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Bluetooth Data collection technique is recently proven as a reliable data collection technique that provides the opportunity to modify traditional methodologies to improve system performance. Actual volume in the network is a result of the timing plans which are designed and modified based on the volume which is generated using existing timing plans in the system. This interdependency between timing plan and volume on the network is a dynamic process and should be captured to obtain actual traffic states in the network. The current practice is to calculate synthetic origin destination information based on detector volume that doesn't necessarily represent the volume scenario accurately. The data from Bluetooth technology can be utilized to calculate dynamic volume on the network which can be further used as input for signal timing design. Application of dynamic volume improves the system performance by providing the actual volume in system to design optimal timing plans. This thesis proposes a framework that can be used to integrate data obtained from the Bluetooth technology with the traditional methods to design timing plans. The proposed methodology utilizes the origin destination information obtained from Bluetooth data, detector data, characteristics of intersections such as number of lanes, saturation flow rate and existing timing plans as a basis for the calculation of the dynamic volume for the various movements at each intersection. The study shows that using the Bluetooth based OD matrix to calculate accurate dynamic volumes results in better system performance compared to the traditional way of using the static detector volume alone. / Master of Science

Since its release in 1999, Bluetooth has become a commonly used technology available on billions of devices through the world. Bluetooth is a wireless technology used for information transfer by devices such as Smartphones, headsets, keyboard/mice, laptops/desktops, video game systems, automobiles, printers, heart monitors, and surveillance cameras. Dozens of threats have been developed by researchers and hackers which targets these Bluetooth enabled devices. The work in this thesis provides insight into past and current Bluetooth threats along with methods of threat mitigation. The main focus of this thesis is the Bluetooth Threat Taxonomy (BTT); it is designed for classifying threats against Bluetooth enabled technology. The BTT incorporates nine distinct classifications to categorize Bluetooth attack tools and methods and a discussion on 42 threats. In addition, several new threats developed by the author will be discussed. This research also provides means to secure Bluetooth enabled devices. The Bluetooth Attack Detection Engine (BLADE) is as a host-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) presented to detect threats targeted toward a host system. Finally, a threat mitigation schema is provided to act as a guideline for securing Bluetooth enabled devices. / Master of Science

An electrophysiology research laboratory at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine in the Physiology/Pharmacology Department currently carries out memory research by recording neural signals from laboratory animals with a wire tethering the animal to nearby signal conditioning and recording equipment. A wireless neural signal recording system is desirable because it removes the cumbersome wires from the animal, allowing it to roam more freely. The result is an animal that is more able to behave as it would in its natural habitat, thus opening the possibility of testing procedures that are not possible with wired recording systems. While there are wireless neural recording systems in existence, this thesis presents a new approach to recording neural signals wirelessly. The firings of neurons in the hippocampus are manifested as action potentials or voltage "spikes" on the order of 100 to 400uV in magnitude. Though the information content of the neural signal is riding on these action potentials, the spikes comprise a small fraction of the complete neural signal. A unique feature of the neural signal transceiver presented in this thesis is its ability to digitally isolate and transmit the action potentials, leaving out the remaining, unimportant part of the neural signal. This approach to recording neural signals makes efficient use of the limited bandwidth available with portable short range wireless devices. This thesis will present the spike isolating neural transmitter, which was built using commercially available electronic components. Then, the proper function of assembly language code written for a PIC18F458 microcontroller will be demonstrated. Finally, a discussion of the performance of the neural signal transmitter will be provided. / Master of Science

No / Measuring piston crown temperature and pressure during engine development cycle is paramount. This paper presents a new development in short distance telemetry system which includes an on board power generation device. A mechatronic data acquisition system is developed whereby signal conditioning is performed by a module inside the piston and the signal passed to a Bluetooth transmitter module for wireless telemetry to a Bluetooth receiver located in very close proximity, connected to an external host PC. The Data Acquisition Bluetooth module integrates a microcontroller that reads the conditioned sensor signal and performs any other required functionality. The microcontroller firmware includes a server that collates the data and transmits them via Bluetooth to the host PC to display via a client interface. An independent power supply consisting of a rotor incorporating NdFeB magnets and a wire wound stator. As the crankshaft rotates the rotor induces an AC voltage into the stator. A rectifying circuit converts the AC voltage into a regulated DC output voltage that drives the signal conditioning and embedded Bluetooth circuits.

