O consumo de plantas medicinais no país tem aumentado de maneira significativa nas últimas décadas. Dados da Organização mundial de Saúde estimam que 80% da população mundial usam plantas medicinais como alternativa terapêutica. No entanto, pouca informação se encontra disponível sobre os constituintes dos mesmos, bem como sobre o potencial de riscos à saúde humana. Assim, questões relacionadas à qualidade dessas drogas apresentam fundamental importância. Em função de sua origem, a carga microbiana detectada em drogas vegetais pode ser considerada normalmente elevada, oferecendo riscos potenciais ao usuário. Desta forma, a avaliação de sua qualidade sanitária bem como a utilização de processos descontaminantes constituem-se em etapas importantes no que se refere ao aspecto de segurança ao consumidor. Portanto o objetivo deste trabalho foi a determinação dos níveis de contaminação, a pesquisa de indicadores patogênicos; além da eficácia da exposição de 30 e 60 minutos ao gás óxido de etileno, a determinação de residuais tóxicos e a verificação de possíveis alterações nos níveis de marcadores em amostras de Matricaria recutita L., Cynara scolimus L., Paulinia cupana H.B.K. e Ginkgo biloba L. proveniente de três fornecedores diferentes. Todas as drogas vegetais analisadas continham elevados níveis de bactérias e fungos, na ordem de 105 ufc/g, além de terem sido detectados microrganismos patogênicos nas amostras estudadas. Entretanto após a exposição destas por 30 e 60 minutos ao gás óxido de etileno, observou-se a eliminação de cerca de 90% e 99,8% respectivamente. No que se refere aos patógenos específicos a exposição de 30 minutos foi capaz de eliminá-los completamente. Os níveis residuais de óxido de etileno nas drogas vegetais analisadas, foram reduzidos a índices aceitáveis após 14 dias de aeração ambiental, já os níveis de etilenoglicol e etilenocloridrina mantiveram-se dentro do limite da sensibilidade do método adotado. Com relação à análise de principios ativos naturais, não houve alteração nas concentrações dos marcadores das drogas vegetais camomila, ginkgo biloba e guaraná analisadas mesmo após ciclo de exposição de 60 minutos ao gás óxido de etileno. Sendo assim verifica-se a necessidade da adoção de métodos de descontaminação microbiana com o intuito de fornecer um produto mais seguro para o consumo humano visto que estes são por vezes consumidos por enfermos, idosos e crianças com a saúde comprometida. Pode-se concluir também que o processo de descontaminação de drogas vegetais por óxido de etileno é um processo eficaz e seguro, desde que sejam adotados os requisitos de segurança necessários que infelizmente, nem sempre são adotadas no mercado nacional / The consumption of medicinal plants has significantly increased in Brazil in the last decades. Data from the World Health Organization estimate that 80% of the world population use medicinal plants as a therapeutic alternative. However, little information is available about their components and their potential risks to human health. Thus every subject related to the quality of those drugs is of fundamental importance. Due to their natural origin, the bioburden detected in vegetal drugs often be considered high, what is a potencial risk to their consumers. These can have their safety assure; however, through the evaluation of the drugs microbial quality and the use of decontamination processes. Therefore the aim of this work was the determination of the microbial contamination levels and the research of pathogenics microorganisms; besides the efficacy of a 30 to 60 minutes exposure to ethylene oxide of bacteria, moulds and yeasts and also the determination of toxic residues and the verification of possible alterations in the leveIs of marker compounds in samples of Matricaria recutita L., Cynara scolimus L., Paulinia cupana H.B.K. and Ginkgo biloba L., deriving from three different suppliers. All the analyzed medicinal plants presented high levels of bacteria, moulds and yeasts, around 105 ufc/g, and pathogenic microorganisms have also been detected in the samples. However after their exposure ethylene oxide exposition for 30 and 60 minutes, an elimination of about 90% and 99,8%, respectively, was observed. The presence of the pathogenic microorganisms was completely eliminated after 30 minutes of exposure to gas. The residual leveis of ethylene oxide in the analyzed medicinal plants were reduced to acceptable levels after 14 days of environmental aeration. As for the ethylene glicol and ethylene chlorhidrin levels, these were within the sensibility limits of the adopted method. No alteration was observed in chamomile, ginkgo biloba and guaraná, regarding the marker compounds concentration, even after a 60 minutes cycle exposure to ethylene oxide gas. The results led us to the conclusion that microbial decontamination methods are necessary in order to provide safer products to consumers, as they are often consumed by sick people, among which several elders and children. We can also conclude that the decontamination process of medicinal drugs through ethylene oxide is an effective and safe process, provided the necessary safety requirements are adopted, what doesn\'t always happen.

