Objective - To determine if an endoscopic-assisted foraminotomy significantly increases the area of the L7-S1 intervertebral foramen and if, over a 12-week time period, there is stenosis of the treated foramen. Study Design - Prospective, experimental study Animal Population - Six, clinically normal adult dogs. Methods - Using endoscopic assistance a unilateral L7-S1 foraminotomy was performed. Computed tomography of the region was performed in the pre-operative, immediately post-operative and 12-week post-operative time periods. Parasagittal area measurements were obtained at the entry, middle and exit zones of the treatment and control foramen for each period. Objective and subjective data were compared among dogs, by time period and treatment status. Results - Endoscopic assisted foraminotomy resulted in a significant increase in the mean parasagittal foramen area (mPFA) of the entry and middle zones in the immediate post-operative period. The exit zone was not made significantly larger at any time period. The foramen remained significantly larger at the 12-week post-operative period in the middle zone only. However, some decrease in the surgically created foramen enlargement occurred at all three levels. The dogs tolerated the procedure well, but did have a mild, temporary delay of functional return post-operatively. Conclusions - Endoscopic assisted foraminotomy in the canine patient can be performed for certain regions of the foramen allowing enhanced visibility in the spinal canal during the procedure. The foramen can be surgically enlarged at the entry and middle zones using this technique. There is some reduction of the foraminal enlargement at 12-weeks post-operative. The clinical significance of this reduction is not evident from this study. Clinical Relevance - Endoscopic assisted foraminotomy could be used to improve intra-operative visualization in dogs with foraminal stenosis as a component of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. / Master of Science

Submitted by ALESSANDRA MANCHINI CARDOSO null (lemanchini@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-30T15:58:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ficha+dissertação.pdf: 3142311 bytes, checksum: fd89634d15b20bb2b50e11cbbb2d7552 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-02-03T13:34:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_am_me_sjc.pdf: 3142311 bytes, checksum: fd89634d15b20bb2b50e11cbbb2d7552 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-03T13:34:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_am_me_sjc.pdf: 3142311 bytes, checksum: fd89634d15b20bb2b50e11cbbb2d7552 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-16 / O objetivo deste ensaio clínico foi avaliar a influência de dois comprimentos de trabalho foraminal diferentes na dor pós-operatória e alodinia mecânica após o tratamento endodôntico concluído em sessão única ou em duas sessões. Quarenta e oito pacientes adultos, indicados para tratamento endodôntico primário de dente com periodontite apical assintomática, foram randomizados em 4 grupos (n = 12): SV0 - tratamento em sessão única e instrumentação do canal radicular até o forame apical; SV+1 - tratamento em sessão única e instrumentação do canal radicular 1 mm além do forame apical; TV0 - tratamento em duas sessões e instrumentação do canal radicular até o forame apical; TV+1 - tratamento em duas sessões e instrumentação do canal radicular 1 mm além do forame apical. Todos os participantes receberam um questionário baseado em uma escala visual analógica para registrar sua avaliação da dor em 3 horas, 6 horas, 12 horas, 24 horas, 48 horas, 72 horas e 7 dias após o término do tratamento endodôntico. Para a avaliação mecânica da alodinia, a medição da força da mordida foi realizada utilizando um gnatodinanômetro digital imediatamente antes do tratamento e 7 dias após a sua conclusão. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os 4 grupos em relação a dor pós-operatória em todos os momentos avaliados (α = 5%, teste de Kruskal-Wallis). Os valores de força de mordida foram significativamente maiores 7 dias após o tratamento endodôntico, indicando que houve uma redução significativa da dor mecânica em todos os grupos, sem diferença significativa entre eles (α = 5%, ANOVA e teste de Tukey). Todos os grupos apresentaram a mesma taxa de dor pós-operatória nos momentos avaliados e efetivamente aumentaram os limiares mecânicos de dor. / The objective of this clinical trial was to evaluate the influence of two different foraminal working lengths on postoperative pain and mechanical allodynia after endodontic treatment completed in single-visit or two-visit. Forty-eight adult patients indicated for primary endodontic treatment of tooth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 12): SV0 – single-visit