This study investigates JIT implementation practices and performance in manufacturing and service organizations in the US. Literature related to JIT usage and performance in both sectors is reviewed. A field study is then conducted to investigate the actual implementation experiences of a selected group of service and manufacturing users of JIT. Our findings from the literature and the field study are used to develop four research hypotheses that are tested using survey data from 130 manufacturing and 61 service firms. Manufacturing and service firms that had engaged in modifications such as operator and management training and improving linkages with suppliers prior to implementing their JIT systems experienced less implementation problems and achieved higher levels of success than firms that placed less emphasis on these modifications. This paper details and discusses these and other results from our study. In addition, managerial implications of our findings are presented.

Introduction: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has steadily increased in recent decades, presenting a serious risk to public health and significant burden on individuals, healthcare systems, and society more broadly. Early intervention family-based lifestyle programs are an efficacious intervention for addressing childhood obesity. However, many studies have not included a process evaluation which can limit future scale-up of efficacious interventions. The Family Healthy Living Program (FHLP), an evidence-based, stakeholder-informed family-based healthy living intervention for children with a BMI-for-age ≥85th and their families was developed and piloted in British Columbia. The free 10-week program, based on the multi-process action control theory, utilized a blended delivery model consisting of 90-minute weekly group sessions plus online lessons, four community-based activities and four maintenance sessions. Topics included healthy eating, physical activity, sleep, screen-time, positive mental health, food and physical literacy, and behavior change techniques. Eleven programs ran in seven BC communities (September 2018-April 2019). Purpose: To evaluate the recruitment, intervention content, delivery, and implementation of the FHLP for quality improvements and to inform decisions about potential scale-up. Methods: A mixed-methods concurrent triangulation process evaluation design with equally-weighted qualitative and quantitative data was used and represented one component of a Type I hybrid effectiveness trial for the FHLP Study. Implementation was evaluated at both family and program delivery levels. Family measures were reach, recruitment, dose received, satisfaction, and facilitators and barriers to participation. Program delivery measures were adoption, fidelity, acceptability, feasibility, compatibility, and facilitators and barriers to program implementation. Qualitative data was collected through interviews and focus groups with parents, program leaders, recreation centre managers, and program support team. Quantitative data was collected from parent and child satisfaction surveys, weekly program leader surveys, attendance forms, and online lesson analytics. Quantitative descriptives were generated using SPSS. Qualitative interviews were recorded and transcribed using Transcriptive™ software, and analysis conducted using NVIVO. A framework analysis approach was applied. Results: 132 families were eligible (n=211 enquiries), and 79 families (88 children) registered (42%). 55 families (63 children) started the program and 80% completed. Of those, 82.5% of families attended 70% of sessions. 26% of families accessed 30%+ of core online lesson content. Average contact time was 17.7 hours (range 12.78-25.02). Family participation facilitators were: free of cost, location, sibling inclusion, and complimentary recreation passes. Participation barriers were: other commitments, illness, transportation, and scheduling. Program acceptability/satisfaction across parents and children was high, with satisfaction ratings over 4/5 for all measures. Seven of the nine (78%) communities originally identified as pilot sites implemented the program. Fidelity was 73.5% across program components (range 42-95%). At the delivery-level, implementation facilitators were high compatibility and feasibility, context (support from recreation centre, having qualified staff), and resources (room availability, manual, equipment, grant funding). Barriers to implementation were recruitment, small group size, attendance, and limited time to deliver material. Interviews showed program leader acceptability/satisfaction across all sites. Conclusions: The FHLP was acceptable and feasible for families and program delivery partners, but recruitment, attendance, and on-line engagement were implementation challenges. Program adjustments are recommended prior to scale-up. / Graduate / 2021-08-26

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master Of Education in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University Of Zululand, 2017 / This study was influenced by the persistently poor performance of learners in Accounting in the uThungulu district. The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education has revealed that in 2012 the poor performance in most districts was caused by teachers’ poor knowledge of the content in the subject of Accounting. The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education has also revealed that the challenge of curriculum implementation is caused by the use of an unclear methodology. The main purpose of this study was to identify strategies that would improve the implementation of the Accounting curriculum to provide effective approaches for quality education. This study briefly aimed at (a) determining the level of teachers’ command of the content knowledge in teaching Accounting; (b) establishing whether teachers are equipped with appropriate teaching approaches to teach Accounting; and (c) identifying challenges experienced by the Accounting teachers’ in teaching the subject in the uThungulu district. This study provided new ideas to all role players in the implementation of the Accounting curriculum on how they can use approaches in curriculum implementation to improve learners’ academic performance. It also provided insight into shortcomings that might be a challenge in implementing the Accounting curriculum. Various items in the literature were reviewed to give depth to the study. The methods of the case study were used, and twelve teachers were interviewed and observed in the classroom from four circuits under one circuit management. The analysis of data from both structured interviews and observations was separately presented. Three themes, with subthemes, were formulated from both structured interviews and observations. The following are some of the recommendation that arose from this study: The Department of Basic Education must work in collaboration with the Department of Higher Education to sharpen teachers’ content knowledge; qualified trainers must be used to train teachers on teaching strategies; the Department of Basic Education must work with the Department of Higher Education and accounting professional bodies to develop a handbook on teaching strategies which may help in teaching accounting at high school; The matric Accounting paper must be divided into two; and the Department of Basic Education must review the curriculum content, hours for teaching EMS, and all other challenges on teaching and learning EMS.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Education in the Department of Educational Psychology & Special Education of the Faculty of Education at the University of Zululand, 2007. / The aim of this investigation was to establish educators' perceptions of the implementation of inclusive education. From the literature study it emerges that inclusive education constitutes a challenge to the education system in South Africa, in particular to mainstream educators. Successful implementation of inclusive education requires educators to have a positive attitude, be flexible and critical, creative and innovative in their approach to teaching and learning. Educators are expected to have the necessary knowledge, skills, competencies and support to accommodate a wide range of diversity among learners in an inclusive classroom. They must be able to select appropriate teaching strategies to achieve specific outcomes. Effective inclusion will only stay a dream if educators do not have the necessary training, support systems and appropriate resources. For the purpose of the empirical investigation a self-structured questionnaire, to be completed by educators from primary schools, was utilised. The data obtained from the completed questionnaires were analysed and commented on by means of descriptive statistics. In conclusion a summary was presented on the findings of the literature review and empirical investigation and the following are some of the recommendations that were made: > Opportunities for in-service training regarding inclusive education must be made available to mainstream educators. > The Department of Education must provide adequate support to educators concerning all aspects of inclusive education.

