En este trabajo vamos a analizar la representación de la memoria, individual y colectiva, en la novela Amuleto (1999) del novelista y poeta chileno Roberto Bolaño, con la finalidad de mostrar la importancia de la memoria para la construcción de la novela. La investigación está dividida principalmente en dos apartados: un análisis narratológico y un análisis sobre teorías de la memoria. En la primera parte del análisis se colocarán los diferentes actantes en un esquema actancial para evidenciar sus respectivas funciones e importancia dentro del texto. En la segunda parte se analizarán más en profundidad algunos apartados de la novela a partir del esquema actancial, con la ayuda principalmente, de las teorías e ideas sobre la memoria de Maurice Halbwachs, Paul Ricoeur y Márcio Seligmann-Silva. Hemos llegado a la conclusión de que Auxilio, la protagonista de la novela,  construye, con la ayuda de su memoria individual, una representación histórica de México de los años sesenta y setenta. A partir de ello, la novela de Bolaño se presenta como una narración importante, puesto que está en contraste con otras versiones de un hito en la historia mexicana. / In this paper we will analyse the representation of memory, individual and collective in the novel Amuleto (1999) by Chilean novelist and poet Roberto Bolaño, with the intention of showing the importance of memory for the construction of the novel. The investigation is primarily divided into two parts: a narratological analysis and an analysis of theories regarding memory. In the first part the different actants will be placed in an actancial model to evidence their function and importance in the text. In the second part we will do an in-depth analyses of some passages of the novel, according to the actancial model with the help of theories on memory presented by among others Maurice Halbwachs, Paul Ricoeur, Márcio Seligmann-Silva and Héctor Schmucler. We have come to the conclusion that Auxilio, the protagonist of the novel, constructs a representation of the history of Mexico in the sixties and the seventies. Accordingly, the novel by Bolaño is an important narration seeing that it represents a contrast to other versions of a milestone in Mexican history.

Syftet med studien är att analysera förändringen i de svenska partiernas politiska program genom att tillämpa Public Choice skolans modeller. Med hjälp av medianväljarteoremet och Hotellingmodellen analyseras om modellerna är tillräckligt beskrivande för Sveriges partiförflyttningar. Vidare beräknas Herfindahl-Hirschman index för graden av maktkoncentration på den politiska ”marknaden”. Herfindahl-Hirschman indexet visar att koncentrationen på den politiska marknad blivit lägre över tid, viket indikerar på att konkurrensen mellan partierna blivit allt högre under perioden 1973-2014. För att analysera om det går att förklara förändringar i partiernas politik under perioden 1973-2014 tillämpas medianväljarteoremet. En diskussion kring testning av modellen görs samt en illustration hur medianväljarteoremet skulle kunna se ut för Sveriges partier. För att analysera om en endimensionell skala är beskrivande för de svenska partiernas förflyttningar har Hotellingmodellen tillämpats. Genom att illustrera dessa två modeller på Sveriges partier undersöks om modellerna ger en tillfredställande beskrivningar av förändringen i de svenska partiernas politiska program. Analysen ger vid handen att att Medianväljarmodellen inte förklarar förändringarna i partiernas politik på ett tillräckligt utförligt sätt. Hotellingmodellen kan bättre förklar både de svenska partiernas förflyttningar på vänster-högerskalan samt förändringar i partiernas politik. Utöver de nämnda modellerna konstateras att den enskilda faktor som är mest betydelsefull för hur partierna ändrat sina politiska program är partiernas beroende av väljarnas åsikter. / The aim of the study is to analyze changes in the Swedish political parties programs by applying the Public Choice approach. With help from the median voter theorem and the Harold Hotelling model, the paper analyzes if these models are sufficiently descriptive of Swedens political parties movements. A Herfindahl-Hirschman index is constructed which shows changes in concentration of political power over time. The Herfindahl-Hirschman index shows that the degree of concentration in the Swedish political “market” has become lower over time, which indicates that the party competition has increased during the period 1973-2014. In order to analyze whether it is possible to explain changes in the parties’ policies during the period 1973-2014 the median voter theorem is applied. A discussion about how this model can be tested is done as well as an illustration of how the median voter theorem could look like for the parties in Sweden. To analyze whether a one-dimensional scale is descriptive of the movements of the Swedish parties, the Harold Hotelling model is also applied. By illustrating these two models on Swedens parties, the paper investigates whether these models provide a satisfactory descriptions of the change in the Swedish parties political programs. The analysis concludes that the median voter theorem does not explain the changes in the parties politics in a sufficiently detailed manner. It is revealed that the Harold Hotelling model provides a better description for both the Swedish parties movements at the left-right scale and for the changes in the parties politics. In addition to the models mentioned the factor that that is most important for how the parties changed their political programs is the parties’ dependence of the voters opinions.

