The present work attempts to study the modes and instances through which the French Revolution is represented within a corpus of selected novels published between 1789 and 1800 in four national literatures, namely the French, English, American and Italian. By applying a methodology which defines itself as both sociological and narratological, we have sought to reevaluate a period traditionally excluded from literary historiography, by means of a survey and a listing of the novelistic fiction produced in the four fields. We have then inserted our quantitative data which clearly shows the steady growth in the production of novels as well as in the reading public during the 1790's, within the context of pre-revolutionary novelistic discourse from about 1760 onwards. / Our overall aim has then been to set up a general typology of literary narratives produced during the revolutionary period according to the model of circulation and reception of works which tends to establish the problematic implications of each text as well as its degree of conformity to narrative conventions canonized by tradition, so as to point out each instance in which a narrative emergence or displacement of literary themes has given rise to a representation of the French Revolution.

In order to understand the implications of Frege's Grundlagen der Arithmetik, we must bear in mind that Frege saw logic as an overarching discipline, necessary for all scientific enquiry. This consideration allows us to make sense of his logicism, the idea that arithmetic is embedded in logic, and his platonism, the commitment to the mind-independent nature of arithmetic objects, such as numbers. In 1902, Russell generated a paradox from Basic Law (V), found in the first volume of Grundgesetze, which suggested that Frege's entire logical system was inconsistent. Recent work by Boolos and Wright, have fenced off the damage and shown that the bulk of Frege's work is consistent. I shall argue, however, that their proposed solutions prove unsatisfactory with respect to Frege's view of logic and especially his logicism.

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Original contribution. A discussion of Carlo Lodoli's bi-fold understanding of indole (inherent nature); with respect to both meaning in architecture and the education of architects. / Carlo Lodoli (1690--1761) exists as a footnote in most major history books of modern architecture. He is typically noted for either his influence on the Venetian Neoclassical tradition or as an early prophet to some sort of functionalism. Though I would not argue his influence, I doubt his role in the development of a structurally determined functionalism. The issue of influence is always present as very little of his writings have survived and his built work amounts to a few windowsills. He did, however, teach architecture. I propose to explore the pedagogic potential of Lodoli's lessons of architecture. / Lodoli's teaching approach was not necessarily professional in that he did not instruct his students in the methods of drawing or construction techniques. Rather, his approach was dialogical. The topics were sweeping, often ethical, and ranged from the nature of truth to the nature of materials. Existing scholarship pertaining to Lodoli most often focuses upon his students' production of texts, projects, and projections. Andrea Memmo's Elementi dell'Architettura Lodoliana (1786, 1833) and Francesco Algarotti's Saggio sopra l'architettura (1756) are both specifically named by the respective authors as advancing Lodoli's architectural theories. Often overlooked are the apologues, or fables, used by Lodoli in lessons to his students. The main source for these fables is the Apologhi Immaginati (1787). Others were included in Memmo's Elementi. Apologues from both sources have been translated for the first time into English and can be found in Appendix I of the dissertation. / I look specifically to these stories to understand and illustrate Lodoli's approach to making, teaching and thinking. This is understood through Lodoli's characterisation of the identity of materials and of the self. Within this dissertation I intend to flesh out the textual and architectural fabric surrounding the pedagogic activities of the Venetian Friar known as the Socrates of Architecture, Carlo Lodoli.

This thesis analyzes the life and power politics of Pazvandoglu Osman, Ayan of Vidin, in the 18th century with references to the changes in the Ottoman provincial administration experienced between the 17th and 18th centuries. Osman&rsquo / s relations with the Ottoman central government and the policy that the latter followed towards him will also be given to show the Ottoman methods of coping with the oppositional groups in the provinces in the case of Pazvandoglu Osman in the 18th and 19th centuries. Moreover his relations with the people of Vidin as well as with the neighboring ayans will be displayed to examine how an ayan ruled and represented people and also how important an ayan was in the development of a city. In addition a description of the Ottoman Balkans in general and Vidin in particular will also be analyzed from the point of view of their contributions to the rise of Pazvandoglu Osman within the context of cause and effect relations.

vi, 405 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 1980

Vrije Univ., Diss.--Amsterdam, 1999. / Literaturverz. S. [205] - 216.

