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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 macedo_mhha_me_botfm.pdf: 349266 bytes, checksum: 7d77758a26025e4bc84c18172c4da334 (MD5) / Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde (FEPECS) / O presente estudo avaliou 99 pacientes com diagnóstico colpocitológico de células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC), no Distrito Federal (DF). No ano do estudo, foram realizadas 101.948 colpocitologias oncóticas (CO) na rede de saúde publica do DF. Destas, 1.454 correspondiam a células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado, possivelmente não neoplásicas (ASC-US) e 324 a células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado, quando não se pode excluir lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (ASC-H). Foram incluídas no estudo 99 pacientes com citologias de interesse, e realizadas biópsias de colo uterino cujos resultados histológicos revelaram 77 normais e 22 alterados com neoplasia intraepitelial de grau moderado ou maior (NIC2+), e colhidas novas colpocitologias. As novas colpocitologias foram analisadas na central de Citopatologia do DF, as colposcopias foram realizadas por um único observador, e os estudos histológicos por um mesmo patologista. Foram feitas 99 biópsias com os seguintes resultados: 77 normais e 22 com alterações evidenciando neoplasia intraepitelial de alto grau. Entre as colpocitologias iniciais com diagnóstico de ASC-H 50% apresentaram NIC2+ à histologia. A colposcopia mostrou sensibilidade e especificidade de 63,6% e 87,0% (IC 95%), respectivamente. Os valores preditivos positivos foram 6,66%, 26,30% e 9,09% (IC de 95% ) para a primeira colpocitologia, para a segunda colpocitologia e colposcopia. Os valores preditivos negativos foram, para os mesmos métodos diagnósticos 98,74%, 98,43% e 99,15%. Os fatores associados a presença de lesão NIC2+ foram tabagismo, estado civil, número de parceiros, uso de anticoncepcional hormonal, e início da vida sexual ativa entre 13 e 16 anos. Os resultados histológicos de ASC, tanto ASC-US como ASC-H... / The current study evaluated 99 patients diagnosed with vaginal smear atypical squamous cells (ASC) of underdetermined significance in the Federal District (FD). During the year of studies, 101,948 oncotic colpocytologies (OC) were undertaken in public service in the FD. Of these, 1,454 corresponded to atypical squamous cells of underdetermined significance, possible non-neoplasia (ASC-US), and 324 corresponded to atypical squamous cells of underdetermined significance when high grade intraepithelial neoplasia cannot be excluded (ASC-H). Patients with cytology interest were called. 99 biopsies were undertaken whose histological results revealed 77 normal and 22 altered with moderate or higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (NIC2+) and a new colpocytology was taken. The new colpocytologies were analyzed at the Cytology Central of the FD, the colposcopies and hystologies were carried out by a single observer, but different. Ninety-nine biopsies were done with the following results: 77 normal and 22 with changes showing high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (NIC2+). Among the initial colpocytology with a diagnosis of ASC-H, 50% showed NIC2+ at histology. Colposcopy showed a sensitivity and specificity of 63.6% and 87.0% (95%), respectively. Positive predictive values were 6.66%, 26.30% and 9.09% (IC of 95%) for the first colpocytology, for the second colpocytology and colposcopy. The negative predictive values were, for the same diagnostic methods 98.74%, 98.43% and 99.15%. Factors associated with lesion NIC2+ were smoking, marital status, number of partners, use of hormonal contraceptive and beginning of sexual activity between 13 and 16 years old. The histological results both of ASC-US, and ASC-H comprise a wide variety of diagnoses ranging from normal to severe lesions as carcinomas. This finding... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Abstract A prospective population-based study was conducted to assess the incidence, diagnosis, histology, treatment and survival of lung cancer in northern Finland. The results were compared with those obtained in a similar survey 20 years earlier. In a population of 440,000, altogether 602 lung cancer patients, 510 men and 92 women, were diagnosed during the years 1990 - 92, the annual incidence per 100,000 being 63 for males and 9.5 for females. Lung cancer was confirmed histologically in 381 cases (63%) and in addition, cytologically in 135 cases (23%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histologic type (40%), the proportion of adenocarcinomas being 