root canal treatment and instrumentation up to the apical foramen; SV+1 – single-visit root canal treatment and instrumentation 1 mm beyond the apical foramen; TV0 – two-visit root canal treatment and instrumentation up to the apical foramen; TV+1 – two-visit root canal treatment and instrumentation 1 mm beyond the apical foramen. All participants received a questionnaire based on a visual analog scale to record their assessment of pain at 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 7 days after the endodontic treatment concluded. For mechanical allodynia evaluation, bite force measurement was performed using a digital gnatodynanometer just before treatment and 7 days after its conclusion. No statistically significant difference was found among the 4 groups in relation to postoperative pain at all time points assessed (α= 5%, Kruskal-Wallis test). Bite force values were significantly higher 7 days after endodontic treatment, indicating that there was a significant reduction of mechanical pain in all groups, with no significant difference among them (α= 5%, ANOVA and Tukey’s test). All groups exhibited the same rate of postoperative pain at the time points assessed and effectively increased the mechanical pain thresholds.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da espessura de dentina radicular apical, da constrição apical e do diâmetro do forame apical na precisão de leituras realizadas com os localizadores foraminais eletrônicos Mini Apex Locator e Root ZX II®. Foram utilizados 30 incisivos inferiores permanentes unirradiculados de humanos, extraídos, com raízes íntegras e ápices completamente formados e portadores de um único canal. Por meio de um paquímetro, as espessuras radiculares dos dentes foram medidas, no sentido mésio-distal a 1,0 e a 4,0mm aquém do forame apical. Após a abertura coronária, uma lima tipo K no 10, munida de limitador de penetração, foi introduzida no canal radicular até que sua extremidade pudesse ser visualizada na altura do forame, com o auxílio de um microscópio óptico com aumento de 7,8X. Dessa medida, subtraiu-se 1,0mm, estabelecendo-se o comprimento de trabalho. A dilatação do canal radicular foi feita, inicialmente, com brocas de Gates Glidden, em ordem numérica decrescente, da número 5 até a número1, até 4,0mm aquém do forame apical. Os dentes foram fixados em um modelo experimental especialmente desenvolvido para permitir a medição com os localizadores foraminais eletrônicos. Tal modelo era constituído por dois segmentos de PVC: um de menor calibre, com diâmetro correspondente a meia polegada por 2,0cm de comprimento, com as duas extremidades abertas e outro, de maior calibre, com uma das extremidades fechada e com diâmetro interno equivalente ao diâmetro externo do primeiro segmento (3/4 de polegada). No segmento de maior diâmetro, foi feito um orifício lateral que permitiu o posicionamento do eletrodo labial do localizador foraminal eletrônico e, para a medição, no seu interior, foi colocado alginato e, então, encaixado o componente de menor diâmetro, fazendo com que o ápice radicular ficasse imerso no alginato. Foram realizadas as leituras com os localizadores, iniciando-se com a lima tipo K no 10 e seguindo-se a seqüência de instrumentação e medida até a lima tipo K no 130; a lima tipo K no 10 foi utilizada em todos os diâmetros. Terminada essa fase, os dentes tiveram os canais sobreinstrumentados, isto é, a ponta da lima ultrapassou o forame apical em 1,0mm, a partir da lima tipo K no 25 e seguindo até a lima tipo K no 130; novas medidas foram obtidas com cada lima que sobreinstrumentou o forame e a lima no 10 foi utilizada em todos os diâmetros. Em todos os casos o canal radicular estava preenchido com hipoclorito de sódio a 1%. Para a análise estatística foram empregados os testes de Análise de Variância a dois critérios e de Tukey. Os resultados indicaram que as variáveis capazes de influenciar a recisão das leituras com os localizadores foraminais eletrônicos foram a eliminação da constrição apical com o consequente aumento do diâmetro do forame apical, ao contrário da espessura da parede dentinária do canal radicular, que não interferiu significativamente na precisão das leituras. / This study evaluated the influence of the apical root dentin thickness, apical constriction and diameter of the apical foramen in the accuracy of readings obtained using the electronic apex locators Mini Apex Locator and Root ZX II ®. The study was conducted on 30 extracted human single-rooted permanent mandibular incisors, with intact and completely formed roots and presenting a single canal. The root thickness of the teeth was measured with a pachymeter in mesiodistal direction, at 1.0 and 4.0mm from the apical foramen. After coronal opening, a 10 K file with a stop was introduced in the root canal until