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Compara??o de ?ndices de vegeta??o no mapeamento da cobertura da terra no semi?rido: estudo de caso no Munic?pio de Martins/RNGuedes, J?nio Carlos Fernandes 29 March 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O contexto atual da rela??o homem e natureza vem exigindo novas configura??es no tocante ao uso adequado dos recursos naturais, baseadas nas premissas do Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel. Nesse sentido, se destacam as geotecnologias, caracterizadas como um suporte instrumental eficiente para caracteriza??o de diversos padr?es ambientais. Os levantamentos de cobertura da terra se constituem como um ex?mio exemplo a ser destacado, pois a partir de ?ndices de vegeta??o ? poss?vel distinguir diferentes classes de cobertura da terra. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa objetivou comparar ?ndices de vegeta??o NDVI e SAVI, quanto a classifica??o e espacializa??o da cobertura da terra no munic?pio de Martins/RN. Para tanto, foram selecionadas imagens do sat?lite Landsat 8 e mapa de uso e cobertura da terra elaborado pelo INPE. Essas imagens passaram por etapas de pr?-processamento, aplicando-se corre??es radiom?tricas e geom?tricas. Posteriormente aplicou-se os ?ndices NDVI e SAVI no software Erdas 9.2, com quantifica??o das classes de cobertura da terra e elabora??o dos layouts no software ArcGis 10.2. A partir destas imagens procedeu-se a pesquisa de campo, onde foram observados e coletados ?s coordenadas de 125 pontos de controle, obtendo-se as seguintes classes de cobertura da terra: Floresta estacional, Savana-Est?pica florestada, Savana-Est?pica arborizada, Agricultura permanente e Tempor?ria, Solo exposto, Zona urbana e Corpo d??gua. As informa??es subsidiar?o a elabora??o da matriz de confus?o, a qual objetivou a avalia??o da acur?cia dos mapas a partir do ?ndice de Exatid?o Global e o ?ndice Kappa para ambos os mapas (NDVI, SAVI, INPE). Diante da matriz de confus?o com um ?ndice Kappa de 66,96%, o ?ndice SAVI apresentou melhores resultados em compara??o com o NDVI para o mapeamento da cobertura da terra do munic?pio de Martins/RN. Na avalia??o da precis?o do mapeamento de cobertura da terra, a partir de uma matriz de confus?o, os ?ndices para avaliar a acur?cia da precis?o dos mapeamentos (?ndice de exatid?o global e Kappa) mostraram-se como ?timas op??es no que diz respeito ? an?lise da vericidade desses dados, obtendo assim melhores resultados para o ?ndice SAVI. Dessa forma, conclui-se que, o uso de imagens de sat?lite provenientes do sensoriamento remoto na aplica??o de ?ndices de vegeta??o, mostrou-se como ferramentas relevantes no estudo da cobertura da terra, juntamente com os ?ndices de Exatid?o Global e o ?ndice Kappa, que por sua vez, mostraram-se como alternativas relevantes no tocante a acur?cia dos mapas de cobertura da terra. / Studies related to sustainable development and proper planning of the use of natural resources is one of the challenges of today's society in the search for instrumental support for the characterization of environmental standards as, for example, the survey of land cover. With the advent of geotechnology, studies about the land cover in the semiarid region from vegetation indices are paramount in the study of natural resources, making it possible to distinguish different types of coverage and land use. Thus it is intended with this work compare the NDVI and SAVI, classification and land cover spatial distribution in Martins / RN. Therefore, satellite images were selected Landsat 8 and a map of land use and land cover developed by INPE. These images have gone through stages of preprocessing, where applied radiometric and geometric corrections, and then applied the NDVI and SAVI index in ERDAS software 9.2, with quantification of the land cover classes and preparation of layout in ArcGIS 10.2 software. In the field, they were observed and collected the coordinates of 125 control points, and then confusion matrix was designed to evaluate the accuracy of the maps from the Global Accuracy index and the Kappa index for both maps (NDVI, SAVI, INPE ). Initially, before the satellite images treatment were observadadas field eight land cover classes in the city of Mantins / RN, as follows: Seasonal Forest, Savannah-Est?pica forested, wooded Savannah-Est?pica, permanent and Agriculture Temporary Soil exposed , urban area and water body. Given the confusion matrix, prepared from 125 control points obtained in the field, with a Kappa index of 66.96%, the SAVI index showed better results compared with NDVI to map Martins municipal land cover / RN. In assessing the accuracy of the land cover mapping from an array of confusion, the indexes to evaluate the accuracy of accuracy of mappings (global and Kappa accuracy Index) showed to be great options with regard to the analysis of vericidade such data, thus obtaining better results for SAVI index. Thus, it is concluded that the use of satellite from remote sensing images in the application of vegetation indices, has proved to be relevant tools in the study of land cover, along with the Global accuracy rates and the Kappa index, which in turn, proved to be relevant alternatives regarding the accuracy of land cover maps.
