Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T13:05:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_GILMARA_PANDOLFO_ZABOT_PARCIAL.pdf: 628717 bytes, checksum: ac6c7a3620466ffc6fc2346323b1beef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T13:05:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_GILMARA_PANDOLFO_ZABOT_PARCIAL.pdf: 628717 bytes, checksum: ac6c7a3620466ffc6fc2346323b1beef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T13:05:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_GILMARA_PANDOLFO_ZABOT_PARCIAL.pdf: 628717 bytes, checksum: ac6c7a3620466ffc6fc2346323b1beef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-15 / Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible preventative effects of glutamine in an animal model of PH induced by partial portal vein ligation (PPVL). Materials and methods: Twenty four male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: (1) control group (Control) ? rats underwent exploratory laparotomy; (2) control + glutamine group (Control + G) ? rats were subjected to laparotomy and treated intraperitoneally with glutamine; (3) portal hypertension group (PPVL) ? rats were subjected to PPVL; and (4) PPVL+ glutamine group (PPVL + G) ? rats were treated intraperitoneally with glutamine during seven days. Local injuries were determined by evaluating intestinal segments for oxidative stress using lipid peroxidation, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), eNOS and iNOS after PPVL. Results: Lipid peroxidation of the membrane was increased in the animals subjected to PH (P < 0.01). However, the group that received glutamine for seven days after the PPVL procedure showed levels of lipid peroxidation similar to the control groups (P > 0.05). The activity of the antioxidant enzyme GTx was decreased in the gut of animals subjected to PH when compared with the control group of animals not subjected to PH (P < 0.01). However, the group that received glutamine for seven days after the PPVL showed similar GTx activity to both control groups not subjected to PH (P > 0.05). The mean area of eNOS staining for each of the control groups was similar. The PH group showed the largest area of staining for eNOS. The PPVL + G group had the second highest amount of staining, but the mean value was much lower than that of the PH group (P < 0.01). For iNOS, control (SO) and control + G (SO + G) groups showed similar areas of staining. The PH group contained the largest area of iNOS staining, followed by the PPVL + G group; however, this area was significantly smaller than that of the group that underwent PH without glutamine (P < 0.01). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that pretreatment with glutamine prevents mucosal injury and improves gut recovery after portal hypertension injury in rats. / Objetivos: O objetivo principal do presente estudo foi avaliar a a??o da glutamina em ratos com hipertens?o portal (HP), submetidos ao modelo experimental de ligadura parcial da veia porta (LPVP). Os objetivos secund?rios foram: determinar a lipoperoxida??o no intestino atrav?s da t?cnica de subst?ncias reativas ao ?cido tiobarbit?rico (TBARS); avaliar a atividade de uma enzima antioxidante (glutationa peroxidase) no intestino; avaliar as altera??es histopatol?gicas, consequentes ? HP, no intestino; quantificar a express?o das enzimas ?xido n?trico sintase endotelial (eNOS) e ?xido n?trico sintase induz?vel (iNOS), pela t?cnica de imunoistoqu?mica. Material e M?todos: Ratos machos da ra?a Wistar foram mantidos em caixas pl?sticas, em ciclo de 12 horas claro/escuro, com ?gua e ra??o administradas ad libitum. Foram utilizados Vinte e quatro ratos divididos, de forma randomizada, em quatro grupos experimentais: (1) grupo controle (Controle) ? (Grupo submetido ? simula??o da cirurgia, e administra??o de ve?culo: cloreto de s?dio - NaCl); (2) grupo controle + glutamina (Glutamina) ? os ratos foram submetidos ? simula??o da cirurgia e administra??o da glutamina; (3) Hipertens?o portal (LPVP) ? os ratos foram submetidos ? LPVP e administra??o de ve?culo: NaCl; e (4) hipertens?o portal + glutamina (LPVP + G) - os ratos foram submetidos ? LPVP e administra??o de glutamina. As consequ?ncias da hipertens?o portal, no intestino, foram determinadas por meio da avalia??o dos segmentos