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Previous issue date: 2013-02-08 / Temperament can be regarded as the basis of mood, behavior and personality. It has a strong biological basis, manifested early in the development of the individual, guiding the formation of habits and is relatively stable over time. Although it is known that there are environmental influences, the relationship of temperament with biological markers and social environment is not well defined. Evidence suggests that the temperament and personality traits predict psychiatric disorders and that most of them are recurrent and chronic. Thus, this study aims to investigate the biological and social basis of behavior and in animal models of traits to assess the relationship of temperament with hyperucemia and with self-report of having been bullied in humans. To study the neurobiological basis of this trait, we selected mice with high and low exploration of a central object in an open field. Out of one hundred mice tested, the ten mice with higher (HE) and lower exploratory (LE) activity were evaluated with gene expression (Genechip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Affymetrix) in the striatum and frontal cortex. The results showed 118 and 86 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the striatum and frontal cortex, respectively. Through analysis of DEGs biological processes were significantly more enriched in nervous system were development and function and cell-to-cell signaling, particularly in the striatum. These results suggest the involvement of translational and post-translational processes as well as striatal synaptic elements in the trait differences of exploratory behavior. Human studies were conducted with the data collected in a large web-survey on psychological and psychiatric measures (BRAINSTEP). In the study of biological basis of behavior we analyzed temperament in 7.155 males (5.1% hyperuricemic) and 25.225 women (1.8% hyperuricemic). Hyperuricemic subjects scored higher in anger and lower in inhibition and control, but hyperuricemic women also showed a higher emotional sensitivity and a lower degree of volition and coping. Subjects with hyperuricemia present more more externalizing and unstable emotional traits and affective temperaments In the study of the social bases of temperament assessed bullying during childhood and adolescence, through a question on time of exposure to bullying (none, <1 year, 1-3 years and> 3 years). Emotional traits and affective temperaments were evaluated with The Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS). About half of the sample reported exposure to bullying and 10% reported being victimized by peers for longer than 3 years. Longer exposure to bullying was associated with lower Volition, Coping and Control. Bullying victimization was also associated with a much lower proportion of euthymic and hyperthymic types in both genders, which was compensated by an increase mainly in the proportion of depressive, cyclothymic and volatile types. Being bullied was associated with a broad and profound impact on emotional and cognitive domains in all dimensions of emotional traits, and with internalized and unstable affective temperaments. These results, taken together, show the importance of social factors and serum markers, as well as genetic markers of temperament. / O temperamento pode ser considerado como a base do humor, do comportamento e da personalidade, tem uma base biol?gica forte, manifesta-se cedo no desenvolvimento do indiv?duo, norteia a forma??o dos h?bitos sendo relativamente est?vel no decorrer do tempo. Apesar de se saber que h? influ?ncias do meio, n?o est? bem definida a rela??o entre temperamento e o meio social. Evid?ncias sugerem que o temperamento e os tra?os de personalidade predisp?em aos transtornos psiqui?tricos e que a maioria deles ? recorrente e cr?nico. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar as bases biol?gicas e sociais do temperamento em modelos animais de temperamento e avaliar a rela??o do temperamento com hiperuricemia (eleva??o dos n?veis s?ricos de ?cido ?rico) e com o autorrelato de ter sido v?tima de bullying em humanos. Na avalia??o das bases neurobiol?gicas do temperamento foram usados modelos animais, no qual foram selecionados camundongos com alta e baixa explora??o em um teste campo aberto. Foram testados cem camundongos, e posteriormente selecionados os dez camundongos mais exploradores (HE) e os dez menos exploradores (LE), cujo mRNA de c?rtex frontal e estriado foi coletado para posteriormente ser avaliado atrav?s de chips para avalia??o da express?o g?nica (Genechip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array - Affymetrix). Os resultados mostraram 86 e 118 genes expressos diferencialmente (DEGS) no estriado e no c?rtex frontal, respectivamente. Atrav?s da an?lise dos DEGs os processos biol?gicos mais significativamente enriquecidos foram o do desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso e da fun??o e sinaliza??o celular, especialmente no estriado, numa compara??o entre animas HE com LE. Estes resultados sugerem o envolvimento de processos de transla??o e p?s-tradu??o, assim como os elementos sin?pticos do estriado nas diferen?as de caracter?sticas de comportamento explorat?rio. Nos estudos em humanos, os dados foram coletados em um grande levantamento via Web atrav?s do Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP). No estudo de bases biol?gicas do temperamento em humanos, analisamos o temperamento em 7.155 homens (5,1% hiperuric?micos) e 22.225 mulheres (1,8% hiperuric?micas). Indiv?duos hiperuric?micos apresentaram escores mais elevados em raiva e inferiores na inibi??o e controle, j? as mulheres hiperuric?micas tamb?m mostram uma maior sensibilidade emocional e um menor grau de vontade e de enfrentamento. Os resultados demonstraram que indiv?duos com hiperuricemia t?m mais tra?os emocionais e temperamentos afetivos externalizados e inst?veis. No estudo sobre as bases sociais do temperamento avaliamos o bullying durante a inf?ncia e adolesc?ncia, atrav?s de uma pergunta sobre tempo de exposi??o ao bullying (nenhum, <1 ano, 1 a 3 anos e > 3 anos). Tra?os emocionais e temperamentos afetivos foram avaliados com a Escala de Temperamento Afetivo e Emocional (AFECTS). Cerca de metade da amostra relatou exposi??o ao bullying e 10% relataram ter sido v?timas por mais de 3 anos. Vitimas de bullying tamb?m apresentam uma propor??o muito menor de temperamentos eut?micos e hipert?micos em ambos os sexos, o que foi compensado por um aumento, principalmente, na propor??o de tra?os depressivos, ciclot?micos e vol?til. Sofrer bullying foi associado com um impacto amplo e profundo sobre os dom?nios cognitivos e emocionais em todas as dimens?es de tra?os emocionais, e com temperamento afetivo internalizado e inst?vel. Esses resultados, em conjunto, mostram a import?ncia de poss?veis marcadores s?ricos (?cido ?rico) e fatores gen?ticos e sociais sobre os tra?os de temperamento.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/5463 |
| Date | 08 February 2013 |
| Creators | Frizzo, Matias Nunes |
| Contributors | Lara, Diogo Rizzato |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, BR, Faculdade de Bioci?ncias |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 8198246930096637360, 600, 600, 36528317262667714 |
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