Thesis (MSc (Mathematics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis, a mathematical model describing the interaction between HIV and TB
in the presence of TB superinfection is presented. The model takes into account two
strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), where one strain is drug-sensitive and the
other is resistant to at least one of the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. The impact
of TB superinfection on the incidence and prevalence of TB in HIV-negative and HIVTB
coinfected individuals is evaluated. Various control measures such as condom use,
antiretroviral therapy, isoniazid preventive therapy and increased TB detection are studied
using this model. Numerical results show that TB superinfection increases the prevalence
and incidence of TB and its impact is more in HIV-negative than HIV-TB coinfected
individuals. The results also show that TB superinfection promotes strain coexistence and
increases the associated HIV mortality. Increased condom use was found to have a high
positive impact towards the control of the two epidemics. Antiretroviral therapy decreases
the TB notification rate and its impact on HIV prevalence increases with the coverage and
efficacy. Isoniazid preventive therapy has a clear effect on the TB prevalence. Finally,
increased TB detection was found to have a less impact on the TB incidence in HIV-TB
coinfected individuals / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie verhandeling word ´n wiskundige model vir die interaksie tussen MIV en TB,
in ´n situasie met TB superinfeksie voorgelˆe. Die model neem twee variante van TB in
ag. Een van die variante is sensitief vir MTB behandeling, terwyl die ander weerstandig is
vir ten minste een van die eerste-linie TB behandenings. Die impak van TB superinfeksie
op die insidensie and prevalensie van TB in MIV negatiewe en MIV-TB ko-ge˜ınfekteerde
individu word ondersoek. Veskeie beheer maatreels soos kondoom gebruik, anti-retrovirale
behandeling (vir MIV) en isonazid voorkomende behandeling en verhoodge TB deteksie
(vir TB) word ondersoek. Numeriese resultate wys TB superinfeksie verhoog die prevalense
en insidensie van TB en dat dit ´n groter bydrae maak by MIV negatief as by MIV-TB
ko-geinfekteerde individu. Die resultate wys veder TB superinfeksie promofeer variant kohabitasie
en verhoog MIV verwante mortalitieit. Verhoogde kondoom gebruik is gevind om ´n positiewe bydrae te maak tot die beheer van beide epidemies. Anti-retrovirale terapie
verlaag die TB aanmeldings koers en die impak van ART verhoog saam met ´n verhoging in
die dekking en effektiwiteit daarvan. Voorkomende behandeling het ´n beduidende impak
op TB prevalensie. Ons vind dat TB deteksie ´n beperkte impak maak op TB insidensie
by MIV-TB ko-geinfekteerde individu
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/4070 |
| Date | 03 1900 |
| Creators | Kajunguri, Damian |
| Contributors | Hargrove, John, Ouifki, Rachid, Nyabadza, Farai, University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Science. Dept. of Mathematical Sciences. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 84 p. : ill. |
| Rights | University of Stellenbosch |
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