No / This paper presents a novel taxonomy of the critical success factors in enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation process. ERP benefits cannot be fully realised unless a strong alignment and reconciliation mechanism is established between technical and organisational imperatives based on the principles of process orientation. It is suggested in the taxonomy that measurement takes place in a balanced perspective, and for the purpose of providing useful information that can enable the decision making process and, which can help deliver the corporate objectives and therefore lead the business competitively forward. Upon this premise, the taxonomy is based on a comprehensive analysis of ERP literature combining research studies and organisational experiences. The taxonomy reflects the essential features of ERP systems, as being built based on the principles of business process management. Furthermore, it illustrates that ERP benefits are realised when a tight link is established between implementation approach and business process performance measures.

Low back disorders (LBDs) are one of the most commonly occurring injuries in industry. To attempt to reduce these work-related injuries, billions of dollars are being budgeted for formal training in the U.S. However, the outcomes of this training are below a satisfactory level. The majority of organizations utilize the Four-level Evaluation Model to evaluate their training program. However, previous studies have pointed out some limitations regarding this evaluation model. Moreover, most organizations collect only trainee reaction, the first level of the Four-level Evaluation Model, to determine the effectiveness of their training program. Many studies reveal that trainee reaction is an invalid indicator to determine the effectiveness of a training program, and further suggest multi-dimensional categorization within each level of the Four-level Evaluation. Therefore, in this study, the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy was employed to enable multidimensional categorization of learning outcomes in a lifting and lowering training program. The learning outcomes of interest in such a training program relate to procedural knowledge and the cognitive process involved are categorized as remembering, understanding, applying, and evaluating the contents of the training program. Two research questions were asked. What types of learning outcomes are most predictive of training performance? How do the learning outcomes predict training performance compared to affective and utility type reactions? The ability of different types of learning outcomes to predict training performance was tested by multiple regression analyses. The results revealed that apply-procedural learning outcomes and the interaction variable of understand-procedural and apply-procedural learning outcomes were the most predictive of training performance. Further, these learning outcomes were more predictive of training performance than the trainee reactions (affective and utility type reactions) to explain training performance. The results of this study yielded a set of recommendations that may be useful in designing and evaluating lifting and lowering training programs. Moreover, this study examined the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy as a novel method of considering the multidimensional nature of learning and provided a potential application of the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy in the training discipline. / Master of Science

Yes / There are more than 200 published species within the Lactobacillus genus complex (LGC), the majority of which have sequenced type strain genomes available. Although genome-based species delimitation cutoffs are accepted as the gold standard by the community, these are seldom actually checked for new or already published species. In addition, the availability of genome data is revealing inconsistencies in the species-level classification of many strains. We constructed a de novo species taxonomy for the LGC based on 2,459 publicly available genomes, using a 94% core nucleotide identity cutoff. We reconciled these de novo species with published species and subspecies names by (i) identifying genomes of type strains and (ii) comparing 16S rRNA genes of the genomes with 16S rRNA genes of type strains. We found that genomes within the LGC could be divided into 239 de novo species that were discontinuous and exclusive. Comparison of these de novo species to published species led to the identification of nine sets of published species that can be merged and one species that can be split. Further, we found at least eight de novo species that constitute new, unpublished species. Finally, we reclassified 74 genomes on the species level and identified for the first time the species of 98 genomes. Overall, the current state of LGC species taxonomy is largely consistent with genome-based species delimitation cutoffs. There are, however, exceptions that should be resolved to evolve toward a taxonomy where species share a consistent diversity in terms of sequence divergence. / This study was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (grant 11A0618N), the Flanders Innovation and Entrepreneurship Agency (grants IWT-SB 141198 and IWT/50052), and the University of Antwerp (grant FFB150344).