its end could be observed at the level of the apical foramen, with aid of a light microscope with 7.8X magnification. One millimeter was subtracted from this measurement for establishment of the working length. Enlargement of the root canal was initially performed using Gates Glidden burs, in decreasing order, from number 5 to number 1, up to 4.0mm beyond the apical foramen. The teeth were fixated in an experimental model especially designed to allow the measurement with the electronic apex locators. This model was composed of two PVC segments: one smaller, with diameter corresponding to half inch with 2.0cm length, with both ends open; and the other, with larger diameter, with one end closed and internal diameter similar to the external diameter of the first segment (3/4 inch). In the segment with greater diameter, a lateral orifice was made to allow positioning of the lip electrode of the electronic apex locator. For the measurement, alginate was poured and the component with smaller diameter was fitted, so as the root apex was immersed in alginate. Readings were performed using the electronic apex locators, initiating with a 10 K file and following the sequence of instrumentation and measurement up to 130 K file. The 10 K file was used in all diameters. After this stage, the root canals were overinstrumented, i.e. the file tip was introduced until 1.0mm beyond the apical foramen, beginning with 25 K file up to 130 K file; new measurements were obtained with each file overinstrumenting the apical foramen, and the 10 K file was used in all diameters. In all cases, the root canal was irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test. The results indicated that the variables that may influence the accuracy of readings with the electronic apex locators were the elimination of apical constriction with consequent increase in the diameter of the apical foramen, different from the thickness of the root canal dentinal wall, which did not significantly influence the accuracy of readings.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da espessura de dentina radicular apical, da constrição apical e do diâmetro do forame apical na precisão de leituras realizadas com os localizadores foraminais eletrônicos Mini Apex Locator e Root ZX II®. Foram utilizados 30 incisivos inferiores permanentes unirradiculados de humanos, extraídos, com raízes íntegras e ápices completamente formados e portadores de um único canal. Por meio de um paquímetro, as espessuras radiculares dos dentes foram medidas, no sentido mésio-distal a 1,0 e a 4,0mm aquém do forame apical. Após a abertura coronária, uma lima tipo K no 10, munida de limitador de penetração, foi introduzida no canal radicular até que sua extremidade pudesse ser visualizada na altura do forame, com o auxílio de um microscópio óptico com aumento de 7,8X. Dessa medida, subtraiu-se 1,0mm, estabelecendo-se o comprimento de trabalho. A dilatação do canal radicular foi feita, inicialmente, com brocas de Gates Glidden, em ordem numérica decrescente, da número 5 até a número1, até 4,0mm aquém do forame apical. Os dentes foram fixados em um modelo experimental especialmente desenvolvido para permitir a medição com os localizadores foraminais eletrônicos. Tal modelo era constituído por dois segmentos de PVC: um de menor calibre, com diâmetro correspondente a meia polegada por 2,0cm de comprimento, com as duas extremidades abertas e outro, de maior calibre, com uma das extremidades fechada e com diâmetro interno equivalente ao diâmetro externo do primeiro segmento (3/4 de polegada). No segmento de maior diâmetro, foi feito um orifício lateral que permitiu o posicionamento do eletrodo labial do localizador foraminal eletrônico e, para a medição, no seu interior, foi colocado alginato e, então, encaixado o componente de menor diâmetro, fazendo com que o ápice radicular ficasse imerso no alginato. Foram realizadas as leituras com os localizadores, iniciando-se com a lima tipo K no 10 e seguindo-se a seqüência de instrumentação e medida até a lima tipo K no 130; a lima tipo K no 10 foi utilizada em todos os diâmetros. Terminada essa fase, os dentes tiveram os canais sobreinstrumentados, isto é, a ponta da lima ultrapassou o forame apical em 1,0mm, a partir da lima tipo K no 25 e seguindo até a lima tipo K no 130; novas medidas foram obtidas com cada lima que sobreinstrumentou o forame e a lima no 10 foi utilizada em todos os diâmetros. Em todos os casos o canal radicular estava preenchido com hipoclorito de sódio a 1%. Para a análise estatística foram empregados os testes de Análise de Variância a dois critérios e de Tukey. Os resultados indicaram que as variáveis capazes de influenciar a recisão das leituras com os localizadores foraminais eletrônicos foram a eliminação da constrição apical com o consequente aumento do diâmetro