Research has demonstrated that many factors affect levels of religiosity in American religion. This study extends the research on the relationship between cohort membership and public religious participation and individual personal involvement. Most of the research pertaining to the effects of cohort on religiosity has been devoted to comparisons between the Depression Era and Baby Boom Cohorts. This study extends research in this area by including Generation X to the extent possible. Using the General Social Surveys, this analysis employs an age/period/cohort analytical framework to examine religious involvement. Sociodemographic variables that are associated with religiosity are included in the analysis. Directions for future research on variations in religiosity measures are discussed.

<p>This thesis summarizes the findings of two studies, one qualitative and one quantitative, that examined the participation of adults with class III obesity in occupations of everyday living which included work, self-care, recreation and rest. The results of this research form the basis of the three manuscripts included in this thesis.</p> <p>The purpose of the first study was to describe the experience of living with obesity in the context of participation in daily activities and to identify factors that constrain or facilitate participation. Using a descriptive, phenomenological approach, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 adults who were enrolled in an obesity treatment program. This analysis revealed themes that underscored the tensions, barriers and coping strategies across and within occupations of everyday living. The quality and diversity of occupation was influenced by several barriers within their environment such as inaccessible physical spaces and negative attitudes towards persons with obesity. Participants described their lives as being "on-hold" until weight was lost. Findings from this study were used to develop a larger, cross sectional survey.</p> <p>The purpose of the cross sectional survey (study number 2) was to describe how adults with class III obesity spend their daily time and to identify factors that predict participation in the occupations of everyday living. An analysis of data collected (n= 128) using the Occupational Questionnaire revealed that the distribution of time spent across activities classified as work, daily living, recreation and rest was similar to the time use of adults with chronic health conditions. A multiple regression analysis (n=140) resulted in a model in which factors including social support and disability status explained 35% of the variance in satisfaction with participation.</p> <p>Results of these studies contributed to a better understanding of the daily experience of participation in the occupations of everyday living for adults with class III obesity and the factors that best predict satisfaction with participation.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Abstract Not Provided. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

Thesis (Sc.D.)--Boston University / Community participation has been regarded as a goal for people with rehabilitation needs, but there is a lack of consensus about the definition and measurement of community participation. In addition, there is limited knowledge about the community participation of individuals who are homeless. This dissertation contains three studies aimed at furthering our understanding about community participation among individuals who are, or were previously, homeless. Study 1 systematically reviewed instruments that measure community participation in people with disabilities and compared these instruments by analyzing the content based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Perspective (ICF) classification. Seventeen instruments were identified as containing community participation items. None of these instruments covered the full breadth of community participation domains, but each addressed community participation to some extent. Furthermore, most of the instruments lose precision by treating diverse activities as a single concept. [TRUNCATED] / 2018-09-01

Islamophobia, a form of discrimination targeting Muslims and individuals perceived to be Muslim, has been found to adversely affect health by disrupting various personal, social, and institutional systems within an individual and their environment (Samari, 2016). With reports of anti-muslim sentiments rising globally (Samari, 2016), Islamophobia deserves attention as a source of negative health outcomes and health disparities, yet little is known regarding the implications of Islamophobia for occupational therapy assessments and practice. This study aims to explore how Islamophobia impacts the participation of Muslim Americans in education, work, social activities, and other areas of occupation. A survey was conducted with 108 Muslim Americans, who shared their experiences and perceived effects of Islamophobia on their daily lives. Survey results indicated a significant correlation between experiences of Islamophobia and mental and emotional well-being, social connections, and self-expression and identity. Data collected also provided information regarding Islamophobia in different occupational settings. The study's findings shed light on research gaps within occupational therapy, particularly regarding the role of occupational therapists in addressing the impact of Islamophobia and racial and religious discrimination. This study proposes next steps to enhance the profession's understanding and capacity to effectively address the consequences of Islamophobia through various facets of occupational therapy, including assessment, intervention, education, and advocacy. / Temple University. College of Public Health / Health and Rehabilitation Sciences

No description available.

No description available.

