Cattle in Kerala

El presente estudio se dirigió a determinar el valor de marca percibido de la empresa “Popeyes”, en los consumidores del centro comercial Real Plaza - Chiclayo. Esto surgió debido a que no existen suficientes investigaciones del valor de marca aplicadas a la ciudad de Chiclayo, lo cual conllevó a cuestionar la manera en cómo el mercado chiclayano valora las marcas. Debido a esto se escogió la empresa “Popeyes” puesto que esta marca a pesar de la fuerte competencia existente, aún permanece en el mercado chiclayano. Asimismo, se planteó como objetivo principal determinar el valor de marca de la empresa “Popeyes”, en los consumidores en el centro comercial Real Plaza en la ciudad de Chiclayo. La investigación fue cuantitativa, de tipo aplicada, de nivel descriptivo y de diseño no experimental y transversal. Utilizando el modelo propuesto por Keller (2008), el método para recabar información fue encuestas, por medio de un muestreo probabilístico al azar simple, y los resultados obtenidos fueron ingresados al programa Excel 2013, como también al IBM SPSS Statitistics 25. Así se obtuvo un valor de marca con una valoración buena de 3.02 en la empresa “Popeyes”, en donde la dimensión de menor puntaje fue de resonancia de marca la cual obtuvo un promedio de 3.67, y la de mayor puntaje fue la dimensión prominencia de marca con un promedio de 2.04.

The diploma thesis consists of three parts. In the first part the problematics of the EIA process is explained and basic data and statitistics for the years 2003 to 2007 is mentioned with respect to the legislative changes in 2006 and 2007. The statistics include i.e. the total number of the projects assessed in individual years, number of the projects assessed by The Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic and regional authorities. Furthermore there are quantified individual projects coming under individual regions, respecting the division into individual industrial branches. Part two deals with the problematics of landscape planning --definiton, tools, targets, legislation and authorities in charge with landscape planning. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the importance of the system of EIA for the needs of spatial planning. There are shown the benefits of EIA for landscape development. Moreover there is distinguishing of EIA for individual projects and for spatial conceptions.

This research is concerned with the empirical verification of the assumptions necessary to ensure an unambiguous test of the arbitrage pricing model for the London Stock Exchange. More specifically, the purpose of this study is threefold: First, to test the normality assumption regarding the distributions of security returns and the intertemporal stationarity assumption of the security mean returns and the covariance (correlation) matrix of security returns. Second, to verify whether the number of common factors determining the security returns is the same across various groups of securities having different sizes and across different security groups having the same size. Third, to test whether the number of common factors affecting the security returns remain unchanged across various time periods for the same group of securities and across various time periods for different groups of securities. The research findings indicate that the distributions of security monthly returns are approximately normal and they are not intertemporally stationary. The correlation matrix of security returns seems to be stationary through time and thus the correlation matrix has to be used for the arbitrage pricing model's tests. Furthermore the number of factors changes as the group size changes. Such results highlight that the methodology used for testing the arbitrage pricing model is not the appropriate one, and previous tests of the arbitrage pricing model are not necessarily tests of the model. The arbitrage pricing model may be held, but the existing statitistical methodology does not provide an unambiguous test of the model for the London Stock Exchange. Finally, the number of factors changes across various time periods for the same group of securities and for different security groups. These findings suggest that the security returns generating model of the arbitrage pricing theory cannot be used for making predictions. These results, however, do not constitute evidence against the arbitrage pricing model. The arbitrage pricing model may be held, but the present state of the statistical methodology cannot be utilized to provide an unambiguous test of the model for the London Stock Exchange.

