This study is an inquiry into a period of fiscal policy in which the author believes lie the roots of the present dislocation of the Greek economy. If economic progress means improvement in the efficiency of the use of our means to attain our ends, this period offers nothing but a decline; and the decline in productivity is the outstanding feature of this era which had dramatic consequences for the growth of Greek economy. [...]

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This dissertation is concerned with the spatial dimensions of tourism and related physical planning issues, focusing on Greece. It explores relevant research in this area, analyses the structure of tourism at different spatial levels, and relates tourism's spatial structure to planning parameters. Within the W.European context, tourism's growth and spatial structure reflects a process of leisure division (tourism demand and consumption differentiation) attributed to (i) marked inter-country differences regarding socioeconomic, supply-attraction and accessibility factors, and (ii) the international organization of the tourist industry: the influential role of tour operators and airlines in controlling market size, price of the tourist product (TP), and transport links. Tourism's spatial structure in Greece is influenced by both endogenous and exogenous factors: (i) the country's socioeconomic development process, territorial structure and regional accessibility, and the organizational mode of the Greek tourist industry and relevant government policies (investments), and (ii) the way Greek regions are connected with the international travel system, and are affected by tour operations; the latter, building on existing locational advantages, and reinforcing development in "established" places. Physical planning, confined within a legalistic frame of restrictive measures, is weakly related to economic and sectoral planning; negatively affected by administrative-institutional constraints (inadequate planning system, legal-statutory frame, planning organization); ineffectively integrated into a planning process characterized by limited political commitment to, and social awareness and acceptability of planning action. The ineffectiveness of tourism and physical planning to influence endogenous or exogenous factors, underlying tourism's spatial structure, is evidenced by the absence of any substantial rapport between the kind of physical development taking place, and concurrent planning practices. The advanced "territorial profiles" and tourist policy proposals provide: (i) a methodological frame, conceptualizing tourism's organization on a territorial basis, for interrelating and integrating economic, sociocultural and physical dimensions in tourist development planning, and (ii) a planning guidelines-frame suggesting the main policy directions for TP and market restructuring, and for improving physical and tourism planning practice in Greece.

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Humans have experienced neoplastic disease since antiquity as evidenced by its frequent mentions in numerous ancient medical texts from diverse cultures. However, the skeletal record does not always corroborate this fact, as archaeological cases of neoplasms are not found as often as other more recognizable diseases. Numerous reasons have been given for this disparity ranging from cancer killing the individual before skeletal lesions could form to the idea that tumours simply do not survive in the archaeological record. As such neoplasms are not often considered when constructing a differential diagnosis and to a larger extent the disease is considered to be a product of the modern age. This thesis examines the identification of neoplasms in archaeological bone using clinical data and comparison to medically diagnosed cancer cases from the University of Athens Human Skeletal Reference Collection. I also developed diagnostic criteria and data forms specifically designed to record and describe neoplastic lesions. This enabled me to develop differential diagnoses for suspected cancer cases in skeletons from the Athenian Agora, ancient Corinth, the Wiener Laboratory at the American School of Classical Studies in Athens and the Anthropology Department of the University of Waterloo. Using the comparative collection, I worked toward identifying characteristics that would make it possible to identify neoplastic lesions and distinguish between primary and secondary malignancies. An unexpected finding was demonstrating that lesions associated with leukemia are similar to those of scurvy, a metabolic disease, and must be considered in differential diagnoses. The methods I employed may be applied elsewhere to other suspected cases of cancer and thus enable more research in cancer???s prevalence in antiquity. This will support the public issue that cancer is not a disease of modernity and that attempts to treat and understand this disease has always been a part of medical history.

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The aim of this thesis is to examine the evidence for the performance of a cult of the dead in LH III Greece with emphasis placed mainly on the material evidence from the typical Mycenaean tombs in the central areas of the Mycenaean dominion, viz. the Argolid, Korinthia, Attica, Boeotia and Euboea during the acme of Mycenaean civilization, that is the LH IIIA-B period. Chapter I presents the rationale and the aim of the thesis as well as the regional and chronological boundaries. Chapter II covers the theoretical background of the thesis by investigating general questions on ritual recognition in the archaeological record and on definitions of ancestor worship. A detailed presentation of the previous arguments on the Mycenaean cult of the dead is given and the 'artificial landscapes' of LH IIIB Mycenae are discussed with focus on Grave Circle A. New approaches and perspectives are proposed, namely a new definition of the term `cult of the dead' and a series of indicators of cultic activity to be applied in the study of the Mycenaean ancestor worship. Chapter III deals with funerary art and the artistic expression of Mycenaean eschatological beliefs. The Mycenaean belief in the survival of the soul and the journey of the dead to the Underworld, and the multiple function of terracotta figurines in LH III funerary agenda are assessed with this framework. The possibility of new perspectives and approaches via detailed contextual exploration of Mycenaean symbolic systems is discussed in the final part of this chapter. Chapter IV combines three broad issues, namely the location of cemeteries, tomb design and eschatological symbolism. Special reference is made to the connection between cemeteries and the religious significance of water and the rites of passage. The metaphysical symbolism of the tripartite plan of the typical Mycenaean tombs is also examined. Chapter V investigates the ritual act of attributing sacred honours and offerings to the ancestors by drawing parallels from contemporary religious observances. The first part deals with the significance of libation and sacrifice in honour of the dead. The second part explores the religious significance of secondary burial treatment and suggests that the custom signaled the starting point in Mycenaean ancestor worship. The existence of places especially designed for the performance of a cult of the dead is investigated with emphasis placed on the `Cenotaph' at Dendra. The objective of Chapter VI, which presents the conclusions of the thesis, is to place the evidence for the performance of a Mycenaean cult of the dead into a `historical' narrative and to investigate the reasons behind the establishment and practice of this cult.

This study deals with the archaeobotany of the West House, a Late Bronze Age house at Akrotiri, on the island of Thera, Cyclades, Greece. The island is also known as Santorini. Due to a volcanic eruption (c.1600 B.C.) which covered the whole town with ash, the settlement site of Akrotiri, has been preserved in its pristine state. This enables us to find all the storage contexts within the West house in an ash-sealed state, with absolute certainty of contemporaneity of contexts, structures and material culture. This thesis examines the results of archaeological contexts for botanical data, to provide information on agriculture, crop processing and storage. Preservation of seeds was in the form of charred, silicified, and mineralized material. Our spectrum of crops has increased with the addition of two species: cf.Lathyrus clymenum and Lupinus cf.albus, thus increasing the number of cultivated pulses known from the Late Bronze Age Aegean. Crops were cf. Lathyrus clymenum (a new find as a L.B.A. crop), Lens culinaris, Pisum sativum, Hordeum vulgare, H.distichum, Triticum monococcum. Other important crops included Ficus carica, Vitis vinifera and Olea europaea. A third group of possible crop plants included Lathyrus cicera/L.sativus, Lupinus cf. albus, Vicia ervilia, Linum usitatissimum and Coriandrum sativum. The find of crops in the latest stage just before consumption is unique for archaeobotanical material and includes split legumes, bulgur-type cracked barley, and flour. Work was also carried out on segetal and ruderal weed seeds to provide information on crop processing, field fragmentation, field contamination, and insect infestation.