do forame apical, ao contrário da espessura da parede dentinária do canal radicular, que não interferiu significativamente na precisão das leituras. / This study evaluated the influence of the apical root dentin thickness, apical constriction and diameter of the apical foramen in the accuracy of readings obtained using the electronic apex locators Mini Apex Locator and Root ZX II ®. The study was conducted on 30 extracted human single-rooted permanent mandibular incisors, with intact and completely formed roots and presenting a single canal. The root thickness of the teeth was measured with a pachymeter in mesiodistal direction, at 1.0 and 4.0mm from the apical foramen. After coronal opening, a 10 K file with a stop was introduced in the root canal until its end could be observed at the level of the apical foramen, with aid of a light microscope with 7.8X magnification. One millimeter was subtracted from this measurement for establishment of the working length. Enlargement of the root canal was initially performed using Gates Glidden burs, in decreasing order, from number 5 to number 1, up to 4.0mm beyond the apical foramen. The teeth were fixated in an experimental model especially designed to allow the measurement with the electronic apex locators. This model was composed of two PVC segments: one smaller, with diameter corresponding to half inch with 2.0cm length, with both ends open; and the other, with larger diameter, with one end closed and internal diameter similar to the external diameter of the first segment (3/4 inch). In the segment with greater diameter, a lateral orifice was made to allow positioning of the lip electrode of the electronic apex locator. For the measurement, alginate was poured and the component with smaller diameter was fitted, so as the root apex was immersed in alginate. Readings were performed using the electronic apex locators, initiating with a 10 K file and following the sequence of instrumentation and measurement up to 130 K file. The 10 K file was used in all diameters. After this stage, the root canals were overinstrumented, i.e. the file tip was introduced until 1.0mm beyond the apical foramen, beginning with 25 K file up to 130 K file; new measurements were obtained with each file overinstrumenting the apical foramen, and the 10 K file was used in all diameters. In all cases, the root canal was irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test. The results indicated that the variables that may influence the accuracy of readings with the electronic apex locators were the elimination of apical constriction with consequent increase in the diameter of the apical foramen, different from the thickness of the root canal dentinal wall, which did not significantly influence the accuracy of readings.

En pathologie lombaire dégénérative, [des] procédures chirurgicales peuvent être employées pour répondre aux situations clinicoradiologiques rencontrées. Ces procédures sont efficaces mais invasives et grevées d'un taux de complications non négligeables. Les dispositifs interépineux (DIE) [diminuent] ainsi la morbidité. Cependant leur efficacité est controversée. Les effets des DIE peuvent être appréciés sur la modification cinématique de l'étage implanté et sur la modification de la taille des foramens. A travers une série d'études biomécaniques cadavériques, les auteurs tentent de vérifier s'il existe bien ces effets attendus avec 4 dispositifs différents. Concernant L4, DIAM® et In-Space® n'avaient aucun effet contrairement à Wallis qui avait un effet significatif en flexion et en extension. Concernant L5, aucun implant n'avait d'effet en flexion, alors que tous avaient un effet amortissant en extension. Il n'y avait pas d'implant supérieur aux autres. Concernant les variations de mobilité, Wallis® est l'implant qui diminue le plus les amplitudes globales de L4 et L5, de l'ordre de 50% et 42.7%, respectivement. […] Une étude cadavérique de la surface latérale du foramen intervertébrale par méthode photographique et binarisation des images a permis de montrer qu'avec le YODA, la longueur moyenne du foramen était de 15.7±2.8mm et la largeur moyenne de 9.4±1.2mm. Après implantation des DIE, ces dimensions variaient respectivement à 16.8±2.5mm et 10.1±1.3mm. La surface foraminale moyenne était de 150.4±35.8 mm2 à vide et de 165.1±28.3mm2, après implantation. Le gain moyen était de 14.7mm2 (5.3-26.9). Cependant, cet implant n'avait aucun effet sur la cinématique de l'étage implanté, même en extension, justifiant de discuter une modification de sa structure. La mesure stéréoscopique 3D des variations de surface foraminale L4-L5 et des foramens adjacents a permis de montrer que tous les implants ouvrent le foramen L4-L5 en extension. Deux catégories d'implants : 1 qui ouvrent le foramen en position neutre, en flexion et en