Thesis (Family Medicine))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. / There is growing concern about stress among public hospital doctors. Studies about stress in South Africa are lacking. The aim of our study was to ascertain the prevalence and level of stress among NMM district doctors; establish relationship if any, between stress and working condition, and compare the results with findings of a study done among general practitioners in a private practice. Methods A cross-sectional study using a standardized questionnaire was carried out among medical doctors working in 4 hospitals of the Ngaka Modiri Molema (NMM) district, North West Province, from 5th March 2010 to 21st April 2010. The 12-item GHQ was used to measure the prevalence and the level of stress. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 17.0. A variety of statitistical analyses were applied to the data, including cross-tabulation, analysis of variance (ANOVA). Duncan’s post hoc was applied to establish relationship between stress and working conditions. Results Of the 67 participants in the study, 89.6% claimed feeling stressed, while 50.7% were found to be objectively stressed. The result also revealed that 26.8% of the participants were highly stressed (morbidly). Despite the evidence of heavy workload among doctors in NMM district, no significant association was found between levels of stress and working conditions. x Conclusion: The prevalence and level of stress among medical doctors working in NMM district are very high and they are much higher than the prevalence and level of stress found amongst General Practitionners in Kwa-Du kuza. Doctors were all stressed irrespective of their gender, number of patients seen per day and hours worked per week.

Issus de l'effondrement gravitationnel des fluctuations de matière primordiales, les amas de galaxies sont constitués d'un halo de matière noire, d'un plasma de baryon ou « gaz chaud » et de galaxies. Le comptage des amas apporte des contraintes fortes sur la cosmologie.Mon travail consiste à améliorer la détection de la composante de gaz chaud des amas, à la fois pour des structures proches et lointaines. Ce gaz chaud est détectable dans les cartes du satellite Planck par effet Sunyaev-Zel'dovich et dans les cartes du satellite ROSAT par rayonnement de freinage.La première partie de cette thèse consiste à détecter du gaz chaud dans les cartes de Planck à la position des quasars de l'expérience BOSS, donc dans des structures lointaines.Le signal est dominé par une émission de type poussière. J'ai donc élaboré un filtre capable d'extraire un signal de gaz chaud sous-dominant et de le séparer de l'émission de poussière. Le signal de gaz chaud obtenu par cette approche est significatif pour les structures à redshift z >2.5.La seconde partie de cette thèse, la détection simultanée, est dédiée à la construction d'un filtre capable d'extraire des amas (à z<1.5) individuellement dans les données ROSAT et adapté à la statistique du bruit. Ce filtre est en outre conçu dans la perspective d'être combiné avec le filtre utilisé pour détecter les amas dans les données Planck. L'objectif final étant d'obtenir plus d'amas moins massifs. / Originating from the gravitational collapse of the primordial fluctuations of matter, galaxy clusters are the mixture of a dark matter halo, a baryonic plasma also called « hot gas » and several galaxies. Cluster counts provide stringent constraints on cosmology.Improving the detection of the hot gas component in nearby or distant structures is the main goal of my work. We can detect this hot gas in the Planck satellite maps thanks to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and in the ROSAT satellite maps by bremsstrahlung.The first part of my thesis is dedicated to the detection of hot gas in Planck maps at the positions of BOSS quasars, so in distant structures.Dust-like emission dominates our signal. I developped a new filter in order to separate the possible sub-dominant hot gas emision from the dust one. I get a significnt hot gas signal for structures with redshift z >2.5.In the second part of the thesis, the simultaneous detection, I build a filter suited for extracting clusters (z<1.5) individually in the ROSAT data respecting the noise statitistics. This filter is also designed to be combined with the filter used for detecting clusters in Planck maps. Increasing the number of less massive clusters will be the final goal.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / BACKGROUND: Lead dust in homes is the primary route of lead ingestion for children. More and more evidence concludes that levels of lead <10 !g/dl, which once was thought to be safe, can cause permanant neurological effects and damage. Lead exposure and toxicity is hard to treat because of the negative side effects of the chelating agents. The focus should be on prevention. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to conduct a study to see if window replacements and/or window repairs will significantly decrease the lead levels in low income housing homes. This study is collaboration between HUD, weatherization groups, and public health departments. DESIGN/METHODS: We performed statistical analyses of lead loading result data that was collected on the field. Compared the lead loading results for each sample location in each unit before and after window repair (Cohort 2), window replacement (Cohort 1), and no treatment for the control group (Cohort 3). The analyses were completed using a two sample matched pair z test and a significance level of 0.05. The control group was used to measure variance and to see if the difference is statistically significant. RESULTS: There appears to be a statistically significant reduction in the mean loading results in the Window Repair Cohort 2 across both Phase 1 to 2 (z=-2.63) and Phase 1 to 3 (z= -3.10). There was not a statitistically significant reduction in the mean loading result of the samples in the Window Replacement Cohort 1 across Phase 1 to 3 (z=-1.3), and there surprisingly appears to be an increase in mean loading result of the samples across Phase 1 to Phase 2 (z= 1.65). There was a significant decrease in loading results throughout Phase 1 to 2 and Phase 1 to 3 for the Control Group Cohort 3. CONCLUSIONS: There is sufficient evidence to suggest that window repair will decrease lead dust levels in homes. According to our preliminary results window replacement decreases the average lead loading results by 43.6%, while window repairs decreased the average lead loading result by 97.4%. While this supports our hypothesis, the increase in lead loading results after a short time window replacement is unexpected. Further studies should be implemented to prevent high lead levels directly after weatherization and provide regulations.

