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Previous issue date: 2017-03-21 / The evolution in human identification through the study of genetic markers STR
(Short Tandem Repeats) induced and propitiated the growth also of animal genetic
identification. However, contrary to what occurs in the human domain, animal
molecular identification still lacks validation of analysis systems and population
studies to be considered reliable to the degree required. Only recently the
International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) has recommended STR markers
suitable for individual discrimination in domestic animal species. Accurate animal
genetic identification is sought to provide entities, associations, breeders and owners
in general with assurances that their animals are in fact derived from reliable
breeders. Only reliable and authentic genealogical records will ensure, for example,
efficiency in genetic breeding processes. Even though it is a promising area, there
are currently only two options in the market for commercial kits for animal genotyping.
But its use has been deferred by specialized laboratories in the field, which end up
preparing their own identification panels, using the recommended genetic markers to
meet their local demands more specifically. However, if the frequencies of the alleles
present in these genetic markers in the study population are not known and the real
power of discrimination that they provide is not estimated, the analyzes performed
and the results obtained may generate misleading or imprecise interpretations. In the
present study, three panels of STR genetic markers were used with all loci
recommended by ISAG, capable of identifying equine, bovine and canine individuals.
Allelic frequencies and other parameters such as heterozygosity, polymorphism
information content, power of exclusion and power of discrimination were obtained
from significant samples in breeds present in Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil),
Uruguay and Paraguay, to be used in the practice of animal genetics for identification
purposes. In addition, comparative population studies within and among breeds were
also carried out, in order to evaluate the genetic diversity of the animal populations
studied. / O avan?o da identifica??o molecular humana pelo estudo dos marcadores gen?ticos
STR (Short Tandem Repeats) induziu e propiciou o crescimento tamb?m da
identifica??o gen?tica animal. Contudo, ao contr?rio da ?rea humana, a identifica??o
molecular animal ainda carece de valida??es dos sistemas de an?lise e de estudos
populacionais para que seja considerada fidedigna no grau que se necessita.
Apenas recentemente a ISAG (International Society for Animal Genetics)
recomendou marcadores STR adequados para discrimina??o individual em esp?cies
de animais dom?sticos. A identifica??o gen?tica animal exata e precisa ? buscada
para fornecer, a entidades, associa??es, criadores e propriet?rios em geral,
garantias de que seus animais s?o, de fato, oriundos de reprodutores confi?veis.
Apenas registros geneal?gicos fidedignos e aut?nticos garantir?o, por exemplo,
efici?ncia nos processos de melhoramento gen?tico. Mesmo sendo uma ?rea
promissora, neste momento h? somente duas op??es no mercado de kits comerciais
para genotipagem animal. Mas seu uso tem sido preterido por laborat?rios do ramo,
os quais acabam preparando seus pr?prios pain?is (in house) de identifica??o,
utilizando os marcadores gen?ticos recomendados para atender suas demandas
locais de forma customizada. Contudo, se n?o forem conhecidas as frequ?ncias dos
alelos presentes nestes marcadores gen?ticos na popula??o em estudo e n?o for
estimado o real poder de discrimina??o que estes fornecem, as an?lises realizadas e
os resultados obtidos poder?o gerar interpreta??es equivocadas ou imprecisas. No
presente trabalho, foram utilizados tr?s pain?is de marcadores gen?ticos STR com
todos os loci recomendados pela ISAG, capazes de identificar indiv?duos equinos,
bovinos e caninos. Frequ?ncias al?licas e outros par?metros como
heterozigosidade, conte?do de informa??o de polimorfismo, poder de exclus?o e de
discrimina??o foram obtidos a partir de amostras significativas em ra?as presentes
no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil, no Uruguai e no Paraguai, para que sejam usados na
pr?tica da gen?tica animal com fins de identifica??o. Al?m disso, estudos
populacionais comparativos dentro e entre ra?as tamb?m foram realizados, com o
intuito de avaliar a diversidade gen?tica das popula??es animais estudadas.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/7534 |
| Date | 21 March 2017 |
| Creators | Gastaldo, Andr? Zoratto |
| Contributors | Alho, Clarice Sampaio |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Brasil, Faculdade de Bioci?ncias |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 3463594373552466096, 600, 600, 600, 4699616958383316066, -1634559385931244697 |
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