Since being named as one of the BRICs nations by Goldman Sachs in 2003, Brazil has gained global attention for its rapid development. Under the leadership of their two latest Presidents, Lula and Dilma Rousseff, Brazil has tried to capitalize on their substantial economic potential with the hope of developing their own nation in the long run. This culminated in Brazil being awarded the two megaevents, the World Cup in 2014 and the Olympics in 2016, that were supposed to serve as symbols for the advancement and international relevance of Brazil. Today Brazil faces an internal struggle as they try to preserve their economic potential while the government tries to keep hold of the trust of the nation. The last few years have shown growth within Brazil, but every positive step domestically seems to come with dramatic repercussions. While Brazil may not have the same potential as it did in 2003, there is still much room for economic growth, both domestically and internationally. It is now the job of the government to shift their focus back to the domestic sphere in order to ensure that the progress the nation has made to become their regional and global power is not undone by domestic turmoil.

A Educação Profissional é uma modalidade de ensino intimamente atrelada à inserção dos indivíduos no mundo trabalho, uma vez que tem como premissa a sua relação entre educação e trabalho. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a evasão escolar nos cursos subsequentes do Colégio Estadual de Pato Branco (CEPB) através da realização de um diagnóstico sobre o fluxo de matrículas nos cursos e a mensuração dos índices de evasão identificados neles no período compreendido entre os anos de 2007 a 2012, bem como buscar identificar quais os seus fatores causadores. Para tanto a pesquisa foi dividida em duas fases, a primeira de caráter quantitativo em que foram analisados relatórios escolares da instituição para coleta de dados e mensuração do fluxo de matrículas e cálculos dos índices de evasão e a segunda fase de caráter qualitativo através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas para a identificação dos possíveis fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência do abandono escolar. Identificou-se que os cursos técnicos subsequentes do CEPB registraram índices elevados de evasão no período de 2007 a 2012, sendo que os maiores valores estão relacionados com os cursos de Técnico em Administração e Técnico em Informática, sendo que o primeiro período do curso onde são registrados os maiores índices de abandono. Identificou-se também que a evasão nos cursos subsequentes se manifesta de forma complexa e resulta de uma correlação entre diversos elementos, sendo os sociais e econômicos os mais relevantes na decisão do aluno em abandonar o curso de formação profissional. / The Professional Education is an area of teaching deeply interrelated to the insertion of the individuals in the world of work once under the premise of their relationship between education and work. This study aimed to depict the school evasion in the subsequent courses of Colégio Estadual de Pato Branco ( CEPB) through the realization of a diagnosis about the flow of the enrolments in the courses and the measure of the identified indices of evasion in the period between 2007 to 2012, as well as to identify what are the factors that are causing that. For that, the research was divided in two different stages, the first as a quantitative one which comprehended to analyze the school institution reports in order to collect data and measure the enrolments flow and the calculation of the evasion indices, and the second one as a qualitative research through semi structures interviews in order to identify the possible factors that contribute to the school dropouts. It was identified that the CEPB technical subsequent courses registered high level of evasion during the period of 2007 and 2012, considering that the highest levels were on the Administration and Informatics Technic courses and, the first years of courses have the highest levels of evasions. It was also identified that the dropouts in the subsequent courses show complexity and results of a correlation of several elements being the social and economics the most relevant for the decision of abandoning the professional education course.