Recently, Albania has had major transition from a state-controlled to a market economy. The economic reformation has led to widespread liberalization of prices, external trade, and domestic marketing. These changes have been positive for some segments of the economy, but to date the forestry sector has been negatively affected by the transition. The decline of forest resources accelerated and continues. Inefficiencies, price distortions, government fiscal austerity, rapid expansion of livestock, and illegal harvesting point to further deforestation. This study identifies the social and political factors leading to the decline of Albania's forest resource through an examination of relevant information. Then, using the process approach of policy analysis, it assesses the barriers and incentives that impede or distort the intended effect of the current policy implementation. Third, it suggests new policies and/or changes with the aim to manage the forests sustainability and to attract investments in Albanian forestry. Policy issues for areas and sectors important or related to forestry, including agriculture, livestock industry, tourism, and rural development are discussed. Successful implementation of forest policies will be achieved by encompassing all issues pertinent to rural development. The focus is on formulation of forest policy, the evaluation of the current forest law, the role of the statute in the policy process, and guidelines in the preparation of the laws. However, the enactment of laws alone cannot ensure the success of a policy. Special consideration is given to the implementation part of the process, especially interpretation, organization, application; tools (regulations, incentives, taxation), opportunities/constraints, priorities and suggestions for successful implementation. Finally, the topic of evaluation is addressed: its intention, possible analytical techniques and standards of performance, role and expectations of participants and analysts, and major obstacles to an effective evaluation. Recommendations include changes in existing policies to allow the transfer of some state land to private and communal ownership, the expansion of the national parks to include more old-growth forests, and the adoption of concessionaires for the management of the state forests. Other policy proposals, such as a massive reforestation effort, promotion of community-oriented forest management, and forest certification, follow. / Ph. D.

<p>The basic concepts of batch, conversational, and incremental computing are presented along with a brief discussion on their influence on computing.</p> <p>The design and implementation consideration for the assembly language implementation of a simple incremental assembler is presented. An assembler, to accept simple assembly language programs which are scanned as they are received and assembled into machine code, has been implemented on the Hewlett Packard 2100A computer and is discussed in full detail. The assembler has been designed to execute incomplete programs such that debugging print out of registers and specified core locations is possible. The assembler also provides an editor to perform delete, insert and replace operations on user programs input to the assembler.</p> <p>The assembler is oriented for the naive user, but it assumes the user has a small knowledge of assembly language programming. Important considerations in writing interactive programs are also discussed.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

In this thesis I argue that US Military and Civilian leadership in Iraq, while both well-trained and well-intentioned, implemented a failed strategy that sought to fill institutional gaps within various national and sub-national governmental entities. This strategy provided short-term gains by increasing the capacity and capability of Iraq’s government to deliver public goods and services to its citizens thereby improving government legitimacy. Yet, in the long-term, a largely decentralized approach to development, a maladaptive transition plan, and an illusory estimate of the capacity of the security apparatus within Iraq proved detrimental to the broader US strategic objectives and state-building efforts in Iraq.

With the merger of judicial supervision and mandated treatment, drug courts have given rise to therapeutic jurisprudence and attempt to address those issues which have plagued corrections policymakers for several decades. The evaluation literature indicates that drug courts tend to produce lower recidivism rates, increased retention rates and lower costs when compared to traditional programs. However, as drug courts approach their second decade, there is a void in the literature regarding the implementation of drug court programs. This study specifically examined those factors which either facilitate or challenge the implementation of drug court programs. This study examined implementation issues from a bottom-up and top-down perspective. In order to examine these issues, the perceptions of drug court judges and administrators in five states were obtained through the administration of a survey instrument. Examination of the influence of government factors upon the implementation of drug court programs yielded interesting findings. A host of factors appear to influence the implementation of drug court programs, including federal, state and local agencies and actors. Respondents consistently identified state and local actors as being the most supportive and influential of the efforts to create and implement drug courts. Of those, the most common actors were public defenders and the district attorneys. If opposition to drug courts existed, the respondents indicated that local law enforcement or the general public were generally the sources of the opposition. In addition, there is clearly a more positive view of the influence of state and local actors when compared to their federal counterparts. From a policy perspective, the results of this research reveal that innovative programs for criminal offenders can thrive in conservative states. Four states in the sample are southern states with Utah being the only non-southern state, yet one which is typically regarded as conservative in terms of social policy and political values. Despite the conservative character of these states, drug court programs are thriving. Moreover, actors and agencies within these states appear supportive of innovative programming within the criminal justice system which is markedly different from the traditional approaches supported by conservatives.

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