26%, small-cell carcinomas 24% and large cell carcinomas 4%. The age-standardized incidence of lung cancer had decreased significantly among males (from 87 to 63 per 100 000) compared to the situation 20 years earlier but increased among females (from 4.1 to 9.5), mainly due to adenocarcinoma. The 5-year survival rate had improved during 20 years from 4% to 12% (p < 0.001). The differences in survival between the histological types (χ2logrank = 59.2, p < 0.0001), TNM stages (χ2logrank = 199.6, p < 0.001), symptomatic stages (χ2logrank = 120, p < 0.001) and treatments (χ2logrank = 277, p < 0.001) were also significant. A total of 20% of the patients were operated on in the newer series of patients, the corresponding percentage in the earlier series being 16%. The 5-year survival of the patients who had been operated on had increased from 23% to 48%. The survival of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma had increased significantly, even though the patients were older now than earlier.In seventy operated lung cancer patients, the histological tumor types and grades were compared with the etiological factors of lung carcinoma, including cigarette smoking and asbestos exposure. A majority of the patients (93%) were smokers. The incidence of adenocarcinoma among non-smokers had remained the same, 50%. The accumulation of the p53 protein in lung carcinoma was associated with heavy smoking. Exposure to asbestos fibers either by a positive history or by a number of asbestos bodies (AB) in the histological sections of lung tissue was also associated with p53 accumulation. Benign intrathoracic tumors are uncommon, and their occurrence in unselected populations is poorly defined. Thirty-six benign intrathoracic tumors were found. A histologic diagnosis was available for 24 (67%). Hamartoma was the most common benign lung tumor.

Introduction: During the last decade, our institution saw a 260% increase in bilateral breast reconstruction cases, consistent with national trends. We reported a drop in average age of prophylactic mastectomy from 57 to 51 years. There is limited data on the likelihood of histological abnormalities in this population. This study measures the prevalence of occult histological findings in prophylactic mastectomy patients. Given the current healthcare reform climate, we estimate the lifetime cost implications of prophylactic mastectomy with immediate reconstruction vs. surveillance. Methods: A retrospective database of breast reconstructions at the Massachusetts General Hospital was searched from 2004 to 2011 for prophylactic mastectomy patients. Breasts with prior biopsy-proven LCIS, DCIS, or cancer were excluded. Patient demographics, risk factors, and pathology reports were collected. Lifetime treatment reimbursements were estimated with 2013 rates from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services using Medicare billing codes. Reimbursements were estimated for 45-year-old patients undergoing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy and 40-year-old patients undergoing bilateral prophylactic mastectomies, and then were compared to women opting for surveillance. Conversion rates to cancer in these patients were used to estimate the percentage patients in the surveillance groups that would need therapeutic mastectomy. Sensitivity analyses were done to test the robustness of the models. Results: 495 prophylactic mastectomy specimens were identified, of which 2.0% had invasive cancer, 4.4% had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and 10.9% had lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) as the highest-risk lesion. Only age group was predictive of finding DCIS or cancer (P=0.02). The likelihood of finding LCIS, DCIS, or cancer increased with age group (P<0.001) and decreased with prior bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO)(P=0.02). In almost all scenarios, lifetime reimbursements were lower for pursuing either contralateral or bilateral prophylactic mastectomy, with immediate single-stage implant, expander, or abdominal perforator free flap (DIEP) reconstruction, as compared to surveillance. Conclusions: Prophylactic mastectomy patients have a significant rate of occult histological findings, increasing with age group and decreasing with prior BSO. Lifetime cost estimates suggest a cost-saving role in bilateral and contralateral prophylactic mastectomies. Ultimately, such a critical decision needs to be made individually, but should not be hindered by cost concerns. This study addresses a gap in knowledge with broad interest, contributing evidence of oncologic risk and cost to help guide decision-making in prophylactic mastectomy.

