The Modern Factory System, as introduced into England in the first quarter of the eighteenth century and developed during the period known as the "Industrial Revolution", brought in its train not only Industrial Progress and Prosperity from a national point of view, a largely increased national dividend and a commercial development unequaled in any period of the world's history, but grave industrial problems involving the very existence of the English worker, the back bone of English industry. This System, its growth and development out of existing organizations of labor, these problems arising out of unprecedented conditions of labor and the legislation, tentative and empirical aimed at the solution of these problems form the subject matter of the following discussion...

The Archaean sediments of the West Hawk Lake area are interbedded with the volcanic rocks (andesites and basalts) and form a belt which strikes eastward across the Manitoba-Ontario boundary. This Archaean belt of rocks is surrounded by intrusive granitic rocks and has been metamorphosed into biotite and amphibole schists. The purpose of the study of the Archaean sediments and volcanics of the West Hawk Lake area was to determine the type of sediments present, the degree of metamorphism on a regional scale, and whether there are any local effects due to the intrusives or other causes. The West Hawk Lake area is situated in southeastern Manitoba along the Ontario-Manitoba boundary. This area is part of the Whiteshell Forest Reserve. Manitoba Highway No.1 crosses the area making it very accessible. Prospectors were attracted to the area by the numerous occurrences of pyrrhotite, molybdenite, gold, scheelite, spodumene and tin. There are numerous pits and shafts scattered throughout the area as evidence of this intensive search. No large commercial deposits were found. The Penniac Mine was the only property developed for production. This venture was a very small gold producer for a short period. Two other development shafts; the Goldbeam and Sunbeam Kirkland were sunk by Goldbeam Mines Limited in the Falcon Lake stock, but not enough ore was found for commercial production.

During recent years hospital use has undergone many changes. Improved facilities, general population growth and increased longevity have caused a marked increase in hospital utilization. Further changes have been brought about by expanded government support of public ward beds, the increasing number of government sponsored bodies in the health field and the growth of insurance schemes. As the Economics Committee of the Medical Staff of the Winnipeg General Hospital believed that these trends might be affecting the character of the public ward population, they requested that the School of Social Work, University of Manitoba, carry out a socio-economic analysis of public ward patients. The School agreed to undertake a pilot project consisting of a study of patients discharged from the public wards of the hospital during the period of one month. The purpose of the writer's study, which forms a part of the larger project, haas been to analyse the relationship between the patient's financial situation and his stated intent with regard to payment of the hospital bill...

"The primary purpose of an adoption agency is to find the best homes possible for the children entrusted to its care." It is now generally accepted that, for the great majority of children, there is no better way of meeting their needs than through participation in normal family life where the child is loved and accepted. We believe that because each child's needs vary, an agency should have a wide range of potential adoptive parents, each different from the other and amongst these one particular family whose personalities and circumstances are such that they can most adequately fulfill the needs of a particular child. Which family is "best" for the child can only be decided when the full resources of the community, rather than one small segment of it, are available for comparison. This study is concerned with a comparative analysis of adoption homes in so far as they are the chief resource used by child placement agencies in meeting the needs of the adoptable children in their care... At present, agencies base their selection of parents for a child mainly on casework understanding of the families, rather than on physical and environmental factors. In this selection of homes, while emphasis is placed on the emotional tone of each home, intellectual, physical and material factors are considered. Because children can be offered to so few families who apply, agencies have a responsibility for selecting for each child parents whose qualities and circumstances are such that the best possible home is found for each child depending on its needs. An agency, today, is concerned that the child shall be offered the opportunity to develop to the limit of its ability.

A detailed study of the trilobite, brachiopod, and cephalopod part of the Stony Mountain fauna indicates a definite Richmond and in part younger age assignment. Forty-seven species belonging to 25 genera are identified, including five new species. Basic components of the fauna include cheirurid trilobites; orthocerid and ascocerid cephalopods; and orthid, rhynchonellid, and strophomenid brachiopods. The relatively small size of the trilobites and cephalopods is noted, and geographic affinities of major components discussed. Correlations with Baffin Island, Greenland, Churchill River, God's River, Bighorn Mountains, Colorado, Anticosti Island, Iowa and its associated Richmond sections are evaluated. The Stony Mountain fauna is considered to have affinities to those of sub-Arctic, eastern and upper Mississippi valley sections.

ACCESS TO THIS THESIS IS RESTRICTED. PLEASE CONTACT ARCHIVES AND SPECIAL COLLECTIONS FOR MORE INFORMATION. / For the first time in the history of the Waterhen First Nation a tradition land-use study has been undertaken. The objectives of this study were to define specifics and general character of the traditional land-use activities in the Waterhen Resource Area and to contrast traditional land-use with third party interests. The area is located in Manitoba's Interlake Region, 320 km northwest of Winnipeg. The Anishinaabe of the Waterhen First Nation use the transitional zone between the Aspen Parkland and the Boreal Forest for a significant part of their livelihood. The complex ecosystem and the traditional land-use make this area unique. Land-use data were collected through interviews resulting in map biographies illustrating hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering activities. The data were digitized into the Map II Map Processor - a raster-based Geographic Information System (GIS) for Macintosh computers. The data was transferred to Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator for cartographic improvement of the maps. The thematic maps illustrate seasonal activities. The map 'All-Season Land-Use Areas' summarizes the activity areas as identified by the interviewees. Proposed large-scale forestry developments threaten the traditional land-use patterns. To exemplify the potential conflict between the interests of the First Nation and those of the logging company, the Waterhen Wood Bison Project has been selected. In 1991, a wild wood bison herd was established in Waterhen Resource Area. Implementation of the proposed forest management plans imperil the successful continuance of Manitoba's wild wood bison herd. The interests of the Wood Bison Project are critically juxtaposed to the Forest Management Plan that was proposed in 1989. Potential impacts on the forest and on moose and woodland caribou habitats are discussed. The study concludes that the traditional land-use activities of the people of the Waterhen First Nation are significant to their lives and well being. Therefore, the availability and access to the traditional resources are needed.

