A two year study was initiated in 1999 at the Macdonald Campus Farm, on a 2.4 ha site consisting mainly of St-Amable sand to shallow loamy sand (Typic Endoaquent; Humic Gleysol). The site was planted to alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) prior to the establishment of the experimental design and has been planted to corn (Zea mays L.) since 1991. The experiment was set up as a randomized complete block design and consisted of three tillage levels (NT, no-till; RT, reduced tillage; and CT, conventional tillage) and two residue levels (-R, no residues; +R, with residues). This study was performed in order to ascertain the effect of these management systems on soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic matter carbon (POM-C), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) levels and soil physical properties. Soil physical properties measured included bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), dry and wet aggregate stability, total porosity, macroporosity at -1 kPa and -6 kPa of matric potential, and moisture content. Crop yield was also measured. Results indicated that lower rates of mineralization of POM-C under NT+R in the surface 0--10 cm led to significantly higher SOC at the same depth. There were no significant differences between treatments at the 10--20 cm depth. The MBC was not a good indicator of the differences in soil organic matter levels between treatments. No-till treatments had higher bulk densities, reduced total porosity and macroporosity, increased moisture content, and increased constant-head measured Ksat. Differences in Ksat as measured with the Guelph permeameter, were not significant between treatments, most likely due to increased earthworm activity in NT. There were no significant differences in crop yield in 1999, but a significantly wetter year in 2000 caused lower grain yields in NT+R compared to NT-R and CT+R.

This study starts with the observation that Canadians un-self-consciously tend to understate, or fail to recognize, the existence and extent of anti-Black racism in Canada. Canadians also claim that racism is much worse in the United States. Using extensive excerpts from in-depth interviews with Black and White educators in the Quebec English-language school system, the study examines ideological common sense arguments that legitimize, or else, argue away Canadian anti-Black racism. The study also documents the participants' accounts of racism and its effects. / The study exposes arguments used to deny and justify racism, and discusses the disparate understandings of race-related concepts that make it difficult for dominant and oppressed racial groups to see eye-to-eye. The author then uses the findings of the study to answer and critique a 1998 article by S. Davies and N. Guppy that challenges the claim that there is anti-Black racism in Canadian education. / The final chapter of the study suggests that the American literature on race is more relevant to the Canadian context than is often acknowledged. It suggests that anti-racist education in Canada has less to do with "giving teachers...strategies" for passing on "tolerance to the next generation" than with teaching teachers to examine their own assumptions. The author recommends that Canadian education be examined through a Critical Race Theory approach, which centers race.

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Le présent texte porte sur les règles régissant l'imputation des paiements dans le Code civil du Québec. Dans l'état actuel du droit, le droit de l'imputation des paiements est essentiellement traité à l'intérieur des ouvrages généraux portant sur le droit des obligations. Quant à la jurisprudence, celle-ci se présente comme étant confuse et de peu d'aide pour qui voudrait comprendre l'application de ces règles. L'objet de ce mémoire est donc de procéder avant tout à une analyse détaillée des articles 1569 à 1572 du Code civil du Québec. Nous expliciterons et expliquerons les termes de chacun de ces articles, nous démontrerons leur mécanisme propre et décrirons leurs applications et leurs limites. Nous procéderons également à une critique, parfois poussée, de ce qui a été écrit sur le sujet par la doctrine et la jurisprudence et nous nous questionnerons à l'occasion sur la rédaction même des dispositions actuelles.

Pour l'idéologie nationaliste traditionnelle, la lutte antitrust entreprise en 1927 et se terminant en 1945 constitue une occasion privilégiée de débattre du rôle de l'Etat dans la vie économique de la province. De 1927 à 1932, les nationalistes commencent à souhaiter une certaine intervention étatique. Puis, de 1933 à août 1936, ils revendiquent énergiquement un rôle accru de l'Etat face aux monopoles, particulièrement contre celui de l'électricité. Enfin, de septembre 1936 à 1945, ils seront divisés autour du degré souhaitable d'interventionnisme. D'un côté, il y aura ceux qui favorisent le principe d'Etat-entrepreneur, et de l'autre, ceux qui s'y objecteront farouchement. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2013

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