Although it has been argued that indoor workers in fact make up the majority of the sex industry, most of the literature on the transition out of sex work has looked at street-based workers. This interview-based qualitative research project aims to fill that gap. As such, this thesis examines the trajectories, challenges and strategies of women who transitioned or are in the process of transitioning from criminalized indoor sex work (escorting, erotic massage and domination) to the mainstream labour market. Using Ebaugh’s role exit theory and Goffman’s conceptualization of stigma, intersectional feminist analysis and labour theory, I position the transition as a re-negotiation of self, involving conflicts in identity and class location. My findings suggest that the transition out of sex work is characterized by multiple, parallel work trajectories, wherein the women were successfully able to transfer skills they had acquired in sex work to the mainstream labour market.

University, Diss.--København, 2007.

Texte remanié de: Diss. Ph. D.--Human geography--Canberra--Australian natioanl university, 1996. / Bibliogr. p. 132-140. Index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-143).

Honors thesis (B.A.)--Ohio State University, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file. Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-101).

This study compares the morphological characteristics and swimming performances of a sympatric species pair of threespine stickleback in order to gain an understanding of the processes involved in their divergence. The fishes are young (13,000 years old), morphologically distinct, and inhabit different niches in the lake (Paxton Lake, Texada Island, British Columbia). Experiments were conducted to compare the steady swimming and escape fast-start performances of these fishes. I tested predictions of two hypotheses: 1) Selection has acted on the steady swimming ability of limnetics, and therefore I predicted that limnetics have greater steady swimming performance than benthics. 2) The specialization for steady swimming has compromised the fast-start performance of limnetics; consequently I predicted that benthics have greater fast-start performance than limnetics. As predicted, limnetics had greater steady swimming performance than benthics. The mean regression of the logarithm of fatigue time (F.T.) on swimming speed (U, in body lengths/second) for limnetics [Log (ET.) = 5.24 - 0.46U] was significantly higher (p <0.05) than that for benthics [Log (F.T.) = 3.77 - 0.43U]. The streamlined shape (to reduce drag), larger pectoral muscles (to provide power), and larger pectoral fin areas (to provide thrust) all contribute to the higher performance of limnetics. However, the fast-start performance of the two fishes was not significantly different for any linear parameter (pooled mean values for total fast-start: duration 0.049 s, distance 0.034 m, maximum velocity 1.10 m/s, and maximum acceleration 133.9 mIs2). With large, caudally placed fins limnetics achieved equal fast-start performance to the deeper bodied benthics. The prevailing view of functional morphology in fishes is that adaptations for high performance in one swimming mode compromise those for high performance in the other swimming modes. For example, optimal characteristics for fast-starts are thought to trade-off against optimal traits for manoeuvering and steady swimming. However, both of the sticklebacks studied here were capable of good manoeuverability and fast-start performance. The propulsive systems of these fish aie decoupled; consequently there is no trade-off between adaptations for these swimming modes. Limnetics achieved high performance in all three swimming categories with no compromise between good steady swimming and fast-start ability. The differences in prolonged swimming performance are linked to morphological and habitat differences. I suggest that selection due to differential resource use has lead to divergence of body form and therefore of steady swimming performance. However, the results of this study also suggest that selection from predators has lead to maintenance of high performance in fast-start swimming. Predation pressure is probably similar on these fishes; consequently selection would favour traits which enhance high escape fast-start performance in both species.

In an attempt to reduce emissions and enhance the performance of a lean - burn, spark ignition engine, the effect of charge motion within the combustion chamber has been examined. The two most prominent charge motions are those of intake generated swirl and compression generated squish. A great deal of previous research work has focused individually on these charge motions, but very little has been done with respect to a detailed study of the combined effects of these phenomenon. The objective of this research is to determine if an optimum combination of squish and swirl intensity exists, and if so what the effects on performace and emissions are. The method by which this would be achieved was entirely experimental. The tests were run using a Ricardo - Hydra Research engine fuelled by natural gas. It required the design and construction of a swirl producing intake system followed by calibration on a steady flow test bench by means of a paddle- wheel anemometer. This resulted in swirl numbers in the range of 0 -1.6 at speeds in the range of 1000 - 2500 rpm. The variation in squish intensity was achieved by the insertion of piston crowns with the desired squish intensity. The squish was radial in nature produced by a bowl-in-piston configuration and a flat cylinder head. Squish ratios used were 0% , 30% , 50% and 70% which could be achieved using a 10.2:1 compression ratio. The testing was cycled through all possible squish and swirl combinations producing a set of emissions and performance data. Initially tests were conducted at WOT, using SAE correction factors for minor fluctuations in intake temperature and pressure. However a second set of part load tests conducted at an intake manifold pressure of 95 kPa produced more meartingful results due to less variations in intake conditions. definite optimization of engine torque and emissions was determined at various squish and swirl intensities and noted at all speed conditions. The effects were most prominent at higher relative air - fuel ratio (RAFR) where improvements in performance were up to 5%. Over the range of RAFR 1.0 - 1.4 benefits were found to vary from 1% - 5% in torque. The exhaust emissions results were less promising due to the increase in NO[sub x] as torque increased, and only a slight THC reduction with increased swirl intensity was noted. Noticeable trends were the benefit of a higher squish ratio as the charge became leaner, as well as when the speed was increased. Increased swirl intensity produced beneficial results with the higher squish requiring a lower swirl intensity to reach the optimum combination. A significant reduction in MBT timing was found as swirl no. was increased at all operating conditions. This reduction in MBT timing persisted after performance optimization had occurred indicating the beneficial effect of swirl on the initial burn time, but less benefit is obtained from the main burn time. The research project has brought to light a number of unexpected aspects of squish and swirl interaction, and has consolidated trends which were expected from previous research.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether branch gall size of lodgepole pine can indicate the level of resistance towards Western Gall Rust. The diameters of galls were measured from different infection years on the same individuals. The ratio of Gall diameter to Branch diameter was calculated and then correlated with gall incidence. An additional statistical test of Completely Random Design was conducted in hopes of answering the objective. The results suggest that branch gall size cannot indicate level of resistance towards Western Gall Rust.

No description available.