A disorder of cattle has been known to exist for over forty years in the South-Western portion of the Swan River Valley of Manitoba. This coalition usually occurs during pasture seasons of wet years with the affected animals exhibiting a persistent "pining", or debility. It was found that horses, sheep, and pigs remain unaffected but that young calves and cows in milk are most susceptible. At times the malady has been so severe as to cause as high as thirty per cent death loss in calves and several deaths among mature stock. Very characteristic of the disease is the fact that scouring ceases abruptly if the stock are removed to unaffected areas. Hay from affected fields is usually regarded as "safe" though in some cases such hay has been known to cause looseness and even scouring. Some farmers outside the area attributed the condition to poor feeding practices, but despite good feeding regimes on many farms the disease persisted. Agricultural experts and veterinarians were unable to diagnose the condition or to suggest remedial or preventive measures. Farmers in the circumstances found it economically expedient to reduce their herds or to obtain use of pastures outside the affected area... Members of the University of Manitoba Animal Science Department and officials of the Manitoba Department of Agriculture first became cognizant of these disorders about twenty-five years ago. The findings of Theiler (1924) in South Africa, and Eckles (1930) in Minnesota, had brought to light the existence of a wide-spread-area deficiency of phosphorus in soils and forage, which in turn give rise to a pathological condition in cattle. The clinical symptoms of such a condition in some resects (notably debility) simulate those manifested by cattle in the Swan River area, and hence, the earliest recommendations to allow cattle access to a phosphorus supplement. Following the failure of such therapy either to prevent or ameliorate the condition, various theories as to cause - parasitism, bacteria, water supply, poisonous plants, selenium - were advanced over the years but postulation of causes and application of remedial measures did not result in recognizable abatement of the disease. Thus it became increasingly evident that the problem would not be resolved by any procedure other than an intense study conducted in situ...

An account is presented of the incidence of infection of Triaenophorus tricuspidatus (Bloch 1779) in Coregonus and Leucichtys species in Manitoba based upon an examination of 7,000 fishes. The survey covers thirty lakes for the southern Manitoba border to mile 200 on the Churchill Railway, a few lakes in north eastern Saskatchewan, and includes the larger lakes of Winnipeg, Winnipegosis and Manitoba. The morphology and biology of the larvae and adult stages are described; and an incomplete description of the life cycle is given. The possibilities of economic control are discussed.

The first formal government of any description to appear in Western Canada, was the Council of Assiniboia, created in 1835. It was established under the charter rights of the Hudson's Bay Company, with its main work the establishment of law and order, rather than the financial considerations which form our chief interest at present. This council is of interest to us, however, because it is the first legislative body to possess and exercise the power of taxation in territory which forms part of our province. One of its earliest acts was to levy a tax of 4% on all general merchandise, and of one shilling per gallon on all liquors coming into the colony. There is no accessible source of information regarding the revenue produced by this measure, however, till 1860 when the Nor-Wester published a summary of the public accounts for the preceding year. Revenue totalled L2,347, more than half of which came from the tax on imports. The reminder was derived from Interest, Sale of Materials, Fines, Post Office, Marriage Licences, etc. Expenditure from 1858-9 amounted to L996,15s, 4 1/2d and was consumed by salaries, the gaol, and public works (Labor, Timber, Roads and Bridges). Thus the credit balance for the year actually exceeded expenditure, while in 1859-60 a balance is also shown, although it is reduced to a little over L500. The greatest troubles of the colony were not financial, but political and industrial, if such important looking adjectives may be allowed when speaking of such a modest community...

"The law of England is in accord with common sense; according to the law land is not the subject of absolute property....He (any man) can only hold an estate in them (the lands), and that estate he holds only under the Crown as representative of the Community." (Judge O-Connor, in his separate report, in the Final Report of the Royal Commission on Taxation of 1901). Quoting this, Professor Nicholson sketches the history of what he calls the "Denationalization of the Land" and draws the following conclusion. By the beginning of the 18th century the Crown, as "representing the nation", has lost practically all claim to revenue from "land belonging to the nation" and such land had been placed on the same footing as other form of property." His line of argument is as follows: Sources of revenues from land pertaining to the Crown were of two kinds: (a) from demesnes belonging to the King, (b) from feudal lands pertaining to the Crown as representing the nation. Successive kings kept on alientating lands and revenues inspite of repeated protests by parliament. At last, under Charles II, there was so little left of both kinds of lands and revenues that Parliament had the King surrender his rights in exchange of certain excise duties (1672), prohibited future alienations, and recognized, by parliamentary acts (1702), the de jure ownership on formerly alienated lands to their holders at the time. There are two questions involved in the whole matter: (a) Did the land ever belong to the nation who supposedly entrusted it to the King as its trustee? (b) Had that parliament the right to finally declare the land denationalized? We leave these questions open for the present...