Fresh and prepared museum specimens of the white shark Carcharodon carcharias, bull shark Carcharhinus leucas, and salmon shark Lamna ditropis were measured and compared with respect to tooth position and anterior buccal cavity dimensions. Coordinates of functional tooth position were defined by 1) deviation from the midline and 2) degree of erection. Tooth positions were not unique in any region of the mouth/ but demonstrated less variablity within 30° of the midline, particularly for male specimens of all three species (71.48° +- 10° erect) and all Carcharhinus leucas specimens (46.58° +-.96° erect). Analysis of high-speed videotape of white shark feeding indicated a 15.7° reduction in tooth cutting angle with jaw adduction following upper jaw protraction. It is suggested that such changes in tooth cutting angles during feeding are principally the result of jaw flexure, and may make the teeth more effective by angling them inward towards the gullet. Values for tooth removal from fresh-frozen white shark material using a tensile testing apparatus ranged from 12 kg (for a 110° erect tooth) to 70 kg (for a 59° erect tooth). Removal load was applied directly outward from the mouth to simulate a resistant prey item, and was not significantly different for degree of erection or tooth position on the jaw margin. Tooth position is seen to change with jaw protraction, however this change does not enhance tooth functionality by increasing the load required to remove the tooth. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 1993 / Three-dimensional forensic facial reconstruction involves the building up in clay of the soft tissues of the human face onto an unidentified skull to suggest the identity of its owner. Early researchers physically punctured the facial tissues of cadavers at known anthropological to measure their depth. Later workers used radiography, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging for collecting both depth and surface data on the head and face. / GR 2016

This laboratory is involved in physiological and histochemical studies of olfactory tissue grown in cell culture in an attempt to create an in vitro model of the olfactory system. The present study is an in-depth ultrastructural study of the morphology of cultured olfactory cells to determine the extent of similarities and differences between cultured tissues and the intact olfactory system in vivo.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Eighteen adult human skulls with "normal occlusion" were examined with oriented lateral, 15, 25, 45, 75, and 90 degree cephalograms from which the mesio-distal axial inclinations of the teeth were measured. This study indicates that a large variation of the mesio-distal axial inclinations of the teeth may occur and still have a "normal occlusion". The standard deviations varied from a maximum of 11.0 degrees for the maxillary third molar to a minimum of 3.4 degrees for the maxillary cuspid. Rotation of the midsagittal plane of the head with the film effected the measurements of the maxillary first molars and cuspids, and the mandibular bicuspids by producing divergence of their roots on the film image. No relationship was found between measurements of this sample and measurements of mandibular plane, A-B plane, Y-axis, facial angle, angle of convexity, Down's occlusal plane, lower incisor - A-Pg, and interincisal angle. A positive relationship was found between the measurements of this sample and the posterior one-half of nasal floor, posterior occlusal plane, and the labiolingual axial inclination of the lower incisor.

No / We have assessed the histological preservation of naturally degraded human hair shafts, and then assayed each for levels of amplifiable mitochondrial DNA and damage-associated DNA miscoding lesions. The results indicate that as sample histology is altered (i.e. as hairs degrade) levels of amplifiable mitochondrial DNA decrease, but no correlation is seen between histology and absolute levels of mitochondrial DNA miscoding lesions. Nevertheless, amplifiable mitochondrial DNA could be recovered across the complete range of the histological preservation spectrum. However, when template copy number is taken into consideration, a correlation of miscoding lesions with histology is again apparent. These relationships indicate that a potential route for the generation of misleading mitochondrial sequence data exists in samples of poor histology. Therefore, we argue that in the absence of molecular cloning, the histological screening of hair may be necessary in order to confirm the reliability of mitochondrial DNA sequences amplified from hair, and thus represents a useful tool in forensic mitochondrial DNA analyses.