Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-31T17:58:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafaela de Sousa Gomes.pdf: 1653692 bytes, checksum: 31b6b096a06b65f4844bd7dc42f042a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T17:58:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafaela de Sousa Gomes.pdf: 1653692 bytes, checksum: 31b6b096a06b65f4844bd7dc42f042a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-23 / CAPES / FAPERJ / Shallow coastal marine systems are highly productive and widely recognized by their roles as important habitats for several bottom dwelling or water column fish and invertebrate species. Several mechanisms can influence fish distribution among the coastal marine systems, such as biotic interaction (e.g. predation, competition) and abiotic influences (e.g. type of sediment, turbidity). This study was carried out in sandy beaches of coastal systems that included unsheltered oceanic beaches and sandy beaches in two large embayment (Sepetiba and Ilha Grande). Quarterly samplings were performed to collect fishes, sediment and to measure environmental variables in three sandy beaches of each system during 2014 and 2015. The aim were: 1) to determine and compare the relationship fish and benthic invertebrate among the three systems, and to detect eventual influences of environmental variables on the structure of these two biotic communities and, 2) to compare the ichthyofauna in relation to beta diversity, taxonomic distinctiveness and environmental heterogeneity, to test the hypothesis that systems with high environmental heterogeneity have higher beta diversity. Granulometric composition and environmental variables differed among the systems, with comparatively higher turbidity in the Sepetiba Bay, lower nutrient concentrations in the Ilha Grande Bay and higher salinity in the Oceanic Beaches. The highest abundance of benthic invertebrate was found in the bays, whereas the Oceanic Beaches have the lowest numbers, which can be associated to physical dynamic of wave action in the this latter system that can the potentiality to remove invertebrate from the sediments, resulting in their exposure to predation. Fish and benthic invertebrate were influenced by environmental variables but no significant correlation was found between fish and invertebrate communities. However, some specific strong relationship was found between particular species of fish and invertebrate. For example, the flatfish Citharichthys spilopterus was positively related to representant of the Crustacean from Amphipoda and Tanaidacea orders, and from Polychaeta of Opheliida and Polygordiida orders, suggesting a dependence relationship between fish and invertebrates that can be used as fish feeding prey. The coastal systems did not differ in environmental heterogeneity, whereas the beta diversity was highest in the Ilha Grande Bay, which is probably associated to better preservation of their beaches. We did not detect significant relationship between beta diversity and environmental heterogeneity, which can be attributed to the examined environmental variables that did not influence markedly fish distribution. Taxonomic distinctiveness had positive correlation with species richness, thus the higher the richness the higher the taxonomic distinctiveness that can be associated to interspecific relationship, since species closely related tend to compete for similar resources. Thus, the addition of new phylogenetically distant species will occupy different niches. We suggest that fish turnover (beta diversity) should be included in environmental management plans, as a tool to supply the basis to selection size of areas to be priorized for conservation, aiming to protect the maximum of biological diversity. / Ambientes marinhos costeiros rasos s?o altamente produtivos e amplamente reconhecidos como importantes habitats para muitas esp?cies de peixes e invertebrados associados ao substrato ou ? coluna da ?gua. Diversos mecanismos podem influenciar a distribui??o de peixes entre os sistemas costeiros marinhos, como intera??es biol?gicas (e.g., preda??o, competi??o) e abi?ticas (e.g., tipo de sedimento, turbidez). O presente trabalho foi realizado em sistemas costeiros na regi?o sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro, que incluem praias arenosas oce?nicas desprotegidas e praias arenosas dentro de dois grandes sistemas de ba?as (Sepetiba e Ilha Grande). Amostragens de peixes, sedimento e tomada de vari?veis ambientais foram realizadas trimestralmente em tr?s praias arenosas de cada sistema durante os anos de 2014 e 2015. Os objetivos foram: 1) determinar e comparar a rela??o entre peixes e invertebrados bent?nicos entre os tr?s sistemas costeiros, e detectar eventuais influ?ncias das vari?veis ambientais na estrutura destas duas comunidades bi?ticas; e 2) comparar a ictiofauna em rela??o ? diversidade beta, distin??o taxon?mica e heterogeneidade ambiental, visando testar a hip?tese de que ambientes com maior heterogeneidade ambiental apresentam maior diversidade beta. A composi??o granulom?trica e as vari?veis ambientais variaram significativamente entre os sistemas costeiros, com maior turbidez na Ba?a de Sepetiba, maior salinidade nas praias oce?nicas e menores concentra??es de nutrientes na Ba?a da Ilha Grande. A maior abund?ncia de invertebrados bent?nicos foi observada nas ba?as, com a Ba?a de Ilha Grande destacando-se pelo maior n?mero de indiv?duos, enquanto as praias oce?nicas apresentaram as menores ocorr?ncias, o que pode estar associado a fatores f?sicos, principalmente a a??o de ondas, que pode remover invertebrados do sedimento, acarretando numa maior exposi??o ? preda??o. As composi??es de peixes e invertebrados bent?nicos foram influenciadas pelas vari?veis ambientais e a comunidade de invertebrados bent?nicos n?o apresentou correla??o significativa com a ictiofauna, entretanto algumas correla??es pontuais consistentes foram observadas entre