Différentes techniques de chromatographie liquide des polymères ont été étudiées selon leur principe d’élution et le comportement conformationnel des polymères suscité au sein de la phase stationnaire. De part leur capacité à caractériser des copolymères à blocs, la Chromatographie Liquide aux Conditions Critiques (LC CC) et la Chromatographie Liquide aux Conditions Limites de Désorption (LC LCD) ont été utilisées pour déterminer la composition chimique de copolymères à blocs à base de poly(oxyde d’éthylène) et de polystyrène. La LC LCD s’est distinguée par sa capacité à séparer de manière efficace les copolymères à blocs de leurs homopolymères parents. Cette méthode chromatographique a ensuite été optimisée afin d’être appliquée à une plus large gamme de masses molaires. / Several advanced techniques of liquid chromatography of polymers were studied according to their elution principle and the conformational behaviour of polymers along the stationary phase. Because of their potential to characterize block copolymers, Liquid Chromatography under Critical Conditions (LC CC) and Liquid Chromatography under Limiting Conditions of Desorption (LC LCD) were employed to determine the chemical composition of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Polystyrene based block copolymers. Interestingly, LC LCD was proved to be particularly efficiently to separate block copolymers from both their parent homopolymers. LC LCD method was then optimized to extend the applicable molar masses ranges.

O consumo de plantas medicinais no país tem aumentado de maneira significativa nas últimas décadas. Dados da Organização mundial de Saúde estimam que 80% da população mundial usam plantas medicinais como alternativa terapêutica. No entanto, pouca informação se encontra disponível sobre os constituintes dos mesmos, bem como sobre o potencial de riscos à saúde humana. Assim, questões relacionadas à qualidade dessas drogas apresentam fundamental importância. Em função de sua origem, a carga microbiana detectada em drogas vegetais pode ser considerada normalmente elevada, oferecendo riscos potenciais ao usuário. Desta forma, a avaliação de sua qualidade sanitária bem como a utilização de processos descontaminantes constituem-se em etapas importantes no que se refere ao aspecto de segurança ao consumidor. Portanto o objetivo deste trabalho foi a determinação dos níveis de contaminação, a pesquisa de indicadores patogênicos; além da eficácia da exposição de 30 e 60 minutos ao gás óxido de etileno, a determinação de residuais tóxicos e a verificação de possíveis alterações nos níveis de marcadores em amostras de Matricaria recutita L., Cynara scolimus L., Paulinia cupana H.B.K. e Ginkgo biloba L. proveniente de três fornecedores diferentes. Todas as drogas vegetais analisadas continham elevados níveis de bactérias e fungos, na ordem de 105 ufc/g, além de terem sido detectados microrganismos patogênicos nas amostras estudadas. Entretanto após a exposição destas por 30 e 60 minutos ao gás óxido de etileno, observou-se a eliminação de cerca de 90% e 99,8% respectivamente. No que se refere aos patógenos específicos a exposição de 30 minutos foi capaz de eliminá-los completamente. Os níveis residuais de óxido de etileno nas drogas vegetais analisadas, foram reduzidos a índices aceitáveis após 14 dias de aeração ambiental, já os níveis de etilenoglicol e etilenocloridrina mantiveram-se dentro do limite da sensibilidade do método adotado. Com relação à análise de principios ativos naturais, não houve alteração nas concentrações dos marcadores das drogas vegetais camomila, ginkgo biloba e guaraná analisadas mesmo após ciclo de exposição de 60 minutos ao gás óxido de etileno. Sendo assim verifica-se a necessidade da adoção de métodos de descontaminação microbiana com o intuito de fornecer um produto mais seguro para o consumo humano visto que estes são por vezes consumidos por enfermos, idosos e crianças com a saúde comprometida. Pode-se concluir também que o processo de descontaminação de drogas vegetais por óxido de etileno é um processo eficaz e seguro, desde que sejam adotados os requisitos de segurança necessários que infelizmente, nem sempre são adotadas no mercado nacional / The consumption of medicinal plants has significantly increased in Brazil in the last decades. Data from the World Health Organization estimate that 80% of the world population use medicinal plants as a therapeutic alternative. However, little information is available about their components and their potential risks to human health. Thus every subject related to the quality of those drugs is of fundamental importance. Due to their natural origin, the