Distributed online discussion events in social media are increasingly used as sites for open, informal professional development, knowledge sharing and community formation. Synchronous chat events hosted on Twitter have become particularly prominent in a number of professional domains. Yet theoretical and critical analysis of these Twitter chat events has, to date, been limited: this thesis contributes to the development of such analysis through a socio-material, network assemblage lens employing trans-disciplinary and multi-method research approaches. This research positions the Twitter chat events as the relational effects of network-assemblages of human and non-human actants. This thesis explores Twitter chat events with a particular focus on human resource development (HRD) as a professional domain that is widely seen as inherently changeable, fluid, contested and continually emergent. This study examines how practitioner-generated reportage of professional practice interact with the specific functions of Twitter to generate definitions of HRD as a professional field of practice. A combination of descriptive statistics, Social Network Analysis and analysis of the content and structure of the Chat events has been employed in researching 32 separate chat events with 12,061 tweets. The research methods generated multiple readings of the research data and surfaced different and fluid potential lines of enquiry in to the Twitter chat events. A number of these potential lines of enquiry were then selected as points of entry to ‘zoom in’ to the data using a Critical Discourse Analysis for a smaller sample of the chat events. The assemblages of the chat events are collective achievements involving human and non-human actants. The collective effects surfaced in the research problematise (a) the notion of online communities as the product of network ties and (b) the humanist orientations of much of the literature on professional learning. Within the Twitter chat events, HRD is constructed as a profession in crisis as the traditional bases of professional identity are eroded. The practitioners participating in these events position HRD as increasingly less relevant to its constituent audiences, clients and customers and as locked into organisational assemblages that cut-off the potential for new trajectories for the field to emerge. The chat events normalise technological and societal imperatives that create work intensification, demand committed lifelong learners and venerate precarious relations of employment. Hence, the domain of HRD is enacted as subservient to a new-capitalist discourse that emphasises adaptability, innovation and speed. A key finding of the research is that, in response to these challenges, the Twitter chat events seek to generate an idealised archetype of HRD bounded by a stable set of dominant practices. These practices emphasise the importance of self-directed learning, autonomous working and the capacities to cope with continuous change. Learning and development is positioned as the responsibility of the individual to enhance their employability within increasingly competitive labour markets. Thus, the idealised archetype of HRD is aligned with conceptualisations of a global post-industrial capitalism and with a notion of ‘enterprising selfhood’.

abstract: There is a nationwide gap in which African American, Hispanic and low-income students perform significantly lower than their peers. Research suggests that teachers hold lower expectations for these students resulting in lower achievement. There are four main factors that influence teacher expectations: stereotypes, teacher self-efficacy, school culture, language and formal policies and programs aimed at increasing teacher expectations. The purpose of this study was to inquire into the following questions: (1) What are the factors that influence teachers' academic expectations for low-income and minority students? (2) What are teacher's perceptions on the effectiveness of formal policies and programs that are aimed at increasing teacher expectations? More specifically, do teachers feel that top-down formal policies, such as teacher evaluations, uniform curriculum, and performance-based pay are effective in impacting their expectations, or do teachers believe that bottom-up policies, such as book studies and professional learning communities, make more of an impact on increasing their expectations? Ten teachers were interviewed in a school district that is consistent with the state and national achievement gap. The findings revealed that teacher expectations are influenced by the four factors I found in the research as well as two other factors: a cultural disconnect among teachers and students and teachers' level of motivation. A combination of top-down and bottom-up formal policies and programs are needed as teachers are individuals and all respond to various forms of formal policies and programs differently. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ed.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2011

abstract: ABSTRACT Teachers working in isolation to overcome instructional challenges are left to their own devices, but teachers working together can benefit from others' perspectives. Teacher collaboration can increase communication and open doors to increased collective knowledge and rapport. Collaborative knowledge sharing and decision-making that focus on student achievement can go far in improving instructional learning. This action research focused on increasing collaboration among members of a middle school team of teachers. Involving teachers in a collaboration development processes was intended to improve productive interactions and contribute to instructional learning as a professional learning team. Study participants were involved in an eight week professional development initiative that involved techniques to promote collaboration along with instructional learning tools to promote professional learning in regard to guiding students to high levels of cognition. A mixed methods set of data was generated including a research journal, artifacts, surveys, meeting transcriptions, and interviews. Findings concluded that focusing on collaboration contributed to positive changes in the middle school team's interactions. Setting and revisiting norms of collaboration were crucial steps in this focus, leading to increased buy-in and active participation during team meetings. Focusing on relevance contributed to multiple aspects of the team's instructional learning. Participants valued their collaborative efforts especially when they found direct links between their professional learning and their individual classroom situations. Focusing on an action plan also contributed to participants' instructional learning. Setting manageable short terms goals gave the team direction and fostered accountability. Finally, working as a professional learning team contributed to the team's instructional learning. Taking the time to meet frequently allowed teachers to share classroom experiences, assist one another, and develop professionally. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ed.D. Leadership and Innovation 2011

