VASCONCELOS, C. P. P. Pré-condicionamento e tratamento com misturas de óleos de ômega-3, 6 e 9 sobre a inflamação e a reabsorção óssea na doença periodontal experimental. 2013 77 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Médico-Cirúrgicas), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2013. / Submitted by Luciene Oliveira (luciene@ufc.br) on 2017-10-04T14:17:35Z
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Previous issue date: 2013-04-29 / Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that results from the extension of the inflammatory process initiated in the gum to the supporting tissues of the teeth. It is characterized by gingival bleeding, periodontal pocket formation, destruction of the connective tissue and reabsorption of the alveolar bone, which can lead to tooth loss. The omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-9 (ω-9) fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, while the omega-6 (ω-6) have pro-inflammatory properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-resorptive effect of pre-conditioning with a mixture of oils (ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9) containing high ω-9 / ω-6 ratio and low ω-6 / ω-3 in experimental periodontal disease (DPE). DPE was induced by passing a 3.0 nylon cord around the second left upper molar of male Wistar rats, with an average body weight of 180-200 grams. The animals were randomly assigned to 2 groups: control and treated. The control group was subdivided into 3 groups: NORMAL, whose animals were not submitted to DPE and did not receive any treatment, SALINA and Isolipídico (ISO), whose animals received saline solution or an isolipídica mixture of inflammatory neutral action, containing ω-6 / ω-3, in a ratio of 8: 1 and ω-9 / ω-6, with 0.4: 1. The treated group was subdivided into 3 groups: Mix 1, Mix 2 and Mix 3. The animals received mixtures of oils with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action, with the ratio 1.4: 1 of ω-6 / ω-3 and of 3.4: 1 of ω-9 / ω-6, differing only in the source of ω-3: Mix 1, containing α-linolenic acid; Mix 2, containing α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, and Mix 3, containing α-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids. In both groups (control and treated), administration of the oils / saline solution was performed daily, by orogastric route (gavage), starting 7 days before induction of periodontitis until the day of sacrifice, on the 11th day after being submitted to DPE. Some animals were sacrificed 6 hours after induction of periodontitis for myeloperoxidation (MPO) analysis. The following parameters were analyzed: bone loss index (IPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), histopathological and immunohistochemical changes to the Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Experimental periodontitis caused an increase in inflammatory infiltrate in the gingival tissue, a significant increase in IPO, and a change in the disposition of the periodontal collagen. In addition, the presence of Malassez epithelial remains (REM) in the proximity of cementum and alveolar bone was identified. The Mix 1 group, whose ω-3 is derived from ALA (linseed oil), was able to decrease the IPO, reduce the inflammatory infiltrate and gingival MPO levels in relation to the SALINA and ISO groups. Mix 1 further decreased immunostaining for NF-κB and for NOSi. It is concluded that the ingestion of linseed oils has an anti-inflammatory and osteoprotective effect on experimental periodontal disease in Wistar rats.
Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that results from extension of the inflammatory process initiated in the gingiva to the supporting tissues of the teeth, is characterized by bleeding gums, periodontal pocket formation, destruction of connective tissue and alveolar bone resorption and may lead to loss tooth. Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-9 (ω-9) unsaturated fatty acids are anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, while omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids have proinflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and the bone protective effect of preconditioning with fatty acids mixes (ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9) containing high ratio of ω-9/ω-6 and low ratio of ω-6/ω-3 on the experimental periodontal disease (EPD). EPD was induced by passing a 3.0 nylon thread around the upper left second molar in Wistar male rats. The animals were distributed into two groups: control and treated. Control group was subdivided in 3 subgroups: NORMAL, whose animals were not submitted to DPE and received no treatment, SALINE and Isolipidic (ISO), whose animals received saline or a isolipid solution mixture containing ω-6/ω-3 oils (8:1 ratio) and ω-9/ω-6 (0.4:1 ratio). Treated group included 3 subgroups: Mix 1, Mix 2 and Mix 3. The animals received anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mixtures of ω-6/ω-3 (1.4:1 ratio) and ω-9/ω-6 (3.4:1 ratio), differing only in source of ω-3: Mix 1 containing α-linolenic acid; Mix 2, composed of α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids and Mix 3 containing α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic. In both groups (control and treated) the administration of oil/saline solution was performed daily by gavage, starting 7 days before the periodontitis induction until euthanasia on 11th day after surgery. Some animals was sacrificed in the sixth hour after surgery for gingival myeloperoxidase (MPO). The parameters assessed were alveolar bone loss (ABL), histological analysis, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and immunohistochemistry for inducible nitric oxide syntase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Experimental periodontitis caused significant increases in BLI and in inflammatory cell infiltrate in the gingival tissue and periodontal collagen disarrangement. Furthermore, was identified the presence of the epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM) in the proximity of the cementum and alveolar bone. Mix1, which ω-3 is derived from ALA (flaxseed oil) was able to reduce the BLI and the inflammatory infiltrate in comparison with the SALINE e ISO. Mix 1 also decreased the demarcation to iNOS and NF-κB. These results show that flaxseed oil intake has anti-inflammatory and bone protective effect on the experimental periodontal disease in Wistar rats.