Yes / Peacekeeping has come a long way since the basic principles which define it were laid down by Lester Pearson and Dag Hammarskjold, to guide the deployment of the first full UN mission, UNEF I, in 1956. Since 1956, it has been generally accepted that peacekeeping is a function of the UN, but there are occasions when it has been used by international and regional organisations other than the UN, and there are operations which can be seen as early uses of peacekeeping which predated the formation of the UN in 1945. After the First World War, for example, multinational military bodies were used to establish and administer the new frontiers of Europe agreed by peace treaties after the war. Also after the First World War the League of Nations conducted activities which were comparable in some respects to peacekeeping. However, since 1945 peacekeeping has been the technique most frequently used by and associated with the United Nations to terminate conflicts and establish peace, so much so that the organisation was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for its peacekeeping activities in 1988 and indeed Pearson and Hammarskjold, the two people who ‘invented’ peacekeeping as a so-called chapter six and a half activity of the UN were also awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957.

Yes / Within western cultures, the term `public participation¿ has strong positive connotations, and is associated with the promotion of democracy. The contention of this paper is that these invocations of democracy - although not entirely inaccurate - obscure the varied and tangible effects of public participation on wider policy processes. Drawing on Sharp and Connelly 2001, this paper argues that participation should not be analysed in terms of the type of democracy it invokes, but rather in terms of the extent and nature of its influence on the policy process. In particular, the policy process is examined for conflict between participants over (1) the extent of participation, (2) the nature of participation and (3) the influence of the participation, as well as (4) the outcomes to which it leads. This approach to the analysis of participation is demonstrated through a study of one element of participation in an authority¿s Local Agenda 21 process. The paper concludes that participation is inherently political and practitioners need to act strategically to manage participation in support of progressive agendas.