The thesis, titled The Selected Aspects of Environmental Law in the legal theory and practise was written on a base of interdepartmental cooperation between FŽP (Faculty of Environment) and PEF (Faculty of Operation and Economy) at ČZU (Czech University of Agriculture). The main idea of the thesis is to make a study of criminal law development from a standpoint of the society interests since the force of legislation Nr. 140/1961 Sb. (Code), criminal law, until the present time, when the law mentioned above was replaced by the law Nr. 40/2009 Sb. (Code), Penal Code. The study takes quite a long term period, from 1961 to 2015. In the theoretical part I primarilly tried to characterise the rank of interest within the branch of criminal law, with the focus on the substantive criminal law. At the same time I tried to determinate its relationship to the international law and the Czech legal system built on two basic constitutional laws Constitution of the Czech Republic (i.e. Constitutional law Nr. 1/1993 Sb. (Code), as amended). Then, in the practical part I wanted to characterise criminal offences development in the context of the substantive criminal laws mentioned above, with respect to the state system at the certain time, and in the context of society interests at that time, especially focused on the sphere of environment protection and criminal law usage together with the law characterised by ultima ratio principle, i.e. as the last possible means. I also made an analysis and comparism of statitistics data concerning registered criminal offences made by the Police of the Czech republic that was provided to me by The Police Presidium of the Czech Republic, Department of Analyses. The final part presents detected results that point out latent behaviour to environmant in the Czech Republic and the problems connected with quantifying losses. In this respect the law enforcement agencies try to solve the problem by taking in an expert in agreement with the legalities of § 105, Paragraph 1 of the Law 141/1961 Sb. (Code), Penal Code, when the expert makes an expertise according to the law enforcement agencies requests in which he objectively deals with the damage setting. Its determination is important for example for the right legal qualification of the criminal offence against environment. At the end of the thesis I also try to outline possible measures contributing to improving of current state of prosecution connected with criminal offences against environment with greater emphasis on respective efficiency.

Cell membrane is the biological barrier serving as both territorial defense and the communication hinge for the interior of cell from its surroundings. As building blocks of cellular membranes and also precursor for second messengers, a variety of lipids play essential roles in cellular membrane dynamics as well as important functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, signal transduction and membrane trafficking modulation. Lipidomics, representing the systematic and integrative studies of diversified lipids (lipidome) in a biological system, is an emerging yet rapid developing field and hence requires advanced and complementary analytical techniques as well as multiple statistical tools. Our development of reliable analytical methodology (the advanced Mass Spectrometric and high-resolution NMR techniques) and application of multiple statitistical approaches (multivariate data analysis and univariate t-test) enable us to achieve these comprehensive understandings. We have investigated, first of all, the effects induced by hypoxia on cervical cancer derived cells (HeLa cells) to see how and how much the changes in phospholipids profile are able to get light into the targeted biological problem (hypoxia) and provide a preliminary insight into the underlying mechanisms. We found that hypoxia stimulation dramatically reduced the total amount of cellular phosphoinositols (PI) but prominently increased the amount of lyso phosphocholines (lyso-PC) and lyso phosphoethanolamines (lyso-PE). Moreover, our studies suggested the polyunsaturated phospholipids species as stronger biomarkers upon hypoxia treatment. The evaluation of changes in the average unsaturation index (UI) of the membrane lipids acyl chains revealed that UI slightly increased in several lipid classes, thus affecting membrane fluidity and further membrane-dependent functions. The plausible mechanisms by HeLa cells to adapt to hypoxia conditions are briefly reported as well. We have also conducted the comparative lipidomic studies of urothelial cancer cell line RT4 (a model system of a benign tumor) and T24 (a model system of a metastatic tumor) aiming to reveal probable roles and relevant differential changes of membrane lipids with respect to urinary bladder metastasis progress. Significant changes of lipids metabolism were found to correlate with urothelial nonmetastatic and metastatic cell models. The most remarkable finding was that the malignant cell type (T24) showed a strong decrease of ether PC species complemented by a sharp increase of the length and the average unsaturation number of lipids acyl chains. Ceramide-based sphinglipids also showed altered profiles in these two cell types. Such analyses suggest a certain significant re-organization of cellular membrane in malignant cell transformation, involving variations in compositional lipid structures and possible signaling transduction pathways. Observations of such reduction of the 1-alkyl PC species and the chain shortening of lipid species might serve as a tool in urinary bladder cancer intervention.

