The thesis reviews the changes which have taken place in policing England and Wales between 1950 and 1998 with particular reference to foui* key themes: community policmg, crime preverition, victims of crime and quality ofservice. It contributes to ah understanding of how policing has developed during a period of significant social change and explores the rationale which has underpinned legislative development and policy making at national and force levels whilst identifying the significance of these changes within a local city environment. The development of the key themes at national level is considered within the local policing environment of the south-west of England. This has been undertaken with particular reference to the way in which they have influenced the direction of policing within Devon and Cornwall and, in particular, how aspects of their implementation have been perceived by both police officers and sections of the public within the largest urban area of the two counties, the city of Plymouth. Much of the detailed research within the city has concentrated upon the area of Stonehouse, forming part of the St Peter ward; an area which has been identified as one of the most socially and economically deprived locations in England. Through personal interviews, telephone and postal questionnaires, and an insider's ethnographic perspective, the study is brought into local focus. This allows critical analysis of the key themes in terms of their local development against the national perspective.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005. / Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-81). Also available online.

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 81 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-79).

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006. / Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80). Also available online.

States recovering from violent ethnic conflict face many challenges in trying to rebuild. Primary among these challenges is how to best provide for the security of the people. In states that choose democratic regimes, security must be provided by a civilian police force. One major challenge in the process of post-ethnic conflict rebuilding is addressing any conceptions within the community that the police are biased against marginalized groups in society. This is often particularly difficult in post-ethnic conflict states where the police have been associated, fairly or not, with one side of the conflict. In such situations, how do the police gain the confidence of the community so that policing is seen as legitimate and fair? This dissertation combines the literature on post-ethnic conflict rebuilding with the considerable literature on community policing to argue that implementing community policing may be the solution to this problem. Broadly speaking, community policing embraces the concept that the work of the police is not separate from the community but should be approached as a collaborative partnership between the police and the community they serve. This requires community input and active participation in policing at every stage from problem identification to idea formation and implementation to evaluation and reform. This style of policing builds relationships between the police and the community and works to develop community confidence in the police. This argument is evaluated through one in-depth study and one initial assessment of states that have attempted to implement a form of community policing after ethnic conflict: Northern Ireland following their ‘Troubles’ and Kenya after their 2007 post-election violence respectively. Two specific conclusions arise from this study. First, the adaptive nature of community policing enables the police to build community confidence through policing practice that is responsive to the needs of the specific communities being served. Second, the symbolism surrounding the police has a strong effect on individuals’ abilities to acknowledge or accept police reform in post-ethnic conflict states.

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Since the day Saudi Arabia was founded, its highly centralised and paramilitary police organisation remained immune to scrutiny, and police performance and their relationship with the public have remained uncharted territories.  But lately, in response to leaking reports about rising crime levels and an escalating social control crisis, writers affiliated to the police organisation were quick to deny that a real crime problem exists.  However, some of those writers do admit that a serious social disorder problem is now brewing, and they find an urgent need to address the crisis.  According to them, any effective response requires a community orientated policing strategy to be applied immediately, even without debate or planning. The statement above raises three important questions.  First, does a social control problem really exist? Secondly, if yes, would a community policing (CP) approach address it?  And third, are the police and the public ready for change? To answer those questions, quantitative and qualitative data have been collected from a wide range of sources.  Results obtained from the data show clearly that the police are not the effective crime fighters they claim they are.  Further, although it has been found that the Saudi policing system is not without problems, a community policing approach, at least in the sense it is understood in the west, is incompatible with the Saudi culture.  Reasons for this incompatibility have been examined, and suggestions to improve the Saudi police performance have been made.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 13, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Since the economic cooperation and relaxation in politic between the Two Coasts, their relationships were getting closer. That included more active in marriage, corporate investment, education, academic discussion and tourism. Especially after the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) being signed in 2010, the relationships had been developed from politically mutual understanding to legal relationship in administration contract binding. Such model was different from Hong Kong or Macao. Since the relationship had changed from opposing to cooperation for mutual benefits, the economy was receiving more advantages and the political environment was more stable of which the development of economic was highly relying on this. As a result of the active economic cooperation of the Two Coasts, the marriage and residency between the Two Coasts were also increased. The acceptance of students from mainland to study in Taiwan caused mainland student population increased rapidly. The frequent and complex exchanges between the Two Coasts attracted certain parties trying to take illegal benefit by improper acts. They tried to make use on the differences in security and legal policies to avoid from investigation. Typical examples are the crime involved serious injury, fraud and economic offenses that affected the social orders of the Two Coasts. Policing System covered a wide scope from government organization, establishment of police force, residency, transport, communication, port services¡K etc to the investigation of criminal cases. No matter which point of view was taking from, the ¡§Community Policing¡¨ was always the foundation of Police Administration. It represented the ¡§peripheral organization¡¨ and ¡§integrated individual execution unit¡¨ under the huge police structure. The community residents¡¦ impressions on the Police Organisation were mostly coming from the ¡§Community Policing¡¨. Hence, citizen¡¦s understanding on Policing would be started from ¡§Community Policing¡¨. Nowadays the society was built with the city. The society¡¦s security was highly replying on the city¡¦s security. At the same time, the city¡¦s security was dependent on the non-existence of criminal acts from the ¡§Community¡¨. It showed that ¡§Community Policing¡¨ was of high importance to the National Security and the peaceful of the Society. The above statements formed the basic in this research. This research started from literature review in history, definition and the content of Community Policing. That focused in the worldwide Community Policing Policy, in particularly Japan and US, in terms of policy design and administration. In Chapter 3 Research Design Section, a review was conducted which was based on Professor Wang Ming Seng¡¦s Public Affair Management (PAM) and supported by the theory under SDM. This review analyzed the demand and its strength on Community Policing at different stages in history under different conditions. Such conclusion formed the comparison and cooperation basis between the Two Coasts in terms of social economy, legal framework, government policy and organization management. Then the public value of Community Policing was reviewed using public value V.C.S. theory. If the development and exchange between the Two Coasts generate public value, Governments of the Two Coasts can then make decision in cooperation accordingly. When the Governments promoting the cooperation between the Two Coasts in Community Policing, due to a wide consideration range and involved several areas of concern, it was necessary to unify the analysis by cross boundary analysis theory. The root problem could then be identified and decision proposal could be made according to the decision and judgment theory. On the other hand, such decision could be affected by the special non-rational ideology and political election strategy of Southern Taiwan. It tried to lead group behavior of Southern Taiwan so as to achieve personal political benefits. During the cross boundary analysis, the success rating of analysis and suggested proposals could be determined in ten steps with study behind the ideology. After strict theory analysis, the Community Policing practices of Kaohsiung City and Shanghai City were reviewed. Finally, the author summarized the findings from cooperation topics between the Two Coasts and offered suggestions to some queries under the findings. That formed references to interested parties in the production, government and academic organizations.

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