Thèse ou mémoire avec insertion d'articles / L'objectif général de cette thèse est de comprendre la participation politique des parents dans les prises de décision au sein des conseils des commissaires au Québec, notamment depuis l'adoption du projet de loi 105 modifiant la Loi sur l'instruction publique (LIP) en 2016. Ce projet de recherche se décline en trois objectifs spécifiques répartis respectivement dans trois articles scientifiques. Le premier objectif spécifique (article 1) est de faire une analyse des écrits dans l'optique d'apporter un éclairage sur la participation des parents dans la gouvernance de l'éducation au Québec. Plus précisément, il s'agit de décrire, à partir de la littérature existante, les perceptions des différents membres des instances décisionnelles de l'éducation sur cette participation des parents, mais surtout les facteurs qui la favorisent ou qui la freinent. Les résultats de l'analyse des vingt (20) publications retenues à l'issue de cette recension révèlent une divergence entre les perceptions des parents et celles des autres acteurs scolaires (enseignants et directeurs d'écoles) souvent mitigés quant à l'implication des parents dans les prises de décision portant notamment sur les questions pédagogiques. Les résultats de cette recension indiquent également que malgré l'existence de plusieurs facteurs favorisant cette participation parentale, des obstacles, souvent présentés comme étant principalement liés aux parents eux-mêmes, limitent leur implication dans les prises de décision. Le deuxième objectif spécifique (article 2) est de décrire les bases de pouvoir et les stratégies politiques qu'utilisent les commissaires-parents pour influencer les prises de décision au sein des conseils des commissaires au Québec notamment depuis l'adoption du projet de loi 105 modifiant la LIP. À l'aide d'une recherche qualitative de type descriptif, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été menées auprès de treize (13) participants (6 commissaires-parents, 4 commissaires élus, une directrice générale et deux directeurs généraux adjoints) rattachés à deux commissions scolaires (CS) de la région de Québec. Les résultats issus d'une analyse de contenu thématique montrent que les commissaires-parents disposent des bases de pouvoir structurel et conjoncturel leur permettant d'influencer les prises de décision. Les résultats montrent également que les stratégies politiques déployées par les commissaires-parents sont liées à leurs bases de pouvoir et consistaient notamment à utiliser les parents à la base comme source d'informations pertinentes et à se mettre en coalition avec d'autres membres votants. Le troisième objectif spécifique (article 3) vise à comprendre les perceptions des commissaires-parents, des commissaires élus et des directions sur la participation politique des parents dans les prises de décision au sein des conseils des commissaires depuis l'adoption du projet de loi 105 modifiant la loi sur l'instruction publique. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, une étude de cas multiples a été réalisée en utilisant les mêmes commissions scolaires et le même échantillon que dans l'article 2 avec lesquels nous avions effectué des entrevues semi-dirigées. Les données collectées ont fait l'objet d'une analyse de contenu. Les résultats de cette recherche permettent de constater une évolution significative dans la participation des commissaires-parents dans les prises de décision au sein des conseils des commissaires de deux CS de Québec. Alors que leur rôle était réduit à un pouvoir consultatif, depuis l'adoption du projet de loi 105 en 2016, les commissaires-parents prennent désormais une part active dans les décisions au sein des CS. De plus, la possession du droit de vote et l'augmentation de leur nombre apportent plus de légitimité et de reconnaissance aux commissaires-parents, mais également un rapport plus égalitaire entre les membres des instances décisionnelles des CS. Les résultats de notre thèse donnent une meilleure compréhension de l'implication politique des parents dans les instances de gouvernance intermédiaire de l'éducation. Ces résultats permettraient d'apporter les améliorations nécessaires pour valoriser le rôle des parents dans la gouvernance scolaire, notamment en instaurant une culture organisationnelle reconnaissant l'importante ressource que constituent les parents. / The general objective of this thesis is to understand the political participation of parents in the decision-making process of the councils of commissioners in Quebec, particularly since the adoption of Bill 105 amending the Public Education Act (PEA) in 2016. It is broken down into three specific objectives, each of which is divided into three scientific articles. The first specific objective (article 1) is to analyze the literature with a view to shedding light on parental participation in the governance of education in Quebec. More specifically, the aim is to describe, based on the existing literature, the perceptions of the various members of the decision-making bodies in the field of education on this participation of parents, but especially the factors that promote or hinder it. The results of the analysis of the twenty (20) publications retained at the end of this review reveal a divergence between the perceptions of parents and those of other school actors (teachers and school principals), who are often mixed as to the involvement of parents in decision-making, particularly on pedagogical issues. The results of this review also indicate that, despite the existence of several factors favouring parental participation, obstacles, often presented as being mainly linked to the parents themselves, limit their involvement in decision-making. The second specific objective (article 2) is to describe the power bases and political strategies used by parent commissioners to influence decision-making within the councils of commissioners in Quebec, particularly since the adoption of Bill 105 amending the Public Education Act (PEA). Using descriptive qualitative research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen (13) participants (6 parent commissioners, 4 elected commissioners, one director general and two assistant directors general) from two Quebec City area school boards. Results from a thematic content analysis show that parent commissioners have the structural and situational power bases to influence decision-making. The results also show that the political strategies deployed by parent commissioners are linked to their power bases and included using parents at the grassroots level as a source of relevant information and coalition building with other voting members. The third specific objective (article 3) is to understand the perceptions of parent commissioners, elected commissioners, and principals about the political participation of parents in decision-making on councils of commissioners since the passage of Bill 105 amending the Education Act. In order to achieve this objective, a multiple case study was conducted using the same school boards and the same sample as in Article 2 with whom we had conducted semi-structured interviews. The data collected was subjected to a content analysis. The results of this research reveal a significant evolution in the participation of parent commissioners in the decision-making process of the councils of commissioners of two Quebec City school boards. While their role was reduced to an advisory capacity since the adoption of Bill 105 in 2016, parent commissioners have now taken an active part in decisions within the SBs. Moreover, the possession of the right to vote and the increase in their number have brought more legitimacy and recognition to the parent commissioners, but also a more egalitarian relationship between the members of the decision-making bodies of the SBs. The results of our thesis provide a better understanding of the political involvement of parents in intermediate educational governance bodies. These results can be used to make the necessary improvements to enhance the role of parents in school governance, by establishing an organizational culture that recognizes the important resource that parents constitute.