Colon and rectum cancers (CRCs) are the third most prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality. Advanced metastatic CRC has a very poor prognosis; indicating the need for improved therapy. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) can induce an immune response against tumours and cause cell death of the tumour-associated vasculature. However, dose-limiting toxicity occurs with systemic TNF treatment. In order to assess the effects of expressing TNF and lymphotoxin a (LTA) locally in the tumour microenvironment, a syngeneic CT26 CRC model expressing soluble (sm), full length (fm) or membranebound (mbm) murine TNF or LTA under a doxycyclin-dependent promoter. Moreover, an oncolytic adenovirus (ColoAd1) was modified to express fm or mbm TNF or LTA under its major late promoter (MLP). ColoAd1 is a novel chimeric species B adenovirus based on serotypes Ad11p and Ad3 and is currently in clinical phase 2 trials. In the CT26 model, expression of mbm TNF decreases tumour growth and increases survival compared to control mice not receiving doxycyclin. Expression of sm or fm TNF had no effect on tumour growth or survival. Increased immune infiltration, especially myeloid cells (CD45+ CD11b+) was seen in mice bearing tumours expressing sm, fm and mbm TNF. ColoAd1 can express functional TNF constructs without a substantial impact on virus replication or yield in vitro. Arming ColoAd1 with TNF did not increase efficacy or innate immune infiltration compared to parental ColoAd1, in vivo. Administration of ColoAd1, ColoAd1 fm TNF and ColoAd1 mbm TNF increases immune cell infiltration compared to PBS, especially dendritic (CD45+ CD11b+ F4/80- CD11c+), monocytic (CD45+ CD11b+ Ly6Chigh Ly6G- ) and granulocytic (CD45+ CD11b+ Ly6Clow Ly6G+) cell populations were enriched in virus treated tumours. Expression of TNF from ColoAd1 was well tolerated and systemic toxicity was not observed, in vivo. A statitistically significant derecrease in ColoAd1 mbm TNF genome copies and nonstatistically significant decrease in ColoAd1 fm TNF genome copies were found in tumours compared to ColoAd1. This may indicate increased viral clearance or decreased replication of these armed viruses. The decrease in virus progeny in tumours may have been a major hurdle for increasing the efficacy of ColoAd1 TNF. Synergy between adenoviruses and radiation has been observed for species C virus but little is known about the effects of species B virus on the DNA damage response. In vitro, induction of ?H2AX and phospho-ATM was seen upon ColoAd1 infection of DLD cells and compared to Ad5, less Rad50 and Mre11 degradation occurs in ColoAd1 or Ad11p infected cells. Like all other species of Ad studied, ligase IV is degraded during ColoAd1 infection. Combination of ColoAd1 with radiation therapy, in vivo, led to an increase in viral genome copies in the tumour lysate, 10 days post radiation. However, no synergistic effects of combining virus with radiation was observed. Additionally, contrary to other Ad5 viruses armed with TNF, no evidence for synergy between mTNF expressing ColoAd1 and radiation was found. In conclusion, ColoAd1 can deliver therapeutic proteins to the tumour microenvironment and could potentially be a very useful approach to treat refractive cancers. However, the limitations of relevant pre-clinical models will need to be overcome or new phase 0 mechanistic trial designs will be required to move the technology to reach full potential.