[pt] A presente dissertação procura analisar os conflitos indígenas associados a
projetos de desenvolvimento e processo de licenciamento ambiental de
empreendimentos localizados no interior, ou que afetem terras Indígenas. O trabalho
busca realizar uma reflexão jurídica sobre o conceito de indígenas e terras indígenas,
avaliando as implicações práticas desse conceito na instalação de projetos de
desenvolvimento, e em seus processos de licenciamento ambiental. Como metodologia
de pesquisa será feita análise da legislação aplicável, comparada com conceitos
antropológicos e jurídicos, análise de decisões judiciais relevantes e casos práticos.
Serão apresentadas alternativas de alterações legislativas e sugestões de interpretação
legal e constitucional, especialmente relacionados à forma e aos prazos para a condução de processos de demarcação de Terras Indígenas, ao processo de licenciamento ambiental e ao processo de consulta a indígenas. Tais proposições serão apresentadas como sugestões de redução do conflito indígena no país. / [en] Quite a while ago the indigenous population issues stopped receiving secondary
treatment on the definition of public policies of investment and development of
infrastructure projects.
This change took place, basically, due to factors such as the advance of the
frontiers of energy, agribusiness, mining and infrastructure development into remote
areas – especially in the North of Brazil, encountering important Indigenous Lands and
other areas of interest to this indigenous population, isolated or otherwise.
Development advance over indigenous lands – coupled with the lack of ability by
the State and other players to properly anticipate identifying possible conflicts with
indigenous populations and treating them adequately, have worsened conflicts with
indigenous populations. By conflicts with indigenous populations, I understand it to be
conflicts over land and respect for their way of life, which often leads to violence – with
or without casualties.
The frightening numbers of this silent war speak for themselves. According to
FUNAI (National Indigenous Foundation), the Brazilian indigenous population in 1500
was approximately 3 million individuals. This number had been reduced to 360,000 by
1825.
These numbers can be explained through our history of territorial occupation. The
indigenous population was treated as a part of the territory to be dealt with, occupied
and cleaned up. The territory cleansing – in both in the ecological and human aspects
– was how the Brazilian territory was created and, to some extent, continues to be
created
In addition, the lack of a centralized discussion forum for indigenous issues has
led these important discussions to leave the governmental sphere, to wind up taking
place in project environmental licensing procedures – giving project managers the
responsibility to answer the demands of these communities.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:puc-rio.br/oai:MAXWELL.puc-rio.br:27354 |
| Date | 13 September 2016 |
| Creators | GUSTAVO NISKIER |
| Contributors | RAFAEL SOARES GONÇALVES |
| Publisher | MAXWELL |
| Source Sets | PUC Rio |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | TEXTO |
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