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Previous issue date: 2015-01-21 / Concerning the breakthroughs science has experienced, using Kuhn?s (1962), Poeppel?s (2004) and Giere?s (2006) work, Costa (2007b) launches the Metatheory of Interfaces and suggests a new approach to Linguistics and meaning. Linguistics thus is no longer seen as a preexisting discipline, but now is considered as Language Sciences, i. e., it is now regarded as a result of external and internal interface construction. All the same approach is given to natural language meaning when it comes to research, for it is no longer an observable object in and from the world, but now it is understood as a complex object built through the establishment of these interfaces. Regarding the complex objects and interfaces conception, backed by the Metatheory of Interfaces, in order to study meaning from an inferential point of view, we suggest the development of a model which has in the articulation of inferential theories the capacity of investigating such a complex object in a more interesting way regarding both the descriptive and explanatory perspectives. To do so, concerning the Perspectivism position and the cross-fertilization notion, the Conversational Implicature Theory (GRICE, 1975), the Conversational Implicature Theory ? Enlarged Model (COSTA, 1984), the Relevance Theory (SPERBER; WILSON, 1986, 1995), the Generalized Implicature Theory (LEVINSON, 2000), the Non-Trivial Connectivity Theory (COSTA, 2002, unpublished, 2005a) and the Dialog Theory (COSTA, 2013) were brought together to form an articulated model. Therefore, it was possible, from the devise of interfaces, specially, using the Non-Trivial Connectivity Theory and the Relevance Theory, to strengthen the theoretical foundations which explain why we use language not only to acquire information and to improve our world representation in a more efficient way for less effort, but by assuming that man uses language because he is genetically programmed to connection, and natural language is one of the various forms through which man can obtain it, in, however, a non-mechanical, non-redundant, but creative and informative way. The interfaces also allowed to verify that, through inferential processing, due to logic traits, we can not only monitor the way we reason, but also our world knowledge as a whole. Besides, because of the questioning of notions such as benefit and cost, it was possible to verify the of considering that aesthetic and emotional aspect ? in this case, especially regarding McLuhan?s (1969) maxim ?the medium is the message? ? started to explain what we understand as meaning. So it is not only based on rational and informative aspects. Finally, it was also possible to verify that these new interfaces allowed us to identify inferences of different natures, such as linguistic and logic, known as multiform inferences, and identify elements of different natures, such as aesthetic, emotional, etc., dabbling and interacting in conversational exchanges regarding the most different communicative situations concerning the production of rich and various types of meaning effects, to the point of online reorienting interlocutors intentions. All these aspects were investigated using journalistic, political and legal discourses, whose concrete social existence makes them a perfect locus for the generating of the phenomena we are interested in and whose natures make them exploit the many resources that the use of the natural language gives rise to. Such discoursed can all be seen together in one event, the 2000 American presidential election, whose debate between Democrats and Republicans also is an ideal place to test the model we are building and to identify the fascinating meaning effects that intentions, moved by reason and emotions, regarding different kinds of benefits, even being the sort of low cost, can produce through the perfect interaction between what is said and what is implicated mediated by communicative-cognitive-linguistic-logic inferences. / Atrav?s de avan?os na concep??o de ci?ncia, valendo-se de Kuhn (1962), Poeppel (2004) e Giere (2006), Costa (2007b) lan?a a Metateoria das Interfaces e sugere um novo tratamento para a Lingu?stica e para a significa??o. A Lingu?stica deixa de ser vista como uma disciplina pr?-existente e passa a ser tratada como Ci?ncias da Linguagem e, portanto, como o resultado de constru??es de interfaces internas e externas. Da mesma forma, o significado em linguagem natural, para fins de investiga??o, deixou de ser um objeto observ?vel, no e do mundo, para ser compreendido como um objeto complexo constru?do atrav?s dessas interfaces. A partir dessa concep??o de interfaces e objetos complexos, respaldada pela Metateoria das Interfaces, a fim de estudar o significado por um vi?s inferencial, propomos a elabora??o de um construto que tem na articula??o de teorias de car?ter inferencialista a capacidade de promover uma investiga??o mais interessante desse objeto tanto do ponto de vista descritivo quanto do ponto de vista explanat?rio. Para tanto, foram reunidas, ? luz do Perspectivismo e da no??o de cross-fertilization, a Teoria das Implicaturas Conversacionais (GRICE, 1975), a Teoria das Implicaturas Conversacionais Modelo Ampliado (COSTA, 1984), a Teoria da Relev?ncia (SPERBER; WILSON, 1986, 1995), a Teoria das Implicaturas Conversacionais Generalizadas (LEVINSON, 2000), a Teoria da Conectividade N?o-Trivial (COSTA, 2002, no prelo, 2005a) e a Teoria do Di?logo (COSTA, 2013). Dessa forma, foi poss?vel, a partir da cria??o de interfaces, em especial da TCNT e da TR, fortalecer os fundamentos que explicam por que usamos a linguagem, mais do que para obter informa??es e melhorar nossa representa??o de mundo da maneira mais eficiente por menos esfor?o, assumimos que o homem usa a linguagem porque est? geneticamente programado para a conex?o, e a linguagem ? uma das formas pelas das quais se obt?m isso, atrav?s, contudo, de uma forma n?o-mec?nica, n?o-redundante, mas criativa e informativa. As interfaces tamb?m permitiram verificar que, via processamento inferencial, devido a elementos da l?gica, podemos n?o apenas monitorar nossos racioc?nios, mas nosso conhecimento de mundo como um todo. Al?m disso, pela problematiza??o das no??es de benef?cio e custo, verificou-se a necessidade de se considerar que aspectos emocionais e est?ticos ? neste caso, em especial, a partir da concep??o de que o meio ? a mensagem (McLUHAN, 1969) ? passassem a compor o que entendemos por significado. Ele, portanto, n?o se constitui apenas de aspectos racionais e informativos ? no??o est? igualmente revisitada. Por fim, foi poss?vel verificar que essas novas interfaces nos permitiram identificar que infer?ncias de diferentes naturezas, l?gico-lingu?sticas, a saber, as multiformes, e elementos de diferentes naturezas, emocionais, est?ticos, etc., interferem e interagem nas trocas conversacionais, das mais diferentes situa??es comunicativas, para a produ??o dos mais ricos e variados efeitos de significa??o, reorientando online, inclusive, as inten??es dos interlocutores. Todos esses aspectos foram investigados a partir dos discursos jornal?stico, pol?tico e jur?dico, cujas exist?ncias sociais concretas os tornam locus perfeito para a gera??o dos fen?menos que nos interessam, e cujas naturezas fazem com que se valham dos tantos recursos aos quais o uso da linguagem natural d? origem. Por fim, tais discursos podem ser vistos reunidos em um evento, a elei??o presidencial norte-americana, em 2000, cujo debate entre democratas e republicanos mostrou-se o local ideal para testar o construto e identificar os fascinantes efeitos de significa??o que inten??es movidas por raz?o e emo??o, de olho nos mais diferentes tipos de benef?cios, mesmo que estes se caracterizem pelo baixo custo, podem produzir atrav?s da perfeita intera??o entre ditos e implicados mediada por infer?ncias l?gico-lingu?stico-cognitivo-comunicacionais.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/5958 |
| Date | 21 January 2015 |
| Creators | Sartori, Roberta |
| Contributors | Costa, Jorge Campos da |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Letras, PUCRS, Brasil, Faculdade de Letras |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 8447345070736321569, 600, 600, 600, -2856882280194242995, -2744512914176983623 |
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