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An?lise de uso e cobertura do solo no munic?pio de Parelhas/RNCosme J?nior, Sebasti?o 18 February 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-18 / The human interference in the semiarid region of Serid? Potiguar has promoted the increase of degraded areas. The economic dynamic that was established in the Serid? territory, especially after the fall of the trinomial cattle-cotton-mining in the 70s and 80s of the 20th century as pillars of the regional economy, resulted in an accelerated process of erosion of natural resources. The municipalities of the Serid? region have been spatially reordered by this new economic dynamic, marked by the growth of existing enterprises, and the development of new agricultural practices. One of the municipalities in the region that restructured its territorial space with the emergence of new agro-industrial activities was the town of Parelhas. With the demise of the trinomial cattle-cotton-mining in the 1980s, other productive activities were intensified from the 1990s, amongst them, pottery, responsible for the vegetal extraction for use as energy source. This recent economic and spatial restructuring in the region, reflected in the Parelhense municipal territory, required new productive ingredients responsible for the modification of past production relations that were based on cattle, cotton and mining. By that a process of exploring the environment was unleashed, especially the native vegetation, in an uncontrolled manner. In this context, the objective of this study was to survey and detect deforestation in the areas of Caatinga vegetation, used indiscriminately as energy supply for new agricultural practices, using remote sensing techniques based on the quantification of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index / NDVI, Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index / SAVI, surface temperature and rainfall data in the years 1990 and 2010. The results indicated that SAVI values above 0.2 in 1990 and 2010 represent the areas with the highest density of vegetation that occur exclusively along the major drainages in the town and areas of higher elevations. The areas between the ranges of values from 0.5 to 0.15 SAVI are areas with poor vegetation. On the other hand the highest values of temperature are distributed in the western and southeastern parts of the township, usually in places where the soil is exposed or there is sparse vegetation. The areas of bare soil decreased in extension in 2010 at 11, 6% when related to 1990, this was caused by a higher rainfall intensity in the first half of 2010, but no regeneration of vegetation occurred in some places in the western and southeastern areas of the municipality today, due to the extraction of firewood to fuel the furnaces of industries in town / A interfer?ncia antr?pica na regi?o Semi?rida do Serid? Potiguar vem desencadeando o aumento de ?reas degradadas. A din?mica econ?mica que se estabeleceu no territ?rio seridoense, sobretudo ap?s a queda do trin?mio gado, algod?o e minera??o nas d?cadas de 70 e nas d?cadas de 80 do s?culo XX, como pilares da economia da regi?o, implicaram num acelerado processo de desgaste dos recursos naturais. Os territ?rios municipais da regi?o do Serid? v?m sendo reordenado espacialmente por essa nova din?mica econ?mica, marcada pelo crescimento dos empreendimentos j? existentes, al?m do desenvolvimento de novas atividades agroindustriais. Um dos munic?pios do Serid? potiguar que teve seu espa?o territorial reestruturado com o surgimento de novas atividades agroindustriais foi o de Parelhas. Com a derrocada do trin?mio gado, algod?o e minera??o, na d?cada de 1980, outras atividades produtivas foram intensificadas a partir da d?cada de 1990, dentre elas a ceramista, respons?vel pela extra??o vegetal para utiliza??o como fonte energ?tica. Essa recente reestrutura??o espacial e econ?mica regional, refletida no territ?rio municipal parelhense, tem requerido novos ingredientes produtivos, respons?veis pela modifica??o das rela??es de produ??o pret?ritas que antes eram baseadas na pecu?ria, no algod?o e na minera??o. Com isso, desencadeou-se um processo de explora??o do meio ambiente, em especial da vegeta??o nativa, de forma descontrolada. Nesse contexto o objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer o levantamento e a detec??o do desmatamento das ?reas de vegeta??o de caatinga, usadas indiscriminadamente para o abastecimento energ?tico das novas atividades agroindustriais, utilizando t?cnicas de sensoriamento remoto a partir da quantifica??o do ?ndice de Vegeta??o Diferen?a Normalizada/NDVI, do ?ndice de Vegeta??o Ajustado ao Solo/SAVI, da temperatura da superf?cie e de dados pluviom?tricos nos anos de 1990 e 2010. Os resultados indicaram que os valores de SAVI acima de 0,2 em 1990 e 2010 representam as ?reas com maior densidade de vegeta??o que ocorrem, exclusivamente, ao longo das drenagens principais do munic?pio e nas ?reas de maiores eleva??es. As ?reas que est?o entre os intervalos de valores de SAVI de 0,5 at? 0,15 s?o ?reas com pouca cobertura vegetal. J? os valores mais altos de temperatura distribuem-se na ?rea oeste e sudeste do munic?pio, geralmente em locais onde o solo est? exposto ou possui vegeta??o pouco densa. As ?reas de solo exposto diminu?ram sua extens?o, em 2010, cerca de 11, 6% quando relacionada a 1990, isto foi ocasionado por uma intensidade pluviom?trica maior no primeiro semestre de 2010, por?m n?o houve regenera??o da vegeta??o em alguns locais nas ?reas Oeste e Sudeste do munic?pio nesta data, devido ? extra??o de lenha para abastecer os fornos das ind?strias do munic?pio
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