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第25392号 / 人博第1134号 / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 西川 完途, 教授 市岡 孝朗, 教授 瀬戸口 浩彰, 教授 太田 英利 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

In this study, current infrageneric taxonomic status of Limonium Mill. in Turkey was assessed by using numerical taxonomy (phenetics) method. Herbarium materials belong to 21 species of Limonium Mill., collected all around Turkey, and were examined. In order to evaluate the infrageneric status, 52 characters based on ecological and morphological features of the genus were determined and recorded to construct a data matrix which was analyzed by MultiVariate Statistical Package (MVSP) and Statistica software with Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) method to construct phenograms. Then, by assesing the phenograms, an overall comparison of Limonium Mill. species were made and infrageneric taxonomic status of the genus was discussed. The result of this study indicated that 5 sections of the genus are represented in phenograms which was a compatible result with theoretical information written in 7th Volume of &ldquo / Flora of Turkey&rdquo / . Moreover, in UPGMA trees, a new section (belonging Section Limonium) is observed. Section nova species live only near seashore and distinctively separated from other Section Limonium species in phenograms and Principle Component Analysis (PCA). PCA was carried out to indicate most important characters used in this study. In addition, in this study, a dichotomous key comprising all the species of Limonium Mill. in Turkey was also presented. In appendix part, brief information about each species such as distribution, habitat, conservation status, habit, endemism ratio, flowering period, IUCN categories was given to review all Limonium Mill. species in Turkey.

Traditionally manufacturing job shops either have a process layout or a product layout. The advantages of one type of layout tend to be a disadvantage for the other. Hybrid cellular constructs represents a novel fusion of process and product layouts. In this thesis, hybrid cellular constructs specifically Hybrid Flow Shops and Reoriented andamp; Reshaped Cells are clearly described in terms of their structure, key features, and modes of operation. An engineering procedure is illustrated by cases and particular manufacturing circumstances where each concept would be most useful are identified. This thesis then defines the lean practices that are compatible with the structure in question and identifies what practices are incompatible. It suggests how to modify lean practices to fit and at least obtain some benefits for the incompatible ones. Finally, a procedure for design of logistics management systems for assembly cells and lines is presented.

Species in the genus Calonectria (anamorph: Cylindrocladium) are euascomycetes in the order Hypocreales and are important pathogens of a wide range of plant hosts globally. At the outset, this thesis considers the literature pertaining to species of Calonectria and especially the importance of the biological, morphological and phylogenetic species concepts on the taxonomy of this group. It is clear that DNA sequence comparisons have revolutionised the taxonomy of Calonectria and literature also highlights the importance of a polyphasic approach to species identification. Studies in this thesis treat a number of forest nursery disease problems caused by Calonectria spp. and new species are consequently described based on DNA sequence comparisons, morphological characteristics and sexual compatibility tests. As a consequence several cryptic species were also identified in the genus. Therefore, a multigene genealogy was constructed for all Calonectriaspp. for which cultures were available and shown to group together in 13 subclades also supported by morphological similarities. As a consequence all Cylindrocladium spp. were circumscribed to the genus Calonectria, regardless whether the teleomorph state was present or not, based on new nomenclature regulations stated in Article 59. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / Unrestricted