This thesis provides an implementation of consensus of multi-agent networked systems. Consensus problem is an important issue of distributed computing and has various algorithms and applications in the field of electronical and computer science. The consensus requests all nodes of a network reach an agreement over a certain measurement. An algorithm of convergent consensus problem is implemented through a small network of Bluetooth communication in the thesis. The connections of the Bluetooth devices are wireless, and the device nodes of the network are driven by C++ software and Winsock API. The simulation results show that the implementation completes all the requirements of the distributed consensus algorithm.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O progresso da indÃstria de telecomunicaÃÃes depende da fabricaÃÃo em larga escala de circuitos de baixo custo, alto desempenho elÃtrico, confiabilidade e passividade de miniaturizaÃÃo. Estas caracterÃsticas sÃo necessÃrias para garantir que os sinais transmitidos sejam confinados a uma freqÃÃncia bem definida, evitando assim sinais que possam interferir no desempenho satisfatÃrio de sistemas de telecomunicaÃÃes. As cerÃmicas dielÃtricas fornecem vantagens significantes em termos de compactaÃÃo, peso, estabilidade tÃrmica e custos de produÃÃo em dispositivos de micro-ondas, alÃm de possuir uma grande facilidade de integraÃÃo com outros circuitos integrados de microondas. Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento e caracterizaÃÃo de um novo tipo de material cerÃmico para ser utilizado como uma antena miniatura para aplicaÃÃes em Bluetooth (2.4 GHz). O trabalho està dividido em trÃs etapas. A primeira consiste em desenvolver um novo material que possua constante dielÃtrica (25 < Âr < 50), um alto fator de qualidade (Q > 5000) e um coeficiente de temperatura da freqÃÃncia de ressonÃncia (Âf ) prÃximo de zero. A segunda consiste em caracterizar o material desenvolvido atravÃs de DifraÃÃo de Raios-X e Espectroscopias Raman, Infra-vermelho e DielÃtrica. A Ãltima etapa consiste em fabricar e simular a antena feita com o material desenvolvido, comparando o desempenho teÃrico com o prÃtico. / The progress of telecommunication industry is highly dependent of the fabrication of low cost, quality factor and smaller size of the individual components for commercial applications. This kind of characteristics are necessary to warranty that the signal have well suited frequency, avoiding the noise interference signals, that could affect the performance of the telecommunication systems. Dielectric ceramics have significant advantages of light weight, low cost, small size, low profile, high radiation eficiency, low production cost and ease of integration with other active or passive microwave integrated circuit. This work will provide a new ceramic material that could be used in a miniature antenna for Bluetooth applications. This work is divided in three stages. The first one is develop a new material with a good dielectric permittivity (25 < Âr < 50), high quality factor (Q > 5000) and low temperature coeficient of resonant frequency (Âf ). The second one characterize the developed material by XDR, Raman, Infrared and dielectric spectroscopy in microwave region. The last one is build and simulate the antenna made with the developed dielectric material.

Este trabalho apresenta o projeto de um conversor digital-analógico (DAC) para ser usado em um transmissor RF no padrão Bluetooth. Um DAC é usado em um transmissor RF por que os sinais processados digitalmente devem ser transmitidos analogicamente para outras estações de rádio. Nesta aplicação especificações do conversor como: frequência de amostragem, resolução, Faixa dinâmica livre de espúrios (SFDR), Relação sinal-ruído (SNR) e não-linearidade integral e diferencial (INL e DNL), são determinadas pelo padrão de modulação do transmissor RF que neste trabalho ´e Bluetooth. Além de baixo consumo de potência e de área, condições necessárias para implementar um sistema portável. A arquitetura current-steering segmentada é adequada para este tipo de aplicação. Esta arquitetura se baseia em um conjunto de fontes de corrente, as quais são comutadas para gerar uma tensão de saída. O projeto das fontes de corrente num DAC current steering determina o comportamento dinâmico e estático. No entanto, na literatura muitos trabalhos não têm uma boa estratégia de projeto. Como uma solução, este trabalho apresenta um estudo das variáveis e uma estratégia para o projeto de um DAC nesta arquitetura. A estratégia de projeto proposta para as fontes de corrente, consiste em um processo iterativo onde as variáveis são ajustadas de maneira simples, cumprindo os requerimentos, minimizando o consumo de potência e atingindo as especificações. Além disso, neste trabalho é incluída uma análise teórica dos requerimentos estáticos e dinâmicos, além de uma nova estratégia para a implementação do layout com a qual se obtém um baixo consumo de área. O DAC foi projeto e implementado em tecnologia CMOS de 0,35?m 4M2P. Alguns resultados obtidos no teste experimental são: área ativa do layout de 200?m×200?m, Corrente de escala completa de 700?A (uma tensão de alimentação de 3,3V), INL=0,3LSB, DNL=0,37LSB, SFDR=58dB para um sinal senoidal de saída de 1MHz e 50MHz de frequência de amostragem, SFDR=52dB para um sinal senoidal de saída de 1MHz e 10MHz de frequência de amostragem. / This work presents a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) design used in a RF transmitter stage for Bluetooth applications. A DAC is used in a RF transmitter because digitally processed signals must be transmitted as an analog wave to other radio stations. The DAC design must fulfill specifications of: sampling frequency, resolution, Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Differential and Integral Nonlinearities (DNL, INL). These specifications are determined by the modulation standard of the RF transmission stage which in our work is Bluetooth. Also, low power and reduced area are required conditions to implement portable systems. Current-steering segmented architecture is suitable for this application [1]. It is based on an array of matched current sources that are switched to generate the output voltage. The Current sources design in a current steering DAC determines the converter\'s static and dynamic behavior. However, in the literature many works did not present a good design estrategy. As a solution, this work presents a study of the variables tradeoffs and a simple design strategy for current-steering segmented DAC design. The current source design strategy is based on an iterative scheme which variables are adjusted by a simple way, satisfying the requirements, minimizing.

