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Abstract This dissertation suggests a new approach to the translation of African literature, and more precisely African literature in English, considering that the English language has evolved. In most former colonies, New Englishes exist alongside standard varieties of English. This linguistic trend needs to be accompanied by well thought out and researched strategies, if translations are to match the success of the original versions. As a first step, the research report engages with a definition of New Englishes as well as of other important concepts in the research report: colonialism, post-colonialism, negritude, translation, nativisation and indigenisation. Examples of New Englishes are established through an analysis of The Famished Road. This is followed by a discussion of translation theory, with special focus on dynamic equivalence and functionalism. Finally, recommendations are made in relation to methods and strategies for translating a West African novel from English to French.

[Abstract]: Mapping agencies, national and regional, are finding it increasingly difficult to maintain the currency of their suite of map related products and services. These products include topographic maps and the provision of up to date topographic data. The maintenance of this socially important spatial information is at issue through the duplication of effort that presently exists within government agencies at all levels. A dedicated data sharing and topographic maintenance program has the potential to solve all of these issues. The "NOW Map" gives the "map hungry" public the ability to obtain spatially located data and products in time frames and formats of their choosing. This system is capable of delivering consistent, dynamic and contemporary geospatial information. It will be flexible, in response to a modern ever-changing society, and capable of providing up to date topographic maps and data that not only meets current standards, but also continually exceeds them. After the development of initial procedures, a pilot study was conducted to expand and further refine data collection and analysis procedures. This was followed by a final data-gathering research phase. The research used relevant local, interstate and international examples in all areas of the study. The outcomes of the pilot study and analysis of the second research segment demonstrated that maps can be maintained more efficiently through the utilisation of accurate up to date information. These topographically significant updates can be provided incrementally by organisations that maintain data as part of their own core business.

<p>The use of gabions means a reduced amount of filling material in the road section and a more narrow construction. Also the use of limestone cement columns can be reduced. All together this results in lower costs. The columns stand for about 55% of the total costs for the road. If gabions are used you can reduce the total costs with over 10%.</p>

A model of long-haul hybrid-electric trucks was developed and analyzed to identify the economic benefits of hybrids during the 2009 to 2030 timeframe. Variables that were studied included the trucks operating miles, vehicle life years, fuel efficiency, hybrid fuel efficiency, cost of hybrid truck technology and diesel fuel costs. The model was studied using a case study of long-haul tractors to determine the life cycle savings of hybrid trucks during the twenty-year time period. It was predicted that hybrid long-haul trucks will be an option for trucks that have a majority of their operating cost spent on fuel and the truck is capable of achieving an improved efficiency of five-percent or greater. It was concluded that hybrid trucks will become more economical than a conventional diesel truck and generate a savings for fleet owners by as early as the year 2014. Recommendation for further study is enclosed.