Considerable changes have occurred in recent years, regarding the taxonomy and ecology of Eucalyptus fungal pathogens previously treated in the genera Cryphonectria and Endothia. Cryphonectria cubensis now resides in Chrysoporthe with two species, which are very distinct from Cryphonectria. The fungus previously known as E. gyrosa was moved to C. eucalypti and will soon be known as Holocryphia eucalypti. It is very likely that C. eucalypti and Chr. cubensis were introduced onto the African continent, but the hypothesis remains to be tested, while Chr. austroafricana seems native to the African continent. The aim of studies contained in this thesis was to consider the distribution, taxonomy and diversity of Chrysoporthe spp. and Cryphonectria eucalypti on the African continent. This was achieved through surveys in southern and eastern Africa, of both Eucalyptus spp. and native tree species belonging to the Myrtales. The intention was that the results of the studies in this thesis should aid in a better understanding of the taxonomy, origin, distribution, host range, as well as pathogenicity of various Cryphonectria and Chrysoporthe species in eastern and southern Africa. Various new hosts, new areas of occurrence and taxonomic changes have occurred for species of Cryphonectria sensu lato, previously known only on Eucalyptus spp. Chapter one of this thesis presented an overview of the most recent findings regarding the taxonomy, host range and distribution of C. cubensis sensu lato and C. eucalypti. The background to the description of a new genus, Chrysoporthe Gryzenhout&M.J. Wingf. and three new species namely; Chr. cubensis, Chr. austroafricana and Chrysopothella hodgesiana, previously considered to represent C. cubensis was also considered. Furthermore, the wide host range of Chrysoporthe spp. has been reviewed. The fungi are known on various genera in the order Myrtales in both tropical and subtropical areas, worldwide. Emphasis was placed on these Eucalyptus pathogens in Africa. Chrysoporthe cubensis and Chr. austroafricana, collectively known as Cryphonectria cubensis in the past, are important canker pathogens of Eucalyptus spp. worldwide. In chapter two of this thesis I have shown, for the first time, that Chr. cubensis occurs in Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique on non-native Eucalyptus spp. and Chr. austroafricana occurs in Mozambique, Malawi and Zambia on non-native Eucalyptus spp. and native S. cordatum. I was also able to show that Chr. austroafricana causes cankers at the base and higher up on stems of Eucalyptus trees in South Africa and Malawi, which is contrary to prior knowledge. Likewise, the sexual state of this fungus has been shown to be equally abundant as the asexual state in countries north of South Africa, contrary to the situation in southern Africa where the asexual state predominates. The known distribution range of Chr. austroafricana within South Africa was also expanded through this study. Chrysoporthe cubensis is an important fungal pathogen of Eucalyptus spp., worldwide. The fungus is also known on many other hosts all residing in the order Myrtales. Previous surveys conducted in eastern and southern Africa to assess the distribution of Chrysoporthe spp. in this region, revealed the occurrence of Chr. cubensis on Eucalyptus spp. in Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique. In chapter three of this thesis, the population structure of Chr. cubensis isolates from Eucalyptus spp. from Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique was considered for the first time. This represents a first attempt to consider the genetic structure of the fungus from eastern Africa. Results show that there is a very low genetic diversity within the populations of Chr. cubensis from Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique, implying that the fungus is probably newly introduced in these areas. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the origin of eastern African Chr. cubensis is most likely Asia. In chapter four of this thesis, polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers were developed from a single spore isolate of C. eucalypti collected from Eucalyptus stem canker in South Africa. Markers were obtained using the enrichment technique known as FIASCO (Fast Isolation by AFLPs of Sequences Containing Repeats). Ten polymorphic markers were isolated, of which 2 were discarded due to their high polymorphism in the flanking region. These markers will consequently provide useful tools for future investigations considering the population biology and especially the global spread of C. eucalypti. Cryphonectria eucalypti is a fungal pathogen considered opportunistic in South Africa, while in Australia it has been associated with sporadic but serious disease problems. Chapter five of this thesis presents results on the population structure of C. eucalypti from South Africa, eastern and western Australia. Nei's gene diversity (H) showed that the eastern Australian population is most genetically diverse and the western Australian populations from Corymbia and Eucalyptus somewhat less diverse. The South African population displayed the lowest genetic diversity. The high genetic diversity in the Australian populations supports the view that C. eucalypti is native to that region. This is consistent with the fact that Eucalyptus species are also native to the Australian continent. In chapter six of this thesis, I have shown that the fungus isolated from H. canescens, S. cordatum and T. granulosa in South Africa represents a new genus and species related to, but distinctly different from Chrysoporthe. Celoporthe dispersa gen. et sp. nov. is, therefore, described to accommodate this fungus. This description was supported by both morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data. These have clearly shown that isolates of C. dispersa form a clade distinct from Chrysoporthe, Holocryphia and other taxa, which it resembles morphologically. Pathogenicity tests showed that C. dispersa is not pathogenic to H. natalensis, but a potential pathogen of Eucalyptus and Tibouchina spp. The collection of studies included in this thesis demonstrated that Chrysoporthe spp. occur in Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Kenya and Tanzania on both Eucalyptus and native Syzygium cordatum trees. This significantly expands the geographical distribution of these important pathogens. The studies have also shown that Chrysoporthe cubensis has recently been introduced on the continent. It is my hope that new knowledge emerging from studies in this thesis will aid in quarantine measure to control the spread of these important fungal pathogens including the new species Celoporthe dispersa. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / PhD / Unrestricted

Background:  The introduction of the EU-taxonomy for sustainable activities in 2020 aims to create a shift in investments to foster sustainable growth. It classifies an organisation as “green” or not based on a predetermined set of categories and criteria. However, not all organisations are included. Small to medium enterprises are not included, and do not need to report on their activities. However, there exist SMEs which decided to still, to the extent possible, voluntarily comply with the EU-taxonomy. This form of voluntary compliance has not been explored in the prior literature.    Purpose:  The purpose of this study is to investigate the “Why” and the “How” of SMEs voluntarily compliance with the EU-taxonomy sustainability regulation.   Method:  In order to fulfil the purpose an interpretive qualitative approach has been adopted in this study. A comparative case study is used to develop an understanding of the individual cases but also their comparative aspects through a cross analysis. The information from the cases was collected through semi-structured interviews as well as from secondary data such as annual reports.    Conclusion:  This study concludes that while there are a multitude of reasons why an SME voluntarily complies to the EU-taxonomy, such as reputation and environment. “How” an organisation voluntarily complies is highly dependent on the industry and resources of an organisation.

