Clinical interview was conducted to obtain data on headache and other symptoms. Results: The POF was found in 5 of 14 patients with UARS (37.5%) and 4 out of 10 controls without the disease (40%). The UARS subgroup with FOP obtained higher scores on the fatigue questionnaire, compared to subgroup UARS without PFO (p = 0.028). The average score on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was similar betweenthe subgroups (p = 0.379). Headache was found in 6 of 9 (66.6%) patients with PFO and in 6 of 15 (40%) patients without PFO (p = 0.206). Two patients with UARS had migraine with aura, one of them with FOP. Symptoms of dysautonomia, chronic myalgia, insomnia and parasomnias were equally distributed in the subgroups. Conclusion: The frequency of PFO in this sample of patients with UARS was similar to the control group. Patients with comorbid UARS and FOP had significantly more fatigue than those without PFO. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.unifesp.br:11600/23189 |
| Date | January 2014 |
| Creators | Coutinho, Pablo Lorenzon [UNIFESP] |
| Contributors | Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Poyares, Dalva [UNIFESP] |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | 75 f. |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP, instname:Universidade Federal de São Paulo, instacron:UNIFESP |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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