bioburden detected in vegetal drugs often be considered high, what is a potencial risk to their consumers. These can have their safety assure; however, through the evaluation of the drugs microbial quality and the use of decontamination processes. Therefore the aim of this work was the determination of the microbial contamination levels and the research of pathogenics microorganisms; besides the efficacy of a 30 to 60 minutes exposure to ethylene oxide of bacteria, moulds and yeasts and also the determination of toxic residues and the verification of possible alterations in the leveIs of marker compounds in samples of Matricaria recutita L., Cynara scolimus L., Paulinia cupana H.B.K. and Ginkgo biloba L., deriving from three different suppliers. All the analyzed medicinal plants presented high levels of bacteria, moulds and yeasts, around 105 ufc/g, and pathogenic microorganisms have also been detected in the samples. However after their exposure ethylene oxide exposition for 30 and 60 minutes, an elimination of about 90% and 99,8%, respectively, was observed. The presence of the pathogenic microorganisms was completely eliminated after 30 minutes of exposure to gas. The residual leveis of ethylene oxide in the analyzed medicinal plants were reduced to acceptable levels after 14 days of environmental aeration. As for the ethylene glicol and ethylene chlorhidrin levels, these were within the sensibility limits of the adopted method. No alteration was observed in chamomile, ginkgo biloba and guaraná, regarding the marker compounds concentration, even after a 60 minutes cycle exposure to ethylene oxide gas. The results led us to the conclusion that microbial decontamination methods are necessary in order to provide safer products to consumers, as they are often consumed by sick people, among which several elders and children. We can also conclude that the decontamination process of medicinal drugs through ethylene oxide is an effective and safe process, provided the necessary safety requirements are adopted, what doesn\'t always happen.

In this thesis the structure and hydration of small organic and amphipilic compounds adsorbed at the air-liquid interface, have been studied using the nonlinear optical technique Vibrational Sum Frequency Spectroscopy (VSFS). The second order nature of the sum frequency process makes this technique particularly surface sensitive and very suitable for interfacial studies, as molecules at the surface can be distinguished even in the presence of a vast excess of the same molecules in the bulk. Particular emphasis was given to the surface water structure and how it is affected by the presence of small model compounds such as acetic acid and formic acid, and also non-ionic surfactants with sugar based and ethylene oxide based polar headgroups. Understanding the structure of water at these interfaces is of considerable fundamental importance, and here VSFS provided unique information. Upon addition of tiny amounts of these surface active compounds, the ordered surface structure of water was found to be significantly perturbed, as revealed by the changes observed in the characteristic spectroscopic signature of the dangling OH bond of water molecules, which vibrate free in air and are present in the top monolayer. Dramatic differences between the different compounds were also observed in the bonded OH region, providing a valuable insight into the hydration of polar groups at interfaces. Additionally, by employing different polarization combinations of the laser beams involved in the sum frequency process, information about the different water species present at the surface and their average orientation were extracted. In particular an unusual state of water was found with a preferred orientation in a non-donor configuration in close proximity to the hydrophobic region formed by the hydrocarbon tails of the surfactant molecules. The conformation and orientation of the different adsorbates were also characterized, targeting their specific vibrational frequencies. Noteworthy is the orientation of the fluorocarbon chain of ammonium perfluorononanoate (APFN), which in contrast to the hydrocarbon chains of the other surfactant molecules studied, remained constant over a wide range of surface densities. This behaviour was also observed for the anionic headgroup of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Other interesting findings were the formation of a cyclic dimer bilayer at the surface of concentrated aqueous solutions of acetic acid and the water structuring effect induced by poly(ethylene-oxide) headgroups, in spite of being themselves disordered at the air-liquid interface.