extension ; 2 qui ferment le foramen en flexion mais l'ouvrent en extension. La mise en place des implants en L4-L5 n'avait aucune conséquence sur la taille du foramen à l'étage L3-L4. En revanche, XSTOP et DIAM entraînaient une fermeture minime du foramen L5-S1 vers l'extension. La mesure de surface nous a semblé insuffisante pour évaluer la globalité de la sténose. Nous avons développé une nouvelle mesure de la taille du foramen en appréciant son volume au scanner. Avec cette technique de mesure, le volume moyen de 60 foramens et de 20 foramens L4-L5 étaient respectivement de 1.17±0.23 et de 1.25±0.27 mm3 pour l'observateur 1 et de 1.21±0.21 et 1.29±0.23 mm3 pour l'observateur 2. Les CIC intra observateurs pour l'observateur 1 pour la mesure de l'ensemble des foramens et pour L4-L5 étaient de 0.98 et 0.99. Pour l'observateur 2, les CIC étaient de 0.90 et 0.92, respectivement. Les CIC inter observateurs pour l'observateur 1 pour la mesure de l'ensemble des foramens et pour L4-L5 étaient de 0.78 et 0.83. Pour l'observateur 2, les CIC étaient de 77 et 0.8. La moyenne des différences de mesures entre les observateurs étaient de moins de 0.2 mm3 (0.05 and 0.15). […] L'excellente reproductibilité de cette mesure simple complète les outils de mesure de la taille du foramen. La validation de cette mesure du volume a permis de vérifier s'il y avait ou pas, une variation du volume foraminal après implantation comparative des quatre dispositifs inter épineux. Les volumes des foramens L4-L5 étaient significativement augmentés après implantation de INSPACE®, XSTOP® et WALLIS®. Le volume foraminal moyen de l'étage sus jacent n'était pas modifié et seul le WALLIS® diminuait le volume en L5-S1. XSTOP® : l’implant qui ouvrait le plus les foramens. Les dispositifs interépineux ont bien des effets biomécaniques sur l'étage implanté, aussi bien en cinématique que sur les variations de la taille du foramen intervertébral. / In lumbar degenerative disease, many surgical procedures can be used to respond to different radiological clinical situations. These invasive procedures are effective, but with a significant complication rate. Interspinous devices (DIE) are positioned with more limited approaches, thereby reducing morbidity. However, their effectiveness is controversial. The effects of EIS can be evaluated on the kinematic changes of the implanted level and changing in the foramina size. Through a series of cadaveric biomechanical studies, the authors try to check if these are good effects expected with 4 devices. Concerning L4, DIAM® and In-Space® had no effect on either flexion or extension, contrary to Wallis®, which had a significant effect on flexion and extension. Concerning L5, no implant had an effect in flexion, while all presented a significant amortisation effect on extension.No significant difference was revealed between implants on flexion, in extension or on a global cycle. Concerning the mobility variations, Wallis® is the implant which decreases the global average movement of L4 and L5 the most, by 50% and 42.7%, respectively.The analysis of variations in the size of foramina is still confidential. Few authors are concerned. A cadaver study of the lateral surface of the intervertebral foramen by photographic method and binarization images has shown that with YODA, the average length of foramen was 15.7 ± 2.8mm and the average width of 9.4 ± 1.2mm. After implantation of DIE, these dimensions ranged respectively 16.8 ± 2.5mm and 10.1 ± 1.3mm. The mean foraminal area was 150.4 ± 35.8 mm2 vacuum and 165.1 ± 28.3mm2 after implantation. The average gain was 14.7mm2 (5.3-26.9). However, this implant has no effect on the kinematics of the implanted level even in extension justifying discuss a modification of the implant. Stereoscopic 3D measuring foraminal area variations on L4-L5 level and adjacent foramina has shown that all implants open the L4-L5 foramen in extension. There seems to be two types of implants: those who open the foramen in neutral, flexion and extension, and those who close the foramen bending but open to extension. There were no effects on the size of the foramen L3 -L4. However, Xstop and DIAM resulted minimal closure L5-S1 foramen to the extension. Surface measurement seemed insufficient to assess the totality of the stenosis. We developed a new measure of the foramen size enjoying its volume scanner. With this measurement technic, the mean volume of 60 foramen and 20 L4-L5 foramen were respectively 1.17 ± 0.23 and 1.25 mm 3 ± 0.27 for the observer 1 and 1.21 ± 0.21 and 1.29 ± 0.23 mm 3 for the observer 2. The intra observer CIC 1 for the observer for all measuring foramina and L4 - L5 were 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. For observer 2, ICC were 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. The inter-observer CIC for