de intestino delgado para o estresse oxidativo, atrav?s da lipoperoxida??o, da atividade da enzima glutationa peroxidase, da express?o das enzimas eNOS e iNOS, al?m da an?lise das altera??es histopatol?gicas ap?s a LPVP. Resultados: A lipoperoxida??o da membrana foi mais expressiva no grupo de animais submetidos ? LPVP (P < 0,01). Entretanto, o grupo que recebeu a glutamina, mostrou n?veis de lipoperoxida??o, de forma similar aos grupos controles (P > 0,05). O grupo submetido ? LPVP apresentou mais altera??es da mucosa, quando comparado ao grupo que recebeu a glutamina durante os 7 dias seguintes ? LPVP e tamb?m aos grupos controles, por?m, estes achados n?o obtiveram signific?ncia estat?stica (P > 0,05). A atividade da enzima glutationa peroxidase estava diminu?da no intestino de animais submetidos ? LPVP, quando comparada a encontrada nos grupos controles sem a LPVP (P < 0,01). J? o grupo que recebeu a glutamina, mostrou uma redu??o menor, comparada ao grupo de LPVP sem o amino?cido. Este resultado tamb?m apresentou signific?ncia estat?stica (P < 0,05). Este grupo foi semelhante aos grupos controles (P > 0,05). A m?dia da ?rea, dosada atrav?s do m?todo de imunoistoqu?mica, da express?o da enzima eNOS para os grupos controles, foi similar. O grupo submetido ? LPVP mostrou a maior ?rea de concentra??o. O grupo LPVP + G foi o que teve a segunda maior ?rea, por?m com valores menores do que os encontrados no grupo do evento LPVP (P < 0,01). Para a enzima iNOS, os grupos controles, com e sem a glutamina, mostraram ?reas similares. O grupo da LPVP apresentou a maior ?rea de express?o da enzima, seguido pelo grupo LPVP + G por?m, esta ?rea foi significativamente menor do que a do grupo submetido ? LPVP sem a glutamina (P < 0,01). Conclus?es: Estes resultados demonstram que, o tratamento com glutamina, previne a les?o da mucosa do intestino, ap?s LPVP, em ratos.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-06T21:20:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WylquiMikaelGomesDeAndrade_DISSERT.pdf: 4821607 bytes, checksum: ca631cc1d1edb98183b539cabd333625 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-21T00:04:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 WylquiMikaelGomesDeAndrade_DISSERT.pdf: 4821607 bytes, checksum: ca631cc1d1edb98183b539cabd333625 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-21T00:04:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WylquiMikaelGomesDeAndrade_DISSERT.pdf: 4821607 bytes, checksum: ca631cc1d1edb98183b539cabd333625 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-24 / O ?xido n?trico (NO) ? uma mol?cula gasosa que exerce papel de neurotransmissor, regulando eventos sin?pticos e participando de fun??es neurais como mem?ria e aprendizado. No sistema nervoso, o NO ? catalisado pela ?xido n?trico sintase neuronal (nNOS). Por ser uma mol?cula gasosa, o NO pode se difundir livremente atravessando a membrana das c?lulas, desta forma agindo como um neurotransmissor retr?grado, geralmente considerado um moderador de a??o local. NO e nNOS s?o mol?culas altamente conservadas entre as esp?cies e est?o presentes no sistema nervoso de diversos vertebrados. N?s realizamos imunoistoqu?micas anti-nNOS e histoqu?micas para revela??o de NADPH-diaforase com o objetivo de investigar a distribui??o de c?lulas nitr?rgicas no compartimento subcortical do telenc?falo de moc? (Kerodon rupestris). Os dados mostram uma distribui??o heterog?nea de neur?nios imunorreativos a nNOS ou com atividade NADPH-diaforase ao longo de todo o compartimento subcortical. Observou-se neur?nios imunorreativos a nNOS no n?cleo accumbens, associando o NO a mecanismos de v?cio e recompensa; nos n?cleos da am?gdala e no hipocampo, podendo estar associados a aprendizado e mem?ria; no n?cleo intersticial da estria terminal, associado a comportamentos de defesa, analgesia e fun??es cardiovasculares; e nos n?cleos da base, sugerindo papel neuroprotetor e de regula??o neural do movimento, associando-se ainda a doen?as neurodegenerativas nessas regi?es. A distribui??o de NO no telenc?falo subcortical de moc? ? ampla, heterog?nea e complexa, mas guarda muitas semelhan?as com a distribui??o em outros roedores, o que pode significar um amplo papel do NO nas fun??es cerebrais desta esp?cie. Al?m disso, o mapeamento da distribui??o de