The first part of this thesis is concerned with thestructure-property relationships in nonionic surfactantsystems. The main aim was to investigate how the surfactantstructure influences the adsorption at interfaces andinteractions between surfactant coated interfaces.Particularly, the effect of the structure of the surfactantheadgroups was investigated. These were sugar-based headgroupwith varying size and flexibility and poly(ethylene oxide)based headgroups with or without an additional amide or estergroup. The hydrophobic part of the surfactant consisted mostlyof straight alkyl chains, except for one type of poly(ethyleneoxide) based surfactant with a dehydroabietic hydrophobe. The main technique that was used is the surface forcetechnique, with which the forces acting between two adsorbedsurfactant layers on hydrophilic or hydrophobic surfaces can bemeasured. These forces are important for e.g. the stability ofdispersions. The hydrophilic surfaces employed were glass andmica, whereas the hydrophobic surfaces were silanized glass andhydrophobized mica. The adsorption behavior on hydrophilicsurfaces is highly dependent on the type of headgroup andsurface, whereas similar results were obtained on the two typesof hydrophobic surfaces. To better understand how the surfaceforces are affected by the surfactant structure, measurementsof adsorbed amount and theoretical mean-field latticecalculations were carried out. The results show that the sugarsurfactant layers and poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant layersgive rise to very different surface forces, but that the forcesare more similar within each group. The structure-propertyrelationships for many other physical properties have beenstudied as well. These include equilibrium and dynamicadsorption at the liquid-vapor interface, micelle size, micelledynamics, and wetting. The second part in this thesis is about the aggregationbetween cationic polyelectrolytes and an anionic surfactant.The surface force technique was used to study the adsorption ofa low charged cationic polyelectrolyte on mica, and theaggregation between the adsorbed polyelectrolyte with theanionic surfactant. The aggregation in bulk was studied withturbidimetry, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), and smallangle x-ray scattering (SAXS). An internal hexagonal aggregatestructure was found for some of the bulk aggregates. <b>Keywords:</b>nonionic surfactant, sugar surfactant,poly(ethylene oxide), amide, ester, polyelectrolyte, SDS,hydrophobic surface, glass surface, mica, adsorption,aggregation, micelle size, surface forces, wetting, dynamicsurface tension, NMR, TRFQ, SANS, SAXS, mean-field latticecalculations.

<p>The first part of this thesis is concerned with thestructure-property relationships in nonionic surfactantsystems. The main aim was to investigate how the surfactantstructure influences the adsorption at interfaces andinteractions between surfactant coated interfaces.Particularly, the effect of the structure of the surfactantheadgroups was investigated. These were sugar-based headgroupwith varying size and flexibility and poly(ethylene oxide)based headgroups with or without an additional amide or estergroup. The hydrophobic part of the surfactant consisted mostlyof straight alkyl chains, except for one type of poly(ethyleneoxide) based surfactant with a dehydroabietic hydrophobe.</p><p>The main technique that was used is the surface forcetechnique, with which the forces acting between two adsorbedsurfactant layers on hydrophilic or hydrophobic surfaces can bemeasured. These forces are important for e.g. the stability ofdispersions. The hydrophilic surfaces employed were glass andmica, whereas the hydrophobic surfaces were silanized glass andhydrophobized mica. The adsorption behavior on hydrophilicsurfaces is highly dependent on the type of headgroup andsurface, whereas similar results were obtained on the two typesof hydrophobic surfaces. To better understand how the surfaceforces are affected by the surfactant structure, measurementsof adsorbed amount and theoretical mean-field latticecalculations were carried out. The results show that the sugarsurfactant layers and poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant layersgive rise to very different surface forces, but that the forcesare more similar within each group. The structure-propertyrelationships for many other physical properties have beenstudied as well. These include equilibrium and dynamicadsorption at the liquid-vapor interface, micelle size, micelledynamics, and wetting.</p><p>The second part in this thesis is about the aggregationbetween cationic polyelectrolytes and an anionic surfactant.The surface force technique was used to study the adsorption ofa low charged cationic polyelectrolyte on mica, and theaggregation between the adsorbed polyelectrolyte with theanionic surfactant. The aggregation in bulk was studied withturbidimetry, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), and smallangle x-ray scattering (SAXS). An internal hexagonal aggregatestructure was found for some of the bulk aggregates.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>nonionic surfactant, sugar surfactant,poly(ethylene oxide), amide, ester, polyelectrolyte, SDS,hydrophobic surface, glass surface, mica, adsorption,aggregation, micelle size, surface forces, wetting, dynamicsurface tension, NMR, TRFQ, SANS, SAXS, mean-field latticecalculations.</p>