Este trabalho apresenta o projeto de um conversor digital-analógico (DAC) para ser usado em um transmissor RF no padrão Bluetooth. Um DAC é usado em um transmissor RF por que os sinais processados digitalmente devem ser transmitidos analogicamente para outras estações de rádio. Nesta aplicação especificações do conversor como: frequência de amostragem, resolução, Faixa dinâmica livre de espúrios (SFDR), Relação sinal-ruído (SNR) e não-linearidade integral e diferencial (INL e DNL), são determinadas pelo padrão de modulação do transmissor RF que neste trabalho ´e Bluetooth. Além de baixo consumo de potência e de área, condições necessárias para implementar um sistema portável. A arquitetura current-steering segmentada é adequada para este tipo de aplicação. Esta arquitetura se baseia em um conjunto de fontes de corrente, as quais são comutadas para gerar uma tensão de saída. O projeto das fontes de corrente num DAC current steering determina o comportamento dinâmico e estático. No entanto, na literatura muitos trabalhos não têm uma boa estratégia de projeto. Como uma solução, este trabalho apresenta um estudo das variáveis e uma estratégia para o projeto de um DAC nesta arquitetura. A estratégia de projeto proposta para as fontes de corrente, consiste em um processo iterativo onde as variáveis são ajustadas de maneira simples, cumprindo os requerimentos, minimizando o consumo de potência e atingindo as especificações. Além disso, neste trabalho é incluída uma análise teórica dos requerimentos estáticos e dinâmicos, além de uma nova estratégia para a implementação do layout com a qual se obtém um baixo consumo de área. O DAC foi projeto e implementado em tecnologia CMOS de 0,35?m 4M2P. Alguns resultados obtidos no teste experimental são: área ativa do layout de 200?m×200?m, Corrente de escala completa de 700?A (uma tensão de alimentação de 3,3V), INL=0,3LSB, DNL=0,37LSB, SFDR=58dB para um sinal senoidal de saída de 1MHz e 50MHz de frequência de amostragem, SFDR=52dB para um sinal senoidal de saída de 1MHz e 10MHz de frequência de amostragem. / This work presents a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) design used in a RF transmitter stage for Bluetooth applications. A DAC is used in a RF transmitter because digitally processed signals must be transmitted as an analog wave to other radio stations. The DAC design must fulfill specifications of: sampling frequency, resolution, Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Differential and Integral Nonlinearities (DNL, INL). These specifications are determined by the modulation standard of the RF transmission stage which in our work is Bluetooth. Also, low power and reduced area are required conditions to implement portable systems. Current-steering segmented architecture is suitable for this application [1]. It is based on an array of matched current sources that are switched to generate the output voltage. The Current sources design in a current steering DAC determines the converter\'s static and dynamic behavior. However, in the literature many works did not present a good design estrategy. As a solution, this work presents a study of the variables tradeoffs and a simple design strategy for current-steering segmented DAC design. The current source design strategy is based on an iterative scheme which variables are adjusted by a simple way, satisfying the requirements, minimizing.

In this Master Thesis the possibility of connecting standard products wirelessly to MOST, a multimedia network for vehicles, is investigated. The wireless technique analysed is Bluetooth. The report theoretically describes how MOST could be integrated with Bluetooth via a gateway. Future scenarios that are made possible by this gateway are also described. The solution describes how a connection could be established and how the synchronous audio is transferred from a Bluetooth sound source to the MOST network. / I detta examensarbete studeras möjligheten att ansluta standardprodukter trådlöst till MOST, ett multimedianätverk för fordon. Den trådlösa tekniken som analyseras är Bluetooth. Rapporten beskriver teoretiskt hur MOST ska integreras med Bluetooth via en gateway och tar även upp olika framtida scenarier som möjliggörs med hjälp av denna gateway. Lösningen beskriver hur en förbindelse kan upprättas och ljuddata överföras från en ljudkälla till MOST-nätet med hjälp av Bluetooth-teknik.