nNOS est? sendo importante para a defini??o morfol?gica de certas ?reas encef?licas de moc?, em compara??o com outras esp?cies de roedores e outros mam?feros. / Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that acts as a neurotransmitter, regulating synaptic events and participating in neural functions such as memory and learning. In the nervous system, NO is catalysed by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). As a gaseous molecule, NO can diffuse freely trespassing the cells membrane. Because of this NO can act as a retrograde neurotransmitter and is usually treated as a local moderator. NO and nNOS are highly conserved among species and are present in the nervous system of many vertebrates. We performed immunohistochemical anti-nNOS and histochemical for NADPH-diaphorase in order to investigate the distribution of nitrergic cells in the subcortical compartment of the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris) telencephalon. The data show a heterogeneous distribution of neurons immunoreactive to nNOS or with NADPH-diaphorase activity throughout the subcortical compartment. Neurons immunoreactive to nNOS were observed in the nucleus accumbens, associating NO with mechanisms of addiction and reward; in the nuclei of the amygdala and in the hippocampus, that are associated with learning and memory; in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, associated to defense behaviors, analgesia and cardiovascular functions; and in the basal nuclei, suggesting a putative neuroprotector role and neural regulation of the movement, being still associated with neurodegenerative diseases in these regions. The distribution of NO in the subcortical telencephalon of the rock cavy is broad, heterogeneous and complex, suggesting a broad role of NO in the cerebral functions of this species. In addition, the mapping of nNOS distribution is being important for the morphological definition of the rock cavy's brain areas in comparison with other species of rodents and other mammals.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-21T18:32:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucimarioThiagoFelixDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1666805 bytes, checksum: 491f0cadf9aec790018979edc6e49605 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-27T21:53:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LucimarioThiagoFelixDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1666805 bytes, checksum: 491f0cadf9aec790018979edc6e49605 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T21:53:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucimarioThiagoFelixDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1666805 bytes, checksum: 491f0cadf9aec790018979edc6e49605 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-21 / ?xido n?trico (NO) ? uma mol?cula gasosa importante em processos intra e extracelular, est? presente em v?rios tecidos, exercendo um papel importante no sistema imune, na regula??o da press?o sangu?nea, no relaxamento do m?sculo liso e na vasodilata??o via nervos perif?ricos. Por ser um g?s o NO atravessa livremente as membranas celulares. Portanto, na parte central do sistema nervoso age como um neurotransmissor em circuitos locais, distribuindo-se em curtas dist?ncias, difundindo-se de c?lula em c?lula participando de v?rias fun??es, como aprendizado e mem?ria, podendo mediar respostas excitat?rias a certos amino?cidos. O NO est? presente em v?rios n?cleos distribu?dos por todo o sistema nervoso e tem sido descrito em diversas esp?cies animais atrav?s da express?o de sua enzima de s?ntese, a NOS. Utilizando as t?cnicas de imunoistoqu?mica contra NOS e de histoqu?mica para marcar a atividade enzim?tica da NADPH diaforase, a NADPHd, n?s mapeamos a distribui??o de NO no tronco encef?lico de um roedor end?mico da caatinga brasileira que habita ?reas rochosas e tem h?bitos crepusculares, o moc? (Kerodon rupestris). Diversas regi?es e n?cleos do tronco encef?lico apresentaram imunorreatividade ao NOS ou atividade NADPHd. O presente trabalho mostra que em moc?, entre outras regi?es, NO est? em n?cleos do sistema visual prim?rio como os n?cleos pr?