peixes e invertebrados. Por exemplo, o linguado Citharichthys spilopterus, foi positivamente correlacionado com representantes de Crustacea das ordens Amphipoda e Tanaid?cea e Polychaeta das ordens Opheliida e Polygordiida, o que sugere uma rela??o de depend?ncia destes peixes por estes invertebrados que podem estar sendo utilizados como recursos alimentares. Os sistemas costeiros n?o diferiram quanto ? heterogeneidade ambiental, enquanto a diversidade beta foi maior na Baia da Ilha Grande, o que pode estar associado ao estado de melhor preserva??o dos locais amostrados. N?o foi encontrada rela??o significativa entre a diversidade beta e a heterogeneidade ambiental, o que pode ser atribu?do ? escolha das vari?veis ambientais que n?o influenciam na distribui??o da ictiofauna. A distin??o taxon?mica apresentou correla??o positiva com a riqueza de esp?cies. Assim, quanto maior o n?mero de esp?cies, maior a distin??o taxon?mica e esse fato pode estar relacionado a intera??es interespec?ficas, j? que esp?cies proximamente relacionadas geralmente competem pelos mesmos recursos, assim a adi??o de novas esp?cies distanciadas filogeneticamente ocuparia diferentes nichos. Sugerimos que a rotatividade da ictiofauna (diversidade beta) deve ser considerada em planos de gerenciamento ambiental, j? que esta ferramenta pode fornecer bases para sele??o e delineamento de tamanhos de ?reas priorizadas para a conserva??o, visando proteger o m?ximo da diversidade biol?gica.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CharlesCMF_DISSERT.pdf: 5841737 bytes, checksum: a66ddcf0219ba96b5dc3d9e8447b4d9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-14 / The northern portion of the Rio Grande do Norte State is characterized by intense coastal dynamics affecting areas with ecosystems of moderate to high environmental sensitivity. In this region are installed the main socioeconomic activities of RN State: salt industry, shrimp farm, fruit industry and oil industry. The oil industry suffers the effects of coastal dynamic action promoting problems such as erosion and exposure of wells and pipelines along the shore. Thus came the improvement of such modifications, in search of understanding of the changes which causes environmental impacts with the purpose of detecting and assessing areas with greater vulnerability to variations. Coastal areas under influence oil industry are highly vulnerable and sensitive in case of accidents involving oil spill in the vicinity. Therefore, it was established the geoenvironmental monitoring of the region with the aim of evaluating the entire coastal area evolution and check the sensitivity of the site on the presence of oil. The goal of this work was the implementation of a computer system that combines the needs of insertion and visualization of thematic maps for the generation of Environmental Vulnerability maps, using techniques of Business Intelligence (BI), from vector information previously stored in the database. The fundamental design interest was to implement a more scalable system that meets the diverse fields of study and make the appropriate system for generating online vulnerability maps, automating the methodology so as to facilitate data manipulation and fast results in cases of real time operational decision-making. In database development a geographic area was established the conceptual model of the selected data and Web system was done using the template database PostgreSQL, PostGis spatial extension, Glassfish Web server and the viewer maps Web environment, the GeoServer. To develop a geographic database it was necessary to generate the conceptual model of the selected data and the Web system development was done using the PostgreSQL database system, its spatial extension PostGIS, the web server Glassfish and GeoServer to display maps in Web / A por??o setentrional do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte ? caracterizada por intensa din?mica costeira afetando ?reas com ecossistemas de alta sensibilidade ambiental. Nessa regi?o est?o instaladas as principais atividades socioecon?micas do Estado: ind?stria salineira, carcinicultura, fruticultura e ind?stria petrol?fera. A ind?stria petrol?fera sofre os percal?os da a??o da din?mica costeira que acarretada problemas como a eros?o e a exposi??o dos po?os e dutos instalados ao longo da faixa de praia. Deste modo, surgiu o ordenamento de tais modifica??es, na busca do entendimento das mudan?as geradoras de agress?es ao meio ambiente, em estudos sobre os impactos ambientais com o prop?sito de detectar e avaliar as ?reas com a maior vulnerabilidade ?s modifica??es. As ?reas costeiras sob influ?ncia petrol?fera se apresentam altamente vulner?veis e sens?veis em caso de acidentes com derramamento de ?leo nas proximidades. Portanto, foi estabelecido o monitoramento geoambiental da regi?o com o objetivo de avaliar toda a evolu??o costeira da ?rea e verificar a sensibilidade do local diante da presen?a do ?leo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi a implementa??o de um sistema computacional que atenda as necessidades de inser??o e visualiza??o de mapas tem?ticos para a gera??o, utilizando t?cnicas de Business Intelligence (BI), de Mapas de Vulnerabilidade Ambiental a partir de informa??es vetoriais previamente armazenadas no banco de dados. O interesse b?sico do projeto foi implementar um sistema mais escal?vel que atenda a diversas ?reas de estudo e tornar o sistema apropriado para gera??o on-line dos mapas de vulnerabilidade, automatizando a metodologia de forma a facilitar a manipula??o de dados e agilizar a obten??o de resultados em casos de tomadas de decis?es operacionais em tempo real. No desenvolvimento do banco de dados geogr?ficos foi estabelecido o modelo conceitual dos dados selecionados e o sistema Web foi feito usando o modelo de banco de dados PostgreSQL, sua extens?o espacial PostGis, o servidor web Glassfish e o visualizador de mapas em ambiente Web, o GeoServer