<p>In this thesis the structure and hydration of small organic and amphipilic compounds adsorbed at the air-liquid interface, have been studied using the nonlinear optical technique Vibrational Sum Frequency Spectroscopy (VSFS). The second order nature of the sum frequency process makes this technique particularly surface sensitive and very suitable for interfacial studies, as molecules at the surface can be distinguished even in the presence of a vast excess of the same molecules in the bulk. Particular emphasis was given to the surface water structure and how it is affected by the presence of small model compounds such as acetic acid and formic acid, and also non-ionic surfactants with sugar based and ethylene oxide based polar headgroups. Understanding the structure of water at these interfaces is of considerable fundamental importance, and here VSFS provided unique information. Upon addition of tiny amounts of these surface active compounds, the ordered surface structure of water was found to be significantly perturbed, as revealed by the changes observed in the characteristic spectroscopic signature of the dangling OH bond of water molecules, which vibrate free in air and are present in the top monolayer. Dramatic differences between the different compounds were also observed in the bonded OH region, providing a valuable insight into the hydration of polar groups at interfaces. Additionally, by employing different polarization combinations of the laser beams involved in the sum frequency process, information about the different water species present at the surface and their average orientation were extracted. In particular an unusual state of water was found with a preferred orientation in a non-donor configuration in close proximity to the hydrophobic region formed by the hydrocarbon tails of the surfactant molecules.</p><p>The conformation and orientation of the different adsorbates were also characterized, targeting their specific vibrational frequencies. Noteworthy is the orientation of the fluorocarbon chain of ammonium perfluorononanoate (APFN), which in contrast to the hydrocarbon chains of the other surfactant molecules studied, remained constant over a wide range of surface densities. This behaviour was also observed for the anionic headgroup of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Other interesting findings were the formation of a cyclic dimer bilayer at the surface of concentrated aqueous solutions of acetic acid and the water structuring effect induced by poly(ethylene-oxide) headgroups, in spite of being themselves disordered at the air-liquid interface.</p>

La délivrance contrôlée de médicaments constitue un enjeu thérapeutique de première importance pour le milieu médical. Elle doit, en effet, permettre de diminuer la toxicité du médicament en limitant sa concentration dans l'organisme et en ciblant son lieu de délivrance. Ce projet de recherche a conduit à la réalisation de nouveaux nano-vecteurs particulaires utilisables pour la délivrance de médicaments par hyperthermie locale. Ces objets sont constitués d'un cœur de polynorbornène et d’une écorce de poly (oxyde d’éthylène) et sont synthétisés par polymérisation par ouverture de cycle de type métathèse (ROMP) en dispersion. L’acide salicylique est encapsulé dans ces particules en tant que molécule modèle. L'originalité de ce sujet pluridisciplinaire réside : dans la nature de la particule, qui permet une libération du principe actif à partir de 35-45°C et dans la technique d'imprégnation des particules par la voie fluide supercritique. / Controlled release systems are attracting increasing interest because of their potential application in biomedical field. Indeed, such systems should enable to lower toxicity of medicines by targeting the therapeutic action and by limiting the concentration of drugs in the organism. In this research project, new nanoparticles have been developed for a thermosensitive control of drugs’ delivery. These particles consist of a polynorbornene core and a polyethylene oxide shell and are developed by dispersion ring opening metathesis polymerization. As a model drug, salicylic acid has been encapsulated in those core-shell materials. This multidisciplinary project is original for two reasons. On the one hand, the nature of the particle which enables to release the drug from 35-45°C. On the other hand, the encapsulation technique that has been chosen is the impregnation under supercritical carbon dioxide.

Thermal nanoimprint lithography (T-NIL) is a cheap and fast technique to produce nanopatterns in polymeric materials. It creates these patterns by pressing a stamp down into a polymer film that has been heated above its glass transition temperature. These nanopatterned polymer films can be used in a wide variety of scientific fields, not the least the organic semiconductor industry. There the nanopatterned films have, among else, been used to improve the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), which is similar in structure to an OLED, also uses polymer films in their device structure but the light emitting layer also contains an electrolyte. However, it has not been shown if nanopatterns can improve LECs as well or if it is even possible to make an imprint in their polymer films that are mixed with an electrolyte. This thesis shows that T-NIL can be used to imprint nanopatterns in films made of poly(ethylene oxide) and the conjugated polymer Super Yellow. The best nanopatterns were produced by setting the imprint parameters to  85 °C, 10 bar, 1800 s for poly(ethylene oxide) and 115 °C, 20 bar, 1800 s for Super Yellow. Imprints were also performed on polystyrene but no nanopatterns could be produced. This was most likely because the stamp could not handle the high temperature that is required to make a nanopattern in polystyrene. The best imprint parameters of Super Yellow were then used to produce a pattern in a film made of Super Yellow mixed with the salt tetrahexylammonium tetrafluoroborate (THABF4) in order to be able to produce one imprinted and one reference LEC. The imprinted LEC had a luminosity of 139 cd/m2, an improvement of 20% compared to the reference’s 115 cd/m2 when operated under identical conditions.  The forward direction and the angular dependent electroluminescence spectrum of the imprinted LEC clearly showed an effect not observed in the reference. These findings show that the polymer films used in a LEC can be imprinted with a nanopattern by using T-NIL. The imprinted films can be used to create functional LECs that show different behavior and a higher luminosity compared to a non-imprinted reference. If these results can be repeated it might be the starting point of a brighter future.