Cette thèse examine la politisation dans un régime autoritaire à travers l’étude de deux mouvements rock contestataires en Biélorussie. Le rock « national » s’est constitué en tant que mouvement artistique dans les années 1980 autour de la production de la musique contemporaine d’inspiration occidentale chantée en langue biélorusse et de la promotion d’une vision hétérodoxe de l’« identité nationale ». Le tournant autoritaire des années 1995-1996 a provoqué la repolitisation contestataire de ce mouvement artistique. Les acteurs du rock « national » continuent de revendiquer le statut « underground » tout en aspirant à la professionnalisation dans le cadre du système de production commercial. C’est aussi au milieu des années 1990 qu’un autre mouvement contestataire se constitue – le rock anarcho-punk DIY imprégné des conventions du modèle Do it yourself internationalisé. Ce mouvement proche des groupements anarchistes prône l’amateurisme, la production artistique restreinte et le radicalisme des prises de position. Sur l’exemple de ces deux mouvements artistiques, la thèse étudie les logiques de politisation et les modes de contestation. / Based on a study of two protest rock movements in Belarus, this thesis examines the phenomenon of politicisation in an authoritarian regime. The “national” rock emerged in the 1980s as a modern artistic movement inspired by Western music conventions. Singing in Belarusian, this scene aspired to promote a heterodox vision of “national identity”. The authoritarian turn in 1995-1996 provoked protest re-politicisation of this artistic movement. “National” rock musicians continued to claim the “underground” status, while aspiring to professionalisation and commercial production. Against the backdrop of the authoritarian change, another protest movement emerged in the mid-1990s. Following the internationalised Do-It-Yourself model, the DIY anarcho-punk is closely linked to anarchist groups and promotes amateurism, limited artistic production and radical political expression. Based on the example of the two artistic movements, this thesis studies the logics of politicisation and the modes of political protest.

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Political endeavours of identitarian movements Abstract: Aim of this thesis is defining and analyzing identitarian movements via explorative approach. Identitarian movements are school of thought and authors, who are bound together by common enemy and common political goals. They do have political ambitions, but were not yet capable of making important changes. With the help of contextual theories and analysis of movements strategy this thesis will explore if identitarian movemenst are capable of political succes and why do they struggle in doing so.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to answer research questions concerning the attitudes of the President of the Czech Republic Miloš Zeman selected political subjects and their chairmen to migration. For selected political subjects the goal is to find out what attitude they are whether their election programs from 2013 and 2017 include the issue of the migration crisis or if so how much this issue is in the programs. For the research where selected political entities which exceeded the threshold for entry into the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic at least in one case of the Parliamentary elections in years 2013 and 2017. Researched political subjects are: ANO, ČPS, ČSSD, KDU-ČSL, KSČM, ODS, SPD, STAN, TOP 09 and Úsvit. The analysis deals with which attitudes to the migration crisis have the chairmen of selected political subjects, whether they change over a given time frame and whether they agree with the political entity they represent. The thesis also deals with the attitude of the President of the Czech Republic Miloš Zeman to the migration crisis and whether it changes during the specified period of time. The researched time period is from January 2013 to December 2017. Research is done through quantitative content analysis. Variables of analysis are: refugee crisis...

A number of digitization projects undertaken by archival organisations in Africa failed to realise their goals of ensuring preservation and access of records. This is partially due to the lack of strategies to move from analogue to digital records. Despite many guidelines, standards and software systems developed by national archives, coalitions, professional associations, research groups and commercial organisations, digital records are still a challenge to manage. This study explored the strategies adopted by the African National Congress (ANC) in digitizing its liberation archives with a view to capturing lessons learnt. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with purposively selected employees of the African National Congress, Multi Choice, Africa Media Online and Nelson Mandela Foundation who were involved in the repatriation and digitization project of the liberation archives. Interview data were augmented through document analysis and observation. The key findings revealed that the ANC established an archives management committee that played an important role in the repatriation and digitization of liberation archives. The committee utilized former liberation struggle members to identify records in various ANC missions in different countries. It was established that although the ANC was aware of where its records were abroad, not all its records were repatriated to South Africa after the unbanning of the liberation movements. Furthermore, the finding revealed that the ANC relied heavily on Multi Choice and Africa Media Online as its archivists were not trained in digitization. A number of lessons learnt with regard to digitization of liberations archives are captured. The study concludes by demonstrating the importance of having a strategy in digitizing archival holdings. It is recommended that this study should be extended to other liberation movements in eastern and southern Africa. / Information Science / M. Inf.