This thesis explores the nature of teacher collaboration for professional learning, key enabling and inhibiting factors, and their implication for the development of a culture of collaboration for professional learning in Kazakhstani schools. The current teacher professional development reform initiative in Kazakhstani secondary education has incorporated teacher collaboration as a strategy to encourage teachers to take ownership of innovations and changes. The underlying assumption for it is that when teachers engage in professional collaboration, there is both an individual and collective benefit. However, an increasing scepticism that followed the initial enthusiasm about the benefits of teacher collaboration in Western countries, where a second look at collaboration from a cultural and micropolitical perspective identified the contradictions between human agency and power, voluntarism and determinism, action and settings. Against this background, this study was undertaken to examine the Kazakhstani teachers’ beliefs, values and attitudes towards collaboration and interdependence. The study draws upon case study data gathered in three purposefully selected Kazakhstani schools. The first two schools represent Kazakhstani schools established during the Soviet communist era. One of them is selected from among the comprehensive rural schools and the second is a gymnasium located in a district town. The third one is an autonomous school tasked to serve as a platform to pilot a new reform initiative before its dissemination to all the mainstream schools of the country. Each case-study was covered during a six-to-seven week period, which corresponds to a term in a school year in Kazakhstan. The findings demonstrate the dependence of teachers’ personal beliefs and values about teacher collaboration on micropolitical, school organisational culture, and socio-political factors, mainly inherited as a legacy of the Soviet education system, as well as ambiguities in the understanding and implementation of reform initiatives dictated from the top. The study suggests that Kazakhstani school history and the culture of the teaching profession possess the potential to overcome these barriers, for there is a tradition of peer evaluation and peer observation in the system with teachers expected to observe and be observed by other teachers on a frequent basis within an appropriately defined school organisational structure, which historically is seen by the authorities as a means of control. The study concludes that it is of particular importance to build on the momentum of the recent reform initiatives and help teachers to develop agency by providing the support and conditions conducive to the continued development of professional learning communities based on teacher collaboration for learning.

There is an assumption that the ways in which teachers engage with policy are known, yet there is very little evidence to demonstrate how teachers engage with new policies and how this engagement patterns their approach to curriculum development (Kulinna, Brusseau, Cothran, & Tudor-Locke, 2012). Previous research has not clearly distinguished between teachers’ understanding of policy discourses and their subsequent enactment of curriculum. An opportunity to do so arose with the introduction in Scotland of a new curriculum. This new curriculum, Curriculum for Excellence (CfE), intended to provide a framework within which teachers would exercise professional judgment and engage in School Based Curriculum Development (SCBD). The Scottish Government determined the overarching policy for education and Local Authorities were responsible for overseeing the development of the curriculum. CfE intended to empower teachers by encouraging innovation with the proviso that key experiences deemed to be central for pupil learning were addressed. This study aimed to provide insights into the process of SBCD in physical education as teachers prepared for the first year of teaching CfE. The research questions therefore focused on developing an understanding of how the lead teachers tasked with designing the physical education curriculum, within a newly formed curriculum area of health and wellbeing, had engaged with policy and enacted the curriculum. In order to gain a fine-grained understanding of curriculum leaders’ experiences of SBCD, this study drew its sample from a single local authority. The study adopted a research design of repeated interviews with nine teachers who led curriculum development in their respective schools. Two related orders of SBCD as reported and experienced by curriculum leaders emerge from the study: first order SBCD pertains to the process of engagement with policy discourses; and second order refers to the activities associated with the enactment of the curriculum. The findings reported in this thesis showed that events organised by the local authority to support teachers led to the development of a professional learning community which facilitated teachers' active engagement in SBCD. This active engagement required careful tailoring of new developments to the constraints and affordances of their individual schools. First order SBCD was a complex process of engagement/active interpretation and reinterpretation of policy as teachers considered the context for SBCD. These processes led to teachers viewing the broad aims of CfE as a reinforcement of existing practice and curricula. Discourses of accountability appear to have had the most influence in curriculum design decisions, overshadowing the discourses of health and wellbeing within CfE. Teachers’ professional judgements were influenced by regimes of accountability at national and local levels which patterned but did not determine schools’ and teachers’ responses. This is because second order SBCD reflected teachers’ perceptions that a wholescale transformation of physical education was not required or possible within the constraints of their contexts. Curriculum leaders concentrated their efforts on covering the broad aims of CfE and the ‘experiences and outcomes’ outlined in CfE through focusing on their approach to teaching and learning the existing physical education curricula. Thus, they saw health and wellbeing as only one element of physical education rather than as the key focus of their enactment of the curriculum. Teachers’ collective efforts at curriculum enactment were therefore depicted as pragmatic innovation as this encapsulates their responses to policy discourses as they developed a curriculum that would in their view effectively address the broad aims and purposes of CfE while taking account of the constraints of their local context. In contrast to preceding work, a more nuanced account of teacher agency is revealed; teachers were neither wholly the subject of policy discourse nor were they wholly free agents. It follows that if policymakers are seeking transformational change in physical education and an orientation of the subject towards health and wellbeing, there is a need not only for mechanisms to support professional learning, but also for regimes of accountability such as the inspection framework to reflect the policy aims of health and wellbeing more closely.

