O conhecimento da incidência e das características do aborto provocado, sobretudo o ilegal, é de grande interesse tanto para a Saúde Pública, como para a Demografia. Não obstante, poucos são os estudos na América Latina e no Brasil, que se propõem a investigar sua ocorrência. Ocorre que a conotação de \"crime\", que lhe é atribuída, dificulta sobremaneira sua abordagem. A presente pesquisa foi realizada entre 2.000 mulheres em idade fértil - 15 a 49 anos -, residentes no sub-distrito de Vila Madalena, São Paulo, Brasil, com o objetivo central de aprofundar o conhecimento do aborto provocado, relacionando-o a variáveis sociais, econômicas e demográficas, reconhecidamente ligados à sua ocorrência, e, especialmente à fecundidade. Em caráter experimental, utilizou-se a Técnica de Resposta ao Azar (TRA) que, segundo a literatura internacional, propicia a obtenção de informação mais fidedigna. A avaliação da viabilidade deta técnica é outro objetivo da pesquisa. Pela TRA pôde-se estimar que 41 em cada 1.000 mulheres, provocaram um aborto em 1987, enquanto apenas 8 em 1000 mulheres admitiram, por abordagem direta, terem provocado um aborto nesse período. Os resultados confirmam, por um lado, omissões voluntárias de informação e, por outro, a conveniência de se trabalhar com a TRA. A análise de diferenciais dos abortos ocorridos no transcorrer da vida reprodutiva, identificou as não casadas, as sem nascidos vivos, as com menor nascimentos que o desejado, as que possuem entre 15 e 19 anos de idade, as que verbalizaram aceitar a prática do aborto provocado em qualquer circunstância, como sendo as categorias de mulheres que ao engravidarem, recorrem com maior intensidade ao abortamento provocado. Mediante o estabelecimento de paralelismos entre TRA e abordagem direta, pôde-se evidenciar que as mulheres que mais omitem informação são, em geral, as que mais abortam. A elaboração dos modelos multivariados, por sua vez, permitiu evidenciar que, não possuir restrições à prática do aborto e não ser casada, são potenciais fatores de risco. Ao que tudo indica, enquanto as mulheres não casadas, particularmente as solteiras, recorrem ao aborto para se livrarem de uma gravidez indesejada, as casadas o buscam para manter o número de filhos dentro dos limites desejados ou para espaçar um nascimento de outro. Há razões para se suspeitar que a prática do aborto se intensificará em nosso meio, num futuro próximo. Ao que parece, nem a renda familiar nem a escolaridade, intervêem na opção da mulher pelo aborto. Enfim, apesar das dificuldades existentes em se trabalhar o tema aborto, os resultados conseguidos nesta pesquisa, deste ponto de vista, superaram a expectativa, fundamentalmente, em função do sucesso da TRA. / The incidence and associated factors related with illegal induced abort are areas of interest for Public Health and Demography. Nevertheless, there are few studies in Brazil and others countries of Latin America about it. It\' s possible that this omission can be justified by the fact that abort is considered crime in these countries. This study looks toward filling this lack of infonnation. An specific questionnaire was used to get more trustworthy information, the Randomized Response Technic (RRT). The results of this questionnaire were compared with the usual direct way of getting information. Social, economic and demographic variables related with fertility were studied. The studied population was two thousand women between 15 and 49 years old, the fertile period. They live on Vila Madalena, a neighborhood of São Paulo city, Brazil. The estimate incidence of induced abort in 1987 by RRT was 41/1000 women and by the usual direct way was 8/1000 women. This difference justify the use of the RRT in this kind of research. It was observed that women who more omit information, have more history of abort. The univariate analyses identified the following associated factors with induced abort: not married, without lifeborn children, age between 15 and 19 years old, those who accept the practice of induced abmt in any circumstance, and women with less children then desired. At the multivariate analyses, it remained in the model the following factors: not married and accept the practice of induced abort in any circumstance. Family income and schoollevel were not associated with induced abort in this studied population. The results are coherent with what it\'s expected and they demonstrate the value of the RRT questionnaire.

The publics attitudes towards abortion have been of great interest since the womens liberation movement began in the late 1960s (Hess & Rueb ,2015). Several studeis have shown that religious affliation has a special influence towards abortion. Controversy over the legal status of abortion has been an importnat feature of poltics over the world. This study has administrated a 17-item abortion attitude survey, to determine potential factors correlated with abortion. several factors such as religiosity, ones definition as to when life begins have been the measurments of abortion attitudes. The main purpose of the survey was to investigate the attitude of religious and non-religious Ethiopian immigrants towards abortion. The svrvey was conducted through questionnaries. The total participants were 40 men and women. The respondents for this survey were chosen from the Ethiopian community in stockholm. The result of the study has shown firstly, there was no attitude difference between women and men towrds abortion. Secondly, the result has shown that most of religious people were against the practice of abortion and finally, the survey has revealed that there was no significant interaction between gender and belief.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of hysterotomy in second trimester termination of pregnancy, including differences in women that abort following medical induction and those that fail to abort requiring surgical abortion, and the factors that influence choice of surgical operation. METHOD: Records of all women (n=1080) who presented for elective second termination of pregnancy (14-20weeks) in the years 2008 until 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Theatre records were also used to verify the operation. The women were divided into two groups according to the method of abortion they finally responded to: a medical group that aborted following medical induction (n=1715), and a surgical group that failed to abort following medical induction (n=88). Apart from demographics, the surgical group was studied further in detail of previous uterine operation, surgical operation done for current abortion, complication profile and seniority of operating surgeon. RESULTS: Failed medical induction accounted for 5% of all second trimester abortions. The incidence of hysterotomy was 52% in the surgical group and 2.5% of all the second trimester abortions. Hysterotomy was more common in higher gestations (p=0.005). Suction curettage was frequent as a surgical abortion method in gestations below 16 weeks. Nulliparous women were more likely to fail to abort than multiparous women (p=0.002) and those with twin pregnancy more likely to abort on medical induction (p<0.001). Surgical evacuation was done mostly by registrars and consultants (senior members of staff). The two common complication profiles were haemorrhage and incomplete evacuation of the uterus. No cases of uterine perforation were identified, and there were no intensive care unit admissions and no deaths.

Accompaniment models have been used globally to help address barriers to abortion access. Access to abortion is an important issue facing individuals in Canada today. In Canada, abortion doulas provide accompaniment services, even though they are not formally integrated into the abortion care system. This thesis explores the concept of accompaniment in the context of abortion care and provides insight into the experiences and perspectives of abortion doulas active in Canada. This is accomplished through a scoping review and in-depth interviews with abortion doulas across Canada. Results suggest that accompaniment models are