There has been considerable dissatisfaction among prison authorities and other interested persons concerning the work and recreation programs of prisons in that they do not result in the rehabilitation of the delinquents incarcerated, but rather, that approximately 70 per cent return to prison. A correctional prison program must satisfy the needs of both society and the individuals concerned. This thesis undertakes a review of the total program at the Women's Division, Oakalla Prison Farm, B.C., to assess how far progress has been made in (a) providing an overall atmosphere of treatment while, at the same time, (b) meeting the custodial requirements of a provincial gaol. The method followed includes a detailed study of (a) the facilities and staff, (b) the inmate population, and (c) the routines of work and recreation. Their relation to the current administrative philosophy is historically and empirically assessed. Some case studies have been examined in order to demonstrate what effect, if any, the program has had on individual women. Although there have been studies and experiments of programs in correctional institutions, little attention has been paid to the peculiar needs of women in prison. The problem is to set up a program which at its simplest level will help the women to take responsibility for their own lives, to develop emotionally and socially and to provide them with education and skills that will enable them to take an acceptable place in the community. It is the conclusion of this study that, at the Women's Division, excellent use has been made of the existing facilities in the planning of a full program. The majority of the staff are interested in their work and with adequate leadership could function under a treatment scheme. What seems to be lacking, however, is a conscious structuring of the program and use of staff in accordance with accepted principles of treatment. There is a need for communication among administration and staff and inmates of the purposes and goals of institutional procedures. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

The subject of this is juvenile delinquency among the British Columbian Indian girls, but it is presented against a background of the living and opportunity conditions of the native Indian, especially the girl who leaves her home and comes unguarded to the metropolis. The study attempts to throw light on the causes of Indian delinquency and the current method of treating Indian offenders from a specific sample of cases. The main research material is taken from the Girls' Industrial School records of the girls of Indian blood (twenty in all), who were committed there between the years 1944 to 1948. The project was undertaken in full knowledge of the scant material available, but this very lack of material forms one of the findings of the study. So far as the records take the story, Indian delinquent girls show the same causes for their anti-social behaviour as White delinquent girls, but because they are Indian and part of a greater problem, negligible inquiries are made into the reasons for their actions, and their behaviour is explained as 'typically Indian'. Secondly the findings show that Indian girls are treated as an extraneous group. Their rehabilitation into society is unsuccessful because the British Columbian authorities are overwhelmed by the administrative difficulties involved, attention is at present concentrated on other delinquent problems which are not so complex. The conclusion is drawn that the fate of these Indian girls must promote greater awareness of the part social work could play in helping other Indian children. The conditions under which the Indians live are a discredit to Canadian welfare standards. It is evident that not only personal social services are needed, but-as with other delinquency problems - standards in homes, health and education must be raised. At present Indian delinquency is too isolated as a purely legal offence, a new approach is needed which will recognize it as a welfare problem as well as a criminal problem. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

M.Tech. / The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the homoeopathic complex remedy, Sepia® from Natura (Pty) Ltd. in South Africa, in alleviating climacteric symptoms in climacteric women as compared with a placebo remedy. Volunteers were recruited using flyers and posters placed at the Technikon Witwatersrand Clinic, and at pharmacies and health shops within the central Johannesburg area. Newspaper advertisements were placed in local newspapers advertising free homoeopathic treatment for climacteric symptoms by taking part in a research project. A sample size of forty subjects was chosen according to the delimitations of the study. A signed consent form was compulsory for participation in the study. The study was a two group experimental design consisting of an experimental group, who were administered Sepia®, and a control group, who were administered a placebo preparation. The study was conducted in a double-blind manner. The subjects were given sufficient medication to last for the duration of the study and were given instructions on how and when to take the medication, and how to store it. The duration of the study was eight consecutive weeks (two consecutive months). At the end of the treatment period there were fifteen subjects in the treatment group, and fourteen subjects in the placebo group During the treatment period the participants were required to fill out a Climacteric Symptom Questionnaire on a weekly basis and a Hot Flush Score Sheet on a daily basis. All the daily Hot Flush Score Sheets and weekly Climacteric Symptom Questionnaires were completed by each participant. They were collected after the eight week treatment period and subjects ceased taking the medication

The Texas Hispanic population is projected to grow to 18.8 million, almost tripling its number within the state, in only 30 years. This rapid growth is a concern for Texas higher education because this group has traditionally been under-represented in colleges and universities. Also, according to national, state, and local data, Hispanic students are retained at a lower rate than are other ethnic groups. Because of lower retention rates for Hispanic students and because the majority of Hispanic college students are female, an increasing number of Hispanic women are heads of households. Studying the attrition rates of Hispanic females could provide a better understanding of how the state can improve both the participation and retention rates of this population. This study utilized descriptive statistics and regression analysis to identify the correlations between and among the dependent variable of attrition and independent variables derived from (1) pre-college survey responses measuring college expectations and (2) early-first semester survey responses measuring actual college experience. Institutional data were used to confirm enrollment status at the beginning of the second semester. The sample of the study was all female, full-time, first-time-in college student survey respondents attending a public 4-year institution in Texas. This number included Hispanic females (n = 176), Caucasian females (n = 278), and African American females (n = 209). Although not a focus of the study, Caucasian and African American females were included to enhance the understanding of Hispanic females’ responses. The dependent variable of attrition in college attendance for Hispanic females correlated negatively with each two independent variables: (1) joining one or more campus organizations (r = -.252, p = 0.045) and (2) campus social life providing many opportunities for participation (r = -.272, p = 0.030). The dependent variable correlated positively with one independent variable, satisfaction with academic progress at the end of the freshman year (r = .301, p = 0.016). To have a positive impact on the attrition rates of Hispanic females, educators at Texas institutions of higher education must better understand Hispanic females’ college expectations.