Cette recherche porte sur les effets de transformation identitaire de techniciens faisant fonction d’ingénieurs et candidats au diplôme d'ingénieur Hors Temps de Travail du Conservatoire national des arts et métiers. Au cours de ce cursus, le sujet est amené à rédiger un écrit dont la forme académique attendue s’associe sur le fond à un projet professionnel. L’analyse des liens pouvant être établis entre cet écrit et la transition professionnelle opérée par le sujet participe à mieux appréhender certains ressorts de la professionnalisation. Cette étude vise à comprendre en quoi le discours tenu, au cours du processus d’écriture, par les rédacteurs du mémoire de fin d’études d’ingénieur, permet de saisir les moments révélateurs de la transition identitaire professionnelle des sujets. La formulation de l’hypothèse a porté sur ces moments révélateurs qui procèdent d’une fertilisation réciproque entre discours tenu sur l’écriture et sur l’écrit lui-même. Le cadre théorique principal mobilisé est celui de la professionnalisation entendue ici comme développement professionnel des sujets à travers l’identité vécue (Wittorski, 2008) et de l’identité énonciative (Guibert, 2007) : un système multidimensionnnel de représentations, celles de l’identité rédactionnelle (image de soi comme écrivant), de l’écrit à produire (images du texte prescrit) et de l’autrui à qui s’adresse le mémoire (images d’autrui pour soi sur soi). Les observations sont réalisées par le biais d’entretiens compréhensifs à dimension phénoménologique (Haas & Masson, 2006 ; Matthey, 2005) du processus rédactionnel. La méthodologie choisie s’appuie sur une approche qualitative et compréhensive principalement basée sur une analyse thématique de contenu (Bardin, 2007) et une analyse de l’énonciation (Charaudeau, 2010 ; Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 2006). Une méthode quantitative, à l’aide du logiciel Iramuteq, permet de compléter l’approche qualitative. Les résultats obtenus permettent d’identifier des moments de tension portant sur des modalités de résolution et des objets singuliers. / This research focuses on identity transformation effects of technicians acting as engineers and candidates to Cnam’s degree outside study preparation agenda. During this training program, the subject is expected to draft a text into an academic format linked to a professional project. The analysis of the links which can be established between this text and the professional transition operated by the subject contributes to grasp some mechanisms of the professional developement. The aim of the study is to understand the relationships between the speech held by the writers during the writing process and the revealing moments of their professional identity transition. The hypothesis is related to these revealing moments which proceed of a mutual fertilization between verbalizations on the writing process and on the text itself. The main theoretical framework is the professional development of these subjects and how they feel their professional identity (Wittorski, 2008) and the enunciative identity (Guibert, 2007) : a multidimensional system of representations : those of writer identity (self-images as writing), those of the written document to be produced (images of the prescribed text) and those of recipients of the text (images of others for oneself on oneself).The observations are realized by means of comprehensive interviews in a phenomenological dimension (Haas & Masson, 2006 ; Matthey, 2005) about writing process. The chosen methodology leans on a qualitative approach crossing a thematic analysis of contents (Bardin, 2007) and an analysis of the enunciation (Charaudeau, 2010 ; Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 2006). The first approach is completed by a quantitative method with the Iramuteq software. The resulting data allows to identify moments of tension concerning terms of resolution and specific objects.