-tectais e col?culo superior; n?cleos do sistema auditivo como o complexo olivar, col?culo inferior e n?cleo coclear; em diversas subdivis?es da subst?ncia cinzenta periaquedutal, estrutura envolvida em comportamentos defensivos, nocicep??o e ansiedade, assim como o locus cer?leos onde NO tamb?m foi encontrado; subst?ncia negra, onde NO est? relacionado a encefalopatia hep?tica e com a doen?a de Parkinson em outros roedores. O grande n?mero de n?cleos nitr?rgicos e seu padr?o de distribui??o no tronco encef?lico de moc? foi semelhante ao observado em outras esp?cies de mam?feros, nos levando a concluir que a proximidade filogen?tica das esp?cies ? mantida na distribui??o de NO no tronco encef?lico de moc?. / Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas very important in intra and extracellular process. It is present in many tissues, having an important role in the immunological system, regulation of blood pressure, relaxation of the smooth muscle and vasodilatation through peripheral nervous system. As a gas, NO can pass freely through cell membranes. Therefore, it acts as a neurotransmitter of local action in the central nervous system, reaching short distances, diffusing from cell to cell. It has many functions as learning and memory and modulation of excitatory responses to aminoacids. NO is present in many areas throughout the brain and has been described in many animal species by the expression of its enzyme of synthesis, the NOS. Using immunohistochemistry against NOS and NADPH diaphorase histochemistry we described the distribution of NO in the brainstem of a rodent typical from the Brazilian caatinga, that inhabits rocky areas and has crepuscular habits, the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris). Several brainstem areas and nuclei presented immunorreactivity to NOS or NADPHd activity. Some of them showed a high density of immunostained neurons, for example the periaqueductal gray, the magnocellular nucleus of the posterior commissure and the interpeduncular nucleus. Others nuclei presented a moderated, as the posterior pretectal nucleus, olivary pretectal nucleus, layers of the superior colliculus and cuneate nucleus. Several showed a low density as the posterior commissure nuclei, paranigral nucleus external cortex of the inferior colliculus and the inferior oliva. Finally, there is nuclei with a very low density, for example the reticular part of the substantia nigra, the pararubral nucleus, the dorsal raphe nucleus, the gracile nucleus and interstitial nucleus of the medulla. The great number of nitrergic nuclei and its pattern of distribution in the rock cavy's brainstem is similar to the other mammals, leading us to conclude that the phylogenetic proximity between species is kept in the brainstem. The present work shows that among other regions the NO is in nuclei of the primary visual system as the pretectal nuclei and the superior coliculum; nuclei of the auditory system as the olivar complex, inferior coliculum and the coclear nuclei; it is in several divisions of the periaqueductal grey matter, strutucture involved in defensive behavior, nociception and anxiety, like the locus coeruleus, where NO also was find; the substantia nigra, where the NO has been related to hepatic encephalopatia and Parkinson's disease in other rodents.The great number of nitrergic nuclei and its pattern of distribution in the rock cavy's brainstem looked alike what is seen in other mammals, leading us to conclude that the philogenetic proximity of the species is mantained in the distribution of NO in the rock cavy's brainstem.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-21T18:43:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaEmanuelaMartinsDosReis_DISSERT.pdf: 5769860 bytes, checksum: 74ddebdf2f9b77f3786b50ef1260466c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-28T00:21:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaEmanuelaMartinsDosReis_DISSERT.pdf: 5769860 bytes, checksum: 74ddebdf2f9b77f3786b50ef1260466c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T00:21:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaEmanuelaMartinsDosReis_DISSERT.pdf: 5769860 bytes, checksum: 74ddebdf2f9b77f3786b50ef1260466c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O ?xido n?trico (NO) ? uma mol?cula muito simples (N=O), gasosa, com propriedades qu?micas de um radical livre e at? meados da d?cada de 1980 era considerado apenas membro de