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Previous issue date: 2016-01-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This dissertation, by means of two empirical studies, aimed to analyze the impact of biological/individual, clinical and sociocultural factors on the executive performance of children with normal development or diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The first study aimed to evaluate whether age, gender, type of school and parental education could predict executive performance in school-age children. Unconstrained (UVF), phonemic (PVF) and semantic verbal fluency (SVF) tasks (n=402), as well as the Hayling Sentence Completion Test - Child version (HSCT-C) (n=275) and the Random Number Generation (RNG) task (n=274) were administered to typically developing 6-to-12-year-old children. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed (p?0.05). The most significant explanatory models involved child age and parental education (UVF, PVF and RNG), as well as these two variables in addition to the type of school attended by the child (SVF and HSCT-C). The main individual predictors of executive performance were age (VF tasks and RNG) and school type (HSCT-C). These results may be related to structural and functional alterations in the brain, an increased repertoire of cognitive strategies, the effects of education and the intensity of environmental cognitive stimulation. The second study aimed to identify subgroups of executive processing in children with ADHD and to determine whether biological (age and sex), clinical (presentation of the disorder, frequency of ADHD symptoms and difficulties in reading and writing), and sociocultural (parental education and type of school attended by children) factors would contribute to differentiate the clusters. UVF, HSCT-C, Narrative Discourse and Digits were administered to 61 6- to 12-year-old children diagnosed with ADHD. Hierarchical cluster analysis and MANCOVA were performed (p?0.05). Participants were distributed in three clusters: 1) high frequency/severity (F/S) of deficits in cognitive flexibility (CF) and in inhibition (IN); 2) low F/S of deficits in CF and in working memory (WM), but with deficits in IN; and 3) high F/S of deficits in CF and in WM and low F/S of deficits in IN. Thus, there is no unique neuropsychological profile in ADHD: there may be different patterns of executive processing, with different cognitive strengths and weaknesses. There were no differences among the clusters in relation to biological, clinical, and sociocultural factors. It is hypothesized that the expression of the disorder overcame protective factors for executive development. The findings of this dissertation may contribute to the assessment and intervention in executive skills of children with normal development or ADHD, as well as to prepare stimulation programs for executive functions in clinical and educational settings. / Esta disserta??o, por meio de dois estudos emp?ricos, buscou analisar o impacto de fatores biol?gicos/individuais, cl?nicos e socioculturais no desempenho executivo de crian?as em desenvolvimento t?pico ou com diagn?stico de Transtorno de D?ficit de Aten??o/Hiperatividade (TDAH). O Estudo 1 visou a investigar se a idade, sexo e tipo de escola da crian?a e a escolaridade de seus pais s?o preditores do desempenho executivo de escolares. Foram aplicadas tarefas de flu?ncia verbal (TFV) livre (FVL), fon?mico-ortogr?fica (FVF) e sem?ntica (FVS) (n=402), o teste Hayling Infantil (THI) (n=275) e a tarefa Gera??o Aleat?ria de N?meros (GAN) (n=274) em crian?as de 6 a 12 anos de idade em desenvolvimento t?pico. Conduziu-se uma an?lise de regress?o linear m?ltipla hier?rquica (p?0,05). Os modelos mais explicativos foram a associa??o entre a idade da crian?a e a escolaridade dos pais (FVL, FVF e GAN) e essas vari?veis somadas ao tipo de escola do participante (FVS e THI). Individualmente, os principais preditores foram a idade (TFV e GAN) e o tipo de escola (THI). Esses resultados podem estar relacionados a altera??es estruturais e funcionais no c?rebro, ? amplia??o de repert?rios de estrat?gias cognitivas, ? escolariza??o e ? intensidade da estimula??o cognitiva ambiental. J? o Estudo 2 teve como objetivo buscar subgrupos de processamento executivo em crian?as com TDAH e verificar se fatores biol?gicos (idade e sexo), cl?nicos (apresenta??o do transtorno, frequ?ncia de sintomas de TDAH) e socioculturais (escolaridade dos pais e tipo de escola frequentada pela crian?a) contribuem para explicar as diferen?as entre clusters. Foram aplicados os instrumentos FVL, THI, Discurso Narrativo Oral e D?gitos em 61 crian?as de 6 a 12 anos de idade com diagn?stico de TDAH. Foram conduzidas an?lises de clusters hier?rquicos e MANCOVA (p?0,05). Os participantes se distribu?ram em tr?s clusters: 1) alta frequ?ncia/gravidade (F/G) de preju?zos em flexibilidade cognitiva (FC) e em inibi??o (IN); 2) baixa F/G de d?ficits em FC e mem?ria de trabalho (MT), mas com preju?zos em IN; e 3) alta F/G de d?ficits em FC e MT, e baixa em IN. Logo, n?o h? um perfil neuropsicol?gico ?nico no TDAH: podem haver padr?es diversos de processamento executivo, com for?as e fraquezas cognitivas distintas. N?o houve diferen?as entre os clusters quanto a fatores biol?gicos, cl?nicos e socioculturais. Sugere-se que a manifesta??o do quadro cl?nico superou fatores protetivos para o desenvolvimento executivo. Os achados desta disserta??o podem contribuir para o planejamento da avalia??o e interven??o nas habilidades executivas de crian?as em desenvolvimento t?pico ou com TDAH, bem como para a elabora??o de programas de estimula??o de componentes executivos em contextos cl?nicos e educacionais.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/6561 |
| Date | 22 January 2016 |
| Creators | Jacobsen, Geise Machado |
| Contributors | Fonseca, Rochele Paz, Kochhann, Renata |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Psicologia, PUCRS, Brasil, Faculdade de Psicologia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 2588426296948062698, 600, 600, 600, 600, 2599381623216554467, 3411867255817377423, 2075167498588264571 |
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