Esta pesquisa enfoca as dinâmicas econômicas, sócio-ambientais e políticas de organização, construção da identidade coletiva e empoderamento de trabalhadores em associações de reciclagem, levando-se em conta suas relações com diversos agentes externos. A escolha desse objeto do estudo prende-se a dois aspectos principais: - à caracterização dessa atividade como uma ocupação em estruturação e processo de reconhecimento, representando uma possibilidade de sustentabilidade e autonomia para setores da população de baixa renda em países em desenvolvimento; - a uma situação peculiar de relação entre Estado e sociedade, na qual as associações de catadores/recicladores interagem simultaneamente com órgãos dos governos municipais respectivos, do governo estadual e com entidades não-governamentais, como setores da Igreja Católica e ONGs nacionais e internacionais. Através da análise comparativa das características de três associações de reciclagem na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, verificam-se resultados diferenciados no que diz respeito a processos internos de organização do trabalho e de participação nas decisões, bem como em relação às percepções, motivações e expectativas dos catadores/recicladores quanto a sua ocupação. / This research focuses on the economic, socio-environmental and political dynamics related to organization, construction of collective identity and empowerment of workers in recycling cooperatives, taking into account their relationships with several external agents. The choice of this object relies on two main aspects: - the characterization of this activity as an occupation being structured and recognized, representing a possibility of sustainability and autonomy for sectors of low income people in developing countries; - a peculiar kind of State-civil society relation, in which recycling cooperatives interact simultaneously with local and regional public entities, and non-governmental organizations, like catholic institutions or other NGOs. Through a comparative analysis of characteristics of three recycling cooperatives in Porto Alegre Metropolitan Region, distinct results were found, concerning internal processes of work organization and decision-making participation, as well as the perceptions, motivations and expectations of the recycling workers towards their occupation.

Submitted by Mario Mesquita (mbarroso@fiocruz.br) on 2014-11-12T16:24:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carmen_Souza_EPSJV_Mestrado_2011.pdf: 870600 bytes, checksum: e972352f886d381a54da8dcc83367372 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mario Mesquita (mbarroso@fiocruz.br) on 2014-11-12T18:47:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Carmen_Souza_EPSJV_Mestrado_2011.pdf: 870600 bytes, checksum: e972352f886d381a54da8dcc83367372 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-12T18:47:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carmen_Souza_EPSJV_Mestrado_2011.pdf: 870600 bytes, checksum: e972352f886d381a54da8dcc83367372 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Profissional em Saúde. / Este trabalho visou, em seu eixo norteador, colaborar para ampliar a discussão sobre a proposta contida no projeto de Lei nº. 26/2007, mais especificamente, no que se refere ao “acesso diferenciado dos trabalhadores técnicos em enfermagem ao nível superior de ensino”. Foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica e o estudo de dados documentais através dos quais buscou-se realizar uma reconstrução histórica das legislações que permeiam a formação e o exercício profissional da categoria enfermagem. Realizou-se uma breve explanação sobre a institucionalização da enfermagem brasileira e sobre o processo de regulamentação profissional, no qual ocorreram processos de extinção e de reconfiguração de diversas categorias que a compunham e que a compõem. No sentido de compreender o alcance do “acesso diferenciado à graduação de enfermagem”, procurou-se realizar uma breve análise da expansão do ensino superior nas últimas décadas, através de uma breve reflexão sobre o processo de privatização do ensino superior, em específico do curso superior de enfermagem. Desta forma, buscou-se ampliar o entendimento do leitor sobre o processo de massificação da educação superior e as contradições introduzidas por esta na formação do profissional enfermeiro. A análise do “acesso diferenciado ao ensino de graduação de enfermagem aos profissionais de nível médio”, conforme proposto no Projeto de Lei n.26/2007, é discutida. Destacou-se, ainda, que a valorização e o reconhecimento de uma categoria profissional não devem estar vinculados exclusivamente ao nível de formação técnica do indivíduo e que a formação de nível superior deve ser uma opção pessoal e não uma opção impulsionada, exclusivamente, pelo mercado de trabalho. / This work aimed, in your guiding axis, collaborate to expand the discussion of the project proposal contained in Law no. 26/2007, more specifically, with regard to the "differential access of technical workers in nursing to the undergraduate level". We used the literature search and study of documentary data for conduct a historical reconstruction of the laws that permeate the training and professional practice of nursing category. There was a brief explanation about the institutionalization of Brazilian nursing and the professional regulatory process, wich in resulted processes the extinction and reconfiguration of various categories within the nursing. In order to understand the scope of "differential access of technical workers in nursing to the undergraduate level" we tried to make a brief analysis of the expansion of higher education in recent decades, realizing a brief reflection on the process of privatization of higher education specifically in the nursing course. Thus, we sought to broaden the reader's understanding of the process of massification of higher education and the contradictions introduced by the formation of the professional nurse. The analysis of "differential access of technical workers in nursing to the undergraduate level", as proposed in the Bill n.26/2007, is discussed. It was emphasized also that appreciation and recognition of a professional category should not be linked exclusively to the level of technical training of the individual. The access to the tertiary level should be a personal choice and not an option driven solely by market work.