uma fam?lia de poluentes ambientais indesej?veis e carcin?genos potenciais. Desde sua descoberta no sistema nervoso, NO tem sido implicado em diversas fun??es, o que condiz com sua ampla distribui??o no enc?falo. NO tamb?m tem sido descrito no enc?falo de diversas esp?cies animais, mas ainda n?o foi descrito em moc? (Kerodon rupestris), um roedor end?mico da caatinga brasileira que habita ?reas rochosas e tem h?bitos crepusculares. Devido a estas caracter?sticas interessantes objetivamos descrever a distribui??o do NO do dienc?falo do moc?. Atrav?s das t?cnicas de imunoperoxidase padr?o contra a ?xido n?trico sintase (NOS), enzima de s?ntese de NO, e histoqu?mica para NADPH-diaforase pudemos identificar de forma indireta a presen?a de neur?nios nitr?rgicos ao longo de todo dienc?falo. O hipot?lamo apresentou uma densidade alta de neur?nios imunorreativos a NOS (NOS-IR) em v?rios n?cleos, dentre eles alguns como o n?cleo supra?ptico, decussa??o supra?ptica e a parte lateral da ?rea retroquiasm?tica. Com densidade moderada temos a ?rea pr?-?ptica lateral, o n?cleo pr?-?ptico magnocelular, a parte parvocelular anterior e a parte parvocelular medial do n?cleo paraventricular do hipot?lamo, o n?cleo ventrolateral do hipot?lamo, a parte peduncular da ?rea hipotal?mica lateral e o n?cleo posterior do hipot?lamo. A divis?o anterior do n?cleo ventromedial do hipot?lamo e a ?rea hipotal?mica dorsal apresentaram densidade baixa, e a parte lateral do n?cleo pr?-?ptico medial apresentou densidade muito baixa. No t?lamo, neur?nios NOS-IR estiveram presentes no n?cleo geniculado ventral com densidade alta. Na parte lateral do n?cleo habenular lateral, o n?cleo tal?mico posterodorsal ventral e a parte mediocaudal do n?cleo tal?mico posterior com densidade moderada. O n?cleo paraventricular do t?lamo, zona incerta e o n?cleo tal?mico parafascicular, apresentaram densidade baixa. Comparando nossos resultados com o descrito em outros animais podemos dizer que o sistema nitr?gico ? um sistema de neurotransmissor evolutivamente bem conservado. / Nitric oxide (NO) is a simple molecule (N=O), a gas with a free radical property whose until the 80s was considered a member of a family of environmental pollutants and a potential carcinogen. Since its discovery in the nervous system, NO has been implicated in several functions, what suits with its wide distribution in the brain. NO has been described in the brain of many animal species, but it was not described in the brain of the rocky cave (Kerodon rupestris), an endemic rodent of the Brazilian caatinga that inhabits rocky areas and have crepuscular habits. Due to these interesting characteristics we aim to describe the NO distribution of the rocky cavy diencephalon. Using standard immunoperoxidase against nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the NO synthesis enzyme, and histochemistry for NADPH-diaphorase, we were able to indirectly identify the presence of nitrergic neurons throughout the entire diencephalon. The hypothalamus showed a high density of NOS-IR neurons in several nuclei, among them the supraoptic nucleus, supraoptic decussation and the lateral part of the retrochiasmatic area. With moderate density we have the lateral pre-optic area, the preocular magnocellular nucleus, the anterior parvocellular part and the medial parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the ventrolateral nucleus of the hypothalamus, the peduncular part of the lateral hypothalamic area and the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus. The anterior division of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and the dorsal hypothalamic area presented low density, and the lateral part of the medial pre-optic nucleus presented very low density. In the thalamus, NOS-IR neurons were present in the ventral geniculate nucleus with high density. In the lateral part of the lateral habenular nucleus, the ventral posterodorsal thalamic nucleus and the mediocaudal part of the posterior thalamic nucleus with moderate density. The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, zona incerta and the parafascicular thalamic nucleus, presented low density. Comparing our results with those described in other animals we can say that the nitric system is an evolutionarily well-conserved neurotransmitter system.