A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of health sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Med) / Physiological anxiety symptoms are experienced as an overwhelming panic attack when the person cognitively interprets them as such. Fear is the emotion initiating the cognitive perception of personal doom which becomes largely influential on the future process of a sufferer's panic disorder. (Abbreviation abstract) / AC2017

Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-02

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2007. / Principal faculty advisor: Jeffrey B. Rosen, Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references.

The purpose of this study was to compare two bibliotherapeutic strategies (audio-only and audio-visual) as a means of reducing the reported fears of young children. Books and audio-visual materials selected for use were based on content related to young children's fears.The following null hypothesis was tested:There is no significant difference between the mean posttest scores on the Children's Fear Survey Schedule for:1. A group of children 3, 4, and 5 years of age in a selected child care center who have received 4 weeks of biweekly sessions of bibliotherapeutic intervention to reduce fears through hearing selected stories read aloud.2. A group of children 3, 4, and 5 years of age in a selected child care center who have received 4 weeks of biweekly sessions of bibliotherapeutic intervention to reduce fears through an audio-visual mode.3. A comparison group of children 3, 4, and 5 years of age in a selected child care received no intervention.The sample numbered 65 children who completed both significantly different, thus a one-way analysis of variance was used to test the hypothesis.Findings1. Results of the posttest (Children's Fear Survey Schedule) indicated a reduction in fear level by children in both bibliotherapeutic intervention strategies.2. The reduction was most notable in the group receiving bibliotherapy through the audio-only mode.3. Differences between the audio-only group and the comparison group were statistically significant at the .05 level of confidence.Children who participated in bibliotherapy through an audio-visual mode also showed a reduction in fear level but not to a significant degree. Children in the comparison group who received no intervention showed an increase in reported fears.Conclusions and RecommendationsIt would appear that there are beneficial effects of reading aloud to children to reduce children's fears. Further study was recommended in the following areas:Development of a more precise instrument, application of the strategies to different age groups, and analysis of results to identify possible differences between gender of subjects.

This thesis represents a culmination of work which seeks to examine the prelimbic and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during trace fear memory across sleep and wakefulness states. In order to accomplish this task, a technical platform needed to be developed. Accordingly, the first chapter demonstrates that fear behavior can recorded utilizing neck electromyography (EMG). The second chapter examines the role of the ACC in trace fear memory, discovering that many neurons have premotor activity related to freezing behavior. Additionally, auditory-evoked potentials in the ACC demonstrate learning curves which match learning curves of fear. We suggest that the ACC is involved in affective-motor integration. The third chapter examines how genetic enhancement of trace fear learning, with calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) over-expressed mice, can influence electro-cortical potentials during wakefulness, learning and sleep. We found that CaMKIV potentiates electro-cortical brain waves during learning and sleep. In particular 4-7.5Hz rhythms were potentiated in CaMKIV over-expressed mice during learning, and are likely to be localized to regions of the prelimbic cortex. Taken together the results of this thesis demonstrate that the trace fear memory paradigm engages the ACC and prelimbic regions, as evidenced at the single cell and cortical field potential level, for sensory-affective and premotor functions related to anticipating painful stimulation. CaMKIV appears to be a protein which modulates learning and electro-cortical potentials and may be a potential target for sleep-dependent memory consolidation in the prefrontal cortex.

This thesis represents a culmination of work which seeks to examine the prelimbic and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during trace fear memory across sleep and wakefulness states. In order to accomplish this task, a technical platform needed to be developed. Accordingly, the first chapter demonstrates that fear behavior can recorded utilizing neck electromyography (EMG). The second chapter examines the role of the ACC in trace fear memory, discovering that many neurons have premotor activity related to freezing behavior. Additionally, auditory-evoked potentials in the ACC demonstrate learning curves which match learning curves of fear. We suggest that the ACC is involved in affective-motor integration. The third chapter examines how genetic enhancement of trace fear learning, with calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) over-expressed mice, can influence electro-cortical potentials during wakefulness, learning and sleep. We found that CaMKIV potentiates electro-cortical brain waves during learning and sleep. In particular 4-7.5Hz rhythms were potentiated in CaMKIV over-expressed mice during learning, and are likely to be localized to regions of the prelimbic cortex. Taken together the results of this thesis demonstrate that the trace fear memory paradigm engages the ACC and prelimbic regions, as evidenced at the single cell and cortical field potential level, for sensory-affective and premotor functions related to anticipating painful stimulation. CaMKIV appears to be a protein which modulates learning and electro-cortical potentials and may be a potential target for sleep-dependent memory consolidation in the prefrontal cortex.

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 76 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-39).

Thesis (Ph. D.) in Psychology--University of Maine, 2001. / Includes vita. Advisory Committee: Sandra T. Sigmon, Assoc. Prof. of Psychology, Advisor; Jeffrey E. Heckler, Assoc. Prof. of Psychology; Mark Jackson, Director, Student Health Services; Michael A. Robbins, Cooperating Assoc. Prof. of Psychology; Geoffrey L. Thorpe, Prof. of Psychology. Bibliography: leaves 140-157.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 107 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-68).

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