the observer 1 for measuring all foramina and L4 - L5 were 0.78 and 0.83, respectively. For observer 2, the CIC were 77 and 0.8, respectively.The average differences in measurements between observers were less than 0.2 mm3 (0.05 et 0.15). This is the first study to measure the volume of the foraminal scanner. The excellent reproducibility of this simple measure complements the tools to measure the size of the foramen. The validation of this volume measurement was used to check whether or not there was a change in the foraminal volume after comparative implementation of four interspinous devices. L4-L5 foramina volumes were significantly increased after implantation of InSpace ®, Xstop ® and WALLIS ®. The average volume of the underlying foraminal volume was not changed and only WALLIS ® decreased the volume L5 -S1. Interspinous devices have many biomechanical effects on the implanted level, as well as kinematic changes in the size (area and volume) of the intervertebral foramen. They have no impact on adjacent

Cette étude a été subventionnée par le Fonds de recherche du Québec - Santé (FRQ-S, grant # 21230 – 2) / Les infiltrations foraminales cervicales sont associées à un risque de complications neurologiques majeures. Cette étude compare l’efficacité des infiltrations facettaires, plus sécuritaires, à celle des infiltrations foraminales dans le traitement de la cervico-brachialgie secondaire à une spondylose et/ou à une hernie discale, à 4 semaines post traitement. Cinquante-six sujets ont été randomisés pour recevoir une infiltration foraminale (15 hommes, 13 femmes ; âge moyen 52 ans) ou facettaire (8 hommes, 20 femmes ; âge moyen 44 ans). L’issue principale était l’intensité de la douleur mesurée sur une échelle visuelle analogique (0 – 100). Les issues secondaires étaient le Neck Disability Index et le Medication Quantitative Scale. Suivant les analyses en intention-de-traiter et en intention-du-protocole, pour un score de douleur initial moyen, une réduction significative de l’intensité de la douleur a été observée avec les infiltrations facettaires [45.3% (95%CI: 21.4; 69.2) et 37.0% (95%CI: 9.2; 64.7)] contrairement aux infiltrations foraminales [9.8% (95%CI: +11.5; 31.2) et 17.8% (95%CI: +6.6; 42.2)]. Les infiltrations facettaires ont procuré une amélioration cliniquement (mais non statistiquement) significative du Neck Disability Index [24.3% (95%CI: +2.9; 51.5) et 20.7% (95%CI: +6.2; 47.6),], contrairement aux infiltrations foraminales [9.6% (95%CI: +15.2; 34.4) et 12.8% (95%CI: +11.2; 36.7)]. Les infiltrations facettaires étaient au moins aussi efficaces que les infiltrations foraminales pour un score initial de douleur ≤ 60, alors que l’analyse de non infériorité n’était pas concluante pour un score initial ≥ 80, de même que pour le Neck Disability Index. Les infiltrations n’ont pas été associées à une réduction du score de Medication Quantitative Scale. Les infiltrations facettaires sont efficaces dans le traitement de la névralgie cervico-brachiale et représentent une alternative valable et plus sécuritaire aux infiltrations foraminales. / Transforaminal corticosteroid injections can be performed in the management of cervical radiculopathy but carry the risk of catastrophic complications. This study compares the efficacy of transforaminal and facet corticosteroid injections at 4 weeks post treatment. We randomly assigned 56 subjects to receive CT-guided transforaminal (15 men, 13 women; mean age 52 years; range 28 – 72 years) or facet (8 men, 20 women; mean 44 years; range 26 – 60 years) injections. The primary outcome was pain severity rated on a visual analog scale (0-100). Secondary outcome measures were the Neck Disability Index and the Medication Quantitative Scale. In the intention-to-treat and as-treated analyses, for a mean baseline score, facet injections demonstrated a significant pain score reduction of 45.3% (95%CI: 21.4; 69.2) and 37.0% (95%CI: 9.2; 64.7), while transforaminal injections showed nonsignificant pain score reduction of 9.8% (95%CI: +11.5; 31.2) and 17.8% (95%CI: +6.6; 42.2). While facet injections demonstrated an improvement in Neck Disability Index score of [24.3% (95%CI: +2.9; 51.5); 20.7% (95%CI: +6.2; 47.6),] as opposed to transforaminal injections [9.6% (95%CI: +15.2; 34.4); 12.8% (95%CI: +11.2; 36.7)], the results did not reach statistical significance. Noninferiority of facet to transforaminal injections was demonstrated for baseline pain score ≤ 60, while noninferiority analysis was inconclusive for baseline pain score ≥ 80 and for the Neck Disability Index score. Neither intervention showed a significant medication intake score reduction over time. Facet injections are effective for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and represent a valid and safer alternative to transforaminal injections.