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Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Introduction: the Oxidative Stress Theory suggests that, throughout an individual s life, an accumulation of free radicals, produced by mitochondria, generating a progressive disequilibrium between prooxidant and antioxidant system can be observed. The oxidative stress may cause an increase in the protein damages and trigger possible changes and inflammations, as well as contribute to the development of many diseases, such as neurodegenerative. Doing physical exercises may increase the tolerance of the tissue, related to the damages, caused by oxidative stress, as well as the enzymatic defenses. Objective: evaluate the effect of the regular and oriented physical exercises, considering cognitive and plasmatic parameters of the oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses. Methodology: there were 28 elderly individuals that participated in the study, that were divided in two experimental groups: the elderly group that was not doing any oriented physical activity (n=11) and the other group that was doing an oriented physical activity (n=17). Instruments for screening dementia, such as Mini Mental State Examination, for depression, the Beck Scale for Depression, the International Physical Activities Questionnaire, to get data related to daily physical exercise, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, to evaluate the working memory, were used in this study. Blood was collected, in order to analyze the oxidative stress as well as the antioxidant markers. Results: groups did not show any relevant differences, considering age, education and social and economic aspects, as well as in the scores of the instruments for screening depression and dementia. Any significant differences between the two groups, related to the body mass, caloric content, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and diet vitamins A, were verified. Since any relevant differences were seen between the two groups in the oxidative stress and cognitive performance parameters, all the volunteers, who participated of the study, were gathered in only one group, in order to verify the possible relations between those variables. Thus, linear regressions were performed, considering, as predictor variables, the lipid peroxidation, the protein damage and the total antioxidant activity, and, as dependent variables, the scores that were gotten in each one of the neuropsychological tests. The only statistically relevant result [p=0.011] found was the relation between the total antioxidant activity and the number of perseverative errors in WCST [B= - 0.71]. Conclusions: there were not verified any significant differences between the groups, probably because the difference of the level of the physical activity was very small. In future studies, a higher number of volunteers and groups, with marked differences between the level of the physical exercises, should be added as well as some physiological parameters, to identify the level of the physical activity that was performed and observe their effect on the cognitive aspects and plasmatic parameters of oxidative stress and the antioxidant defenses, and verify their possible association to elderly people and their cognitive integrity / Introdu??o: a Teoria do Estresse Oxidativo sugere que, ao longo da vida, ocorre o ac?mulo de radicais livres, produzidos pela mitoc?ndria, gerando um desequil?brio progressivo entre sistema pr?-oxidante e antioxidante. O estresse oxidativo pode causar um aumento de danos proteicos e gerar poss?veis muta??es e inflama??es, assim como contribuir para o desenvolvimento de diversas doen?as, entre as quais as neurodegenerativas. A pr?tica de exerc?cio f?sico pode melhorar a toler?ncia tecidual aos danos causados pelo estresse oxidativo e aumentar as defesas enzim?ticas. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito do exerc?cio f?sico regular e orientado sobre aspectos cognitivos e par?metros plasm?ticos de estresse oxidativo e defesas antioxidantes. Metodologia: participaram deste estudo 28 indiv?duos idosos que foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais: o grupo de idosos sem atividade f?sica orientada (n=11) e o grupo com atividade f?sica orientada (n=17). Foram utilizados instrumentos de rastreio de dem?ncias, como Mini Exame do Estado Mental, e de depress?o, como a Escala de Depress?o de Beck, Question?rio Internacional da Atividade F?sica, para o levantamento de dados sobre a pr?tica di?ria de exerc?cio f?sico, Teste de Cartas de Wisconsin, para avaliar a fun??o executiva, e a tarefa de Span de D?gitos, para avaliar a mem?ria de trabalho. Foi realizada uma coleta de sangue para a avalia??o dos marcadores do estresse oxidativo e das defesas antioxidantes. Resultados: os grupos n?o apresentaram diferen?as significativas em rela??o ? idade, escolaridade e n?vel socioecon?mico, assim como nos escores dos instrumentos de rastreio de depress?o e dem?ncia. Tamb?m n?o foram observadas diferen?as significativas entre os grupos no ?ndice de massa corporal e no conte?do cal?rico, prot?ico, lip?dico, de carboidratos e vitaminas A da dieta. Uma vez que n?o foram identificadas diferen?as significativas entre os grupos nos par?metros de estresse oxidativo e desempenho cognitivo, reunimos todos os volunt?rios do estudo em um ?nico grupo, de forma a verificar poss?veis rela??es entre estas vari?veis. Desta forma, realizamos regress?es lineares, considerando, como vari?veis preditoras, a peroxida??o lip?dica, o dano prot?ico e a atividade antioxidante total e, como vari?veis dependentes, os escores obtidos em cada um dos testes neuropsicol?gicos. O ?nico resultado estatisticamente significativo [p=0.011] encontrado foi a rela??o entre a atividade antioxidante total e o n?mero de erros perseverativos no WCST [B= - 0.71]. Conclus?es: n?o encontramos diferen?as significativas entre os grupos provavelmente em fun??o de a diferen?a de n?vel de atividade f?sica praticada entre eles ser muito pequena. Estudos futuros deveriam utilizar um n?mero maior de volunt?rios e grupos com diferen?as mais marcantes entre os n?veis de exerc?cio f?sico praticado, al?m de inclu?rem alguns par?metros fisiol?gicos para a determina??o do grau de exerc?cio f?sico realizado e, assim, observar, com maior clareza, o efeito do mesmo sobre aspectos cognitivos e par?metros plasm?ticos de estresse oxidativo e defesas antioxidantes e as suas poss?veis rela??es com a integridade cognitiva em idosos.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/2737 |
| Date | 28 March 2014 |
| Creators | Schames, Maur?cio Lemieszek |
| Contributors | Bromberg, Elke |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Gerontologia Biom?dica, PUCRS, BR, Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 4438661476953179033, 500, 600, 2296420844541114010 |
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