This thesis provides an investigation of how gender stereotypes affect the narrative, mechanics, and experience of three different console based video games (Venetica, WET, and Velvet Assassin) with female protagonist. Each game is addressed within separate case study chapters and discusses how gender is integrated and intertwined with each narrative structure, image representation, and interactivity. Further analysis is provided in each case study as gender is addressed across several parts of each game, beginning with the female protagonist’s role as hero, her representation throughout the game (i.e. body image, attire, and weapons), and the game play experience. In conclusion, this thesis shows that the protagonist gender within a video game does affect the game in its entirety. More specifically, all three female heroines discussed in this thesis showcases stereotypes associated with the dominant sexual representation of female video game characters, as well as similar traditional feminine and masculine stereotypes associated with heroines in film and television. This provides for rather problematic representations of female heroes, alone with the games designed for them which are equally as stereotypical in their narrative, mechanics, and game play.

Helen Kotas was an accomplished musician and teacher who helped open the door for women in major US orchestras. In 1941 the Chicago Symphony hired its first female brass musician, principal hornist Helen Kotas. With that daring move, she became a pioneer for her gender in the major orchestras of North America. Despite her many contributions to the musical community, Kotas's life has not been researched and documented. This paper looks at Helen Kotas's career as well as a glimpse at her life and personality. In addition to documenting her life, this dissertation attempts to show at least a portion of Kotas's philosophy of teaching and horn playing. She was an accomplished horn soloist and studied the literature extensively. Kotas performed in the Chicago Civic Orchestra, the Woman's Symphony Orchestra, and Leopold Stokowski's All-American Youth Orchestra. Kotas was hired by Fritz Reiner as third horn of the Pittsburgh Symphony. When Frederick Stock, conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, heard that Helen Kotas was going to Pittsburgh, he insisted that she audition for the CSO. Kotas auditioned on the Concerto for Horn by Richard Strauss and the concertmaster said, "Hire her!" She performed as principal horn with the orchestra until Artur Rodzinski was hired as conductor in 1948 and replaced Kotas with Philip Farkas. Following her time with the CSO, Kotas was principal horn of the Chicago Lyric Opera and taught at the Sherwood and American Conservatories. She was an active soloist and premiered works by Arne Oldberg and Hugo Kauder.

This dissertation seeks to explain the puzzle in the state politics literature which expects females to benefit from the enactment of term limits, but initial research finds the number of female in office decreases after the implementation of term limits. Examining this puzzle involves three separate stand-alone chapters which explore female candidate emergence (1), success rates (2), and women-friendly state legislative districts (3). The goal of the dissertation is to reconcile the puzzle while adding insight into how female candidates behave at the state-level. Overall, I find that term limits increases female descriptive representation by increasing the likelihood a female candidate will run and win an election.

Globally, and within South Africa women are not well represented in the top echelons of leadership. Maria Ramos, the current Group Chief Executive of Absa Group Limited, is ranked the 11th most powerful woman internationally as rated by Fortune magazine. A need exists to empower women. By obtaining insights into one woman's success, it may be able to be replicated, to fast track an equitable female representation at executive management levels much sooner than the 40 years currently envisioned. The research methodology is a case study, whilst adopting a qualitative approach through the use of semi structured interview questions. An analysis of Maria Ramos's career within the context of career anchors, gender barriers and enablers that helped her overcome the career barriers were performed. This study has contributed to literature by highlighting that there is no single driver for the ascendance to the top leadership position. There is evidence to suggest that there is a link between career anchors, specifically challenge incorporating the love of complexity and a rise to prominence. Androgynous leadership, positive self perception, social capital and mentoring provided a good foundation. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

No description available.

More than "100 million girls and women worldwide have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and more than three million girls are at risk for cutting each year on the African continent alone" (Population Reference Bureau 2009). The practice is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women, and constitutes an extreme form of discrimination against women. Research has shown that reasons given for continuing the practice of FGC vary widely across cultural and social contexts. Little research has been conducted towards understanding and predicting attitudes toward FGC, which in turn can help inform program policy in the hopes of better understanding the socio-cultural complexities inherent in the practice of FGC. This study suggests that with increased levels of education support for FGC decreases. Additionally, access to media was shown to have a significant impact on support for the practice. This study found that men and women experience and are influenced by media in different ways. Media based abandonment programs must acknowledge the gender gap in media access and direct their programs towards the most appropriate outlet for the target group. This study‟s most significant finding is that the strongest predictor of a woman‟s attitude towards FGC is whether she herself has undergone the procedure. Women who have undergone FGC will likely support the continuation of the practice. Encouraging these women to forgo the practice and let their daughters experience their bodies differently from their mothers is the greatest challenge abandonment programs face.