Keywords: Periodontitis. Inflammation. Fatty acids. Flaxseed. / A periodontite é uma doença inflamatória crônica que resulta da extensão do processo inflamatório iniciado na gengiva para os tecidos de sustentação dos dentes. É caracterizada por sangramento gengival, formação de bolsa periodontal, destruição do tecido conjuntivo e reabsorção do osso alveolar, podendo levar à perda do dente. Os ácidos graxos ômega-3 (ω-3) e ômega-9 (ω-9) possuem ação antiinflamatória e antioxidante, enquanto os ômega-6 (ω-6) apresentam propriedades pró- inflamatórias. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito anti-inflamatório e antirreabsortivo do pré condicionamento com mistura de óleos (ω-3, ω-6 e ω-9), contendo alta proporção de ω-9/ω-6 e baixa proporção de ω-6/ω-3, na doença periodontal experimental (DPE). A DPE foi induzida, passando-se um fio de náilon 3.0 em torno do segundo molar superior esquerdo de ratos Wistar machos, com peso médio corporal de 180-200 gramas. Os animais foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em 2 grupos: o controle e o tratado. O grupo controle foi subdividido em 3 grupos: NORMAL, cujos animais não foram submetidos à DPE e não receberam qualquer tratamento, SALINA e Isolipídico (ISO), cujos animais receberam solução salina ou uma mistura isolipídica de ação neutra do ponto de vista inflamatório, contendo ω-6/ω-3, numa proporção 8:1 e ω-9/ω-6, com 0,4:1. O grupo tratado foi subdividido em 3 grupos: Mix 1, Mix 2 e Mix 3. Os animais receberam misturas de óleos com ação anti-inflamatória e antioxidante, com a proporção 1,4:1 de ω-6/ω-3 e de 3,4:1 de ω-9/ω-6, diferindo apenas na fonte do ω-3: Mix 1, contendo o ácido α-linolênico; Mix 2, contendo os ácidos α-linolênico, eicosapentaenóico e docosahexaenóico, e Mix 3, contendo os ácidos α-linolênico e docosahexaenóico. Em ambos os grupos (controle e tratado), a administração dos óleos/solução salina foi realizada diariamente, por via orogástrica (gavagem), tendo início 7 dias antes da indução da periodontite até o dia do sacrifício, no 11º dia após serem submetidos à DPE. Alguns animais foram sacrificados 6 horas após a indução da periodontite para análise de mieloperoxidade (MPO). Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: índice de perda óssea (IPO), mieloperoxidase (MPO), alterações histopatológicas e imunohistoquímica para o fator nuclear- κB (NF-κB) e óxido nítrico sintase induzida (NOSi). A periodontite experimental causou aumento do infiltrado inflamatório no tecido gengival, aumento significativo de IPO e alteração da disposição do colágeno do periodonto. Além disso, foi identificada a presença de restos epiteliais de Malassez (REM) na proximidade do cemento e do osso alveolar. O grupo Mix 1, cujo ω-3 é proveniente do ALA (óleo de linhaça), foi capaz de diminuir o IPO, reduzir o infiltrado inflamatório e os níveis de MPO gengival em relação ao grupo SALINA e ISO. O Mix 1 ainda diminuiu a imunomarcação para NF-κB e para NOSi. Conclui-se que a ingestão de óleos à base de linhaça possui efeito anti-inflamatório e osteoprotetor na doença periodontal experimental em ratos Wistar.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:www.repositorio.ufc.br:riufc/26332 |
| Date | 29 April 2013 |
| Creators | Vasconcelos, Camila Pinho Pessoa de |
| Contributors | Vasconcelos, Paulo Roberto Leitão de |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, instname:Universidade Federal do Ceará, instacron:UFC |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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