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Previous issue date: 2017-06-20 / Dengue fever is an arboviral infection highly common in Brazil, and it corresponds to a major public health problem. Annually, its incidence overcomes 50,000,000, from which about 25,000 are associated to death cases. Due to this high incidence and number of death, it is of great urgency to identify this disease while in an early state. That way, would be possible to avoid any progression of the disease to more severe cases. A major problem related to dengue is that the virus is represented by four subtypes, which are phylogenetically distinct (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4). This means that, although the manifestations and the forms of dissemination are the same, an infection caused by one of the serotypes will not protect against the others. In fact, an infection caused by one of the four serotypes may intensify even more the disease caused by a secondary infection by the three others. One hypothesis that could explain this relationship between heterotypic infections and severe cases of the disease is the ADE hypothesis (antibody-dependent enhancement), which suggests that a secondary infection would cause a cross-reaction between antigen and antibody, preventing the virus of being inactivated. As a consequence, it would result in an increase of the production of inflammatory mediators and vascular permeability that would intensify the disease. Therefore, it?s very important to identify the disease while it is still in an initial stage. However, this early identification is hard and its diagnosis is still limited. Thus, a serological marker would be highly valuable. Recently, serological biomarkers for early diagnosis have become a topic of great interest. These biomarkers have advantages of not being invasive to the patient and inexpensive to produce and analyze. Thus, in this project, we introduce a new technology for the search of such markers, the peptoids. Peptoids are synthetic oligomers, composed of N-substituted glycine units, and can be used for several biological utilities that provide an alternative technology for the investigation and the elucidation of the immune response. Moreover, they have been used and reported as a potential candidate for the search of serological biomarkers due to their chemical stability in fluids where degradative enzymes can be found. In addition to that, the fact that there is no need for a prior knowledge about the target only make them even more attractive for such ?job?. In this project, a combinatorial library of about one million of peptoids was screened in sera from dengue positive patients, as well as negative patients. Hereby we report the potential of this synthetic molecules for the identification of antibodies with clinical relevance present in the patients' serum. The results here reported were generated by 3 consecutive screening steps, where 33 reactive peptoids were identified as potential biomarkers. Because of the impartiality of this technique, we believe that at least one of these 33 peptoids are extremely specific for the studied disease. Currently, they have been sent for the sequencing and re-synthesis step, so that new experiments can be done and the study can continue. We are very excited and we don?t expect nothing less than promising results in the field of diagnosis and dengue. / A dengue ? uma arbovirose de alta incid?ncia no Brasil, e corresponde a um grande problema de sa?de p?blica. Ela possui uma incid?ncia anual de mais de 50.000.000 e resulta num elevado n?mero de casos de ?bito, cerca de 25.000. Devido a isso, ? de grande urg?ncia que possamos identificar esta doen?a enquanto ela ainda se encontra em um estado inicial, para que, deste modo, possamos evitar a progress?o da doen?a para casos mais severos. Um grande problema relacionado a dengue ? que o v?rus ? representado por quatro subtipos, os quais s?o filogen?ticamente distintos (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 e DENV4). Isso quer dizer que, por mais que as manifesta??es e formas de dissemina??o sejam iguais, a contamina??o por um dos sorotipos n?o ir? proteger contra as demais. Ao contr?rio do que muitos acreditam, a infec??o por um sorotipo pode at? assentuar uma infec??o secund?ria pelos demais. Uma hip?tese para explicar casos mais severos da doen?a devido a infec??es heterot?picas ? a hip?tese de ADE (antibody-dependent enhancement), a qual sugere que a rea??o cruzada resulta na falta da inativa??o viral, aumentando assim a produ??o de mediadores inflamat?rios e permeabilidade vascular devido a uma estimula??o da replica??o do v?rus. Devido a isso, ? de grande necessidade a identifica??o da doen?a antes das manifesta??es severas, e, porque essa identifica??o cl?nica, principalmente no est?gio inicial da doen?a, ? dif?cil, um marcardor sorol?gico seria muito valioso. Marcadores sorol?gicos para diagn?stico de doen?as v?m se tornando um t?pico de recente interesse. Esses biomarcadores t?m a vantagem de n?o serem invasivos para o paciente e baratos de produzir e analizar. Sendo assim, aqui, apresentamos uma nova tecnologia para a busca desses marcadores, os pept?ids. Pept?ids s?o olig?meros sint?ticos, compostos por unidades de glicina N-substitu?da e possuem uma variada utilidade biol?gica que proporcionam uma tecnologia alternativa para a investiga??o e elucida??o da resposta imune. O mesmo, v?m se destacando para busca de biomarcadores sorol?gicos devido a sua estabilidade qu?mica em flu?dos onde enzimas degradativas podem estar presentes e devido a resultados promissores sem a necessidade de um conhecimento pr?vio sobre o ant?geno natural e o seu anticorpo correspondente. Neste projeto, foi realizado a triagem de uma biblioteca combinatorial com cerca de um milh?o de pept?ids, os quais passaram por etapas de triagens em soros de pacientes positivos para dengue, bem como para pacientes negativos. Aqui provamos o potencial dessas mol?culas sint?ticas na identifica??o de anticorpos com relev?ncia cl?nica presente no soro dos pacientes. Os resultados obtidos foram gerados atrav?s de 3 etapas de triagem consecutivas, onde 33 pept?ids reativos foram identificados. Devido a imparcialidade desta t?cnica, acreditamos que pelo menos um desses 33 pept?ids seja extremamente espec?fico para a doen?a estudada. Os mesmos foram enviados para sequenciamento e re-s?ntese para que novos experimentos sejam feitos e para que os estudos continuem. Espera-se resultados muito promissores na ?rea de diagn?stico para dengue.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/7784 |
| Date | 20 June 2017 |
| Creators | Oliveira, Ana Sofia Lima Estev?o de |
| Contributors | Oliveira, Jarbas Rodrigues de, Marques Junior, Ernesto Torres de Azevedo |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biotecnologia Farmac?utica, PUCRS, Brasil, Escola de Ci?ncias da Sa?de |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 2304961219518893267, 500, 500, 6997636413449754996 |
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