Le sujet de cette thèse concerne l'élaboration depolymères hydrophiles biocompatibles et fonctionnelspour la stabilisation et la bio-fonctionnalisation denanoparticules d’oxyde de fer en vue d'une utilisation entant qu’agents de contraste en imagerie par résonancemagnétique et/ou en tant que vecteurs de principesactifs ou de thérapie génique. Pour ce travail de thèse,l'objectif a été de fonctionnaliser des poly(oxyded'éthylène)s (POE) commerciaux, connus pour leurspropriétés d'hydrophilie, de biocompatibilité et defurtivité par un groupement acide phosphonique, pourchélater les nanoparticules d'oxyde de fer, et par ungroupement furane, susceptible de réagir avec desbiomolécules à fonctionnalité maléimide, facilementaccessibles, selon une réaction de Diels-Alderthermoréversible.Des POEs à extrémité acide phosphonique et àfonctionnalité furane ont été synthétisés selon deuxstratégies originales combinant des réactionsd’Atherton-Todd ou de Kabachnik-Fields et lacycloaddition 1,3-dipolaire de Huisgen, réaction dechimie « click » très efficace, orthogonale, spécifique etréalisée dans des conditions douces.Les POEs obtenus ont ensuite été greffés à la surfacede nanoparticules d’oxyde de fer selon la stratégie‘grafting onto’. L’efficacité des POEs à stabiliser lesnanoparticules d’oxyde de fer a été mise en évidence.De plus, les tests de cytotoxicité ont montré que cessystèmes sont biocompatibles. De plus, lesnanoparticules d’oxyde de fer, une fois greffées, ontconservé leurs propriétés de relaxivité autorisant leurutilisation en imagerie médicale. Enfin, l’aptitude de cesnanoparticules fonctionnalisées par des groupementsfurane à immobiliser des molécules à fonctionnalitémaléimide a été mise en évidence ainsi que lapossibilité ultérieure à libérer ces molécules sous effetd’un stimulus thermique. Ce comportement réversibleouvre des perspectives tout à fait intéressantes dans ledomaine de la vectorisation de principes actifs. / The objective of this thesis was the preparation ofbiocompatible hydrophilic functionalized polymers forthe stabilization and bio-functionalization of iron oxidenanoparticles (IONPs) for biomedical applications suchas contrast agents in magnetic resonance imagingand/or targeted drug delivery. In this work, commerciallyavailable poly(ethylene oxide)s (PEO), which havehydrophilic, biocompatibility and furtivity properties havebeen functionalized by a phosphonic acid group, thatstrong anchors on IONPs, and by a furan group that canbe coupled to maleimide-terminated biomolecules by athermoreversible Diels-Alder reaction.Phosphonic acid-terminated PEOs fonctionalized by afurane group were synthesized according to two originalstrategies combining an Atherton-Todd or a Kabachnik-Fields reaction and a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction.This latter reaction, also named ‘click’ reaction, ischaracterized by high yields, simple reaction conditions,fast reaction times, and high selectivity.These PEOs were attached to the IONPs surface usingthe 'grafting onto' strategy. The subsequent polymerstabilizedIONPs were characterized, proving thepresence of polymers on IONPs surfaces. Cytotoxicitystudies revealed that the IONPs carriers werebiocompatible. In addition, studies on the protontransverse relaxation enhancement properties of thesestabilized IONPs indicated high relaxivities in the samerange as iron oxide based commercially availablecontrast agents. Finally, polymer-stabilized IONPs weresuccessfully functionalized by maleimide-functionalizedmolecules according to the Diels-Alder reaction and thesubsequent release of these molecules via a thermalstimulus has been proven. Consequently, this type ofcontrolled-release system could be expanded to drugtherapy responding to external stimuli.