Zugl.: Bochum, Univ., Diss., 2004

The eighteenth century witnessed the proliferation of voluntary associations throughout the British-Atlantic world. These voluntary associations consisted of groups of men with common interests, backgrounds, or beliefs that were willing to pool their resources in order to achieve a common goal. Enlightenment Scotland was home to large numbers of clubs ranging from small social clubs to large national institutions. The records of these societies suggest that most, if not all, of the men who formed them believed that defining and performing Scottish identity was important to preserving the social and cultural traditions of Scottishness in the absence of state institutions. These patriotic associations followed Scots across the Atlantic and provided the model for similar clubs in the American colonies. This thesis examines the construction and performance of Scottish identity by Scottish clubs in Scotland and America from c.1750-1832. It, in contrast to the existing historiography of Scottish identity, asserts that associations were vehicles through which Scottish identity was constructed, expressed, and performed on both sides of the Atlantic. It demonstrates that clubs provided Scots with the tools to manufacture identities that were malleable enough to adapt within a wide variety of political and cultural environments. This was particularly important in a period that witnessed major political disruption in the shape of the American and French Revolutions. By directly comparing Scottish societies in both Scotland and America, the thesis also reassesses and revises common attitudes about the relationship between Scottish identities at home and in the wider diaspora. Often seen as distinct entities, this thesis emphasises the similarities in the construction of Scottish identity, even in divergent national contexts. Drawing on a variety of sources ranging from rulebooks, minute books, and published transactions to memoirs, newspaper articles, letters, and even material goods, this thesis reveals that the Scottish identity constructed and performed by associations in America was no less ‘Scottish’ than that formulated in Scotland, indeed it paralleled and built upon the practices and attitudes developed in the home country. It rested on the same foundation, yet followed a different political trajectory as a result of the differing environment in which it was expressed and the different communities of Scots that expressed it. Indeed, the comparison between Scottish clubs in Scotland and America demonstrates that modern Scottish identity is the creation of a diasporic, transnational Scottish experience.

La piraterie est un phénomène international depuis l'Antiquité. Sa répression a fait l'objet de différentes mesures de la part des États. Mais c'est du XVe au XVIIIe siècle que cette infraction a été reconnue comme crime international. La découverte du Nouveau Monde, le commerce et les profits qu'il a engendrés ont poussé les nations à prendre fait et cause contre « l'ennemi du genre humain ».Ainsi, les nations sont parvenues à mettre en place une définition commune puis à mettre en œuvre des instruments juridiques parachevant la compétence universelle. Ainsi définie, cette dernière permet à n'importe quel État de poursuivre et d'arrêter les pirates sans considération de naturalité et les autorise à les ramener dans leur pays pour qu'ils soient jugés selon leur droit interne. Cette répression particulière tient aux différents éléments constitutifs de l'infraction ainsi qu'au besoin d'efficacité de la répression.L'étude de la répression de la piraterie aux Caraïbes entre les XVe au XVIIIe siècles permet de comprendre la création de ce mécanisme particulier, d'en saisir les enjeux et les contours et d'appréhender plus facilement un mécanisme international encore exploité aujourd'hui. / Piracy is an international phenomenon since Antiquity. Its repression was the subject of different measures that states have taken. But, it's from the 15th century to the 18th century that its internationalization has been dedicated. The discovery of the New World, commerce and profits which it spawned have pushed nations to take up the case against “the enemy of the human kind”.Nations have thereby succeeded in establishing a common definition then to implement legal instruments allowing the application of the universal jurisdiction. Thus defined, this last allows any State to pursue and arrest pirates without consideration of naturality and to bring them in his country to been prosecuted according his internal law. This particular repression considers of his various components of the infraction as well as the need for an effective repression.Studying the repression of piracy in Caribbean between the 15th and the 18th centuries allows to get a better understanding of the creation of the particular mechanism of universal jurisdiction, to grasp its stakes and contours and to apprehend more easily an international mechanism still exploited today.