I ett försök att motarbeta ökningen i den globala genomsnittstemperaturen och klimatkri- sen jorden står inför har Förenta Nationerna (FN) under slutet av 2015 kommit fram till Parisavtalet. Parisavtalet trädde i kraft under 2016 och slår fast att den globala genomsnitts- temperaturökningen måste ligga väl under 2 °C, och att världen ska sträva efter att ligga under 1,5 °C i genomsnitts-temperaturökning innan år 2050. I ett försök att uppnå Parisav- talet till 2050 har EU tagit fram en ny taxonomi som ska implementeras på alla verksamheter i EU som faller in inom vissa kriterier som de har fastställt. Taxonomin ska tillämpas på nio olika branscher i första steget och göra det enklare för investerare att styra sitt kapital mot verksamheter, som enligt EU anses hållbara.  I denna uppsats ska vi undersöka olika aktörers åsikter om dem anser att EU-Taxonomin är hållbar för skogbruks- och fastighetsbranschen, ur ett miljöperspektiv. Detta ska göras ge- nom att analysera utlåtanden och intervjua människor i ledande positioner inom skogsbruk- och fastighetsbranschen. Intervjufrågorna är formade på ett sådant sätt att svaren kan an- vändas för att analysera EU-Taxonomins påverkan ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv. Resultaten visade att svenska aktörer uttrycker ett stort oro till EU-Taxonomins utformning, främst inom skogsbranschen. Ändringar i EU-Taxonomins utformning behöver göras för att im- plementeringen ger en positiv effekt så taxonomins syfte med att nå Parisavtalet till 2050 uppnås. Uppsatsen inom skogsbruket kom fram till att det är skiftade fokus mellan aktörer- na på hållbarhetsarbetet, men i slutändan är alla aktörer vi undersökt i branschen enig om att EU-Taxonomin är inte utformad på ett hållbart sätt. Inom fastighet anser aktörerna att EU-Taxonomin är felanpassad då den fokuserar för mycket på energiprestanda och lämnar stora delar av vad hållbarhet innebär för dem utanför EU-Taxonomin. / In an attempt to try and prevent the rises in global average temperature and climate crisis, the United Nations (UN) reached a global agreement at the end of 2015 called the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement took effect in 2016 and states that the global average temperature increase must be well below 2 °C, and that the world must strive to be below 1.5 °C in average global temperature increase before 2050. In an effort to try and reach the goals of the Paris Agreement, the European Union (EU) have developed a taxonomy to implement on all businesses in the EU that are included in a certain criteria determined by the EU. The Taxonomy will be implemented on businesses in nine different industries in its first phase and will make it easier for investors to allocate their equity into businesses that the EU recognises as sustainable.  In this essay, we will evaluate different types of stakeholders’ opinions on whether the EU- Taxonomy is sustainable for the forestry- and real estate industry from an environmental perspective. This is done by analysing open statements and interviewing different people representing the different leading stakeholders in their respective Swedish branches. The questions for the interviews are formulated so that the responses can be used to analyse the EU-Taxonomy’s effect from a sustainability perspective. The results show that Swedish stakeholders, mostly in the forestry sector, are concerned about the EU-Taxonomy’s criteria in defining what a sustainable activity is. Changes in the EU-Taxonomy will have to be made so that the implementation of the taxonomy has a positive effect in the work made to achieve the Paris Agreement by 2050. The essay, in the forestry sector, came to the conclusion that the stakeholders have different takes on what sustainability work is, but they all agree that the EU-Taxonomy is not a sustainable guideline for the sector. In real- estate, the stakeholders agree that the EU-Taxonomy is maladapted. The EU-Taxonomy focuses mostly on use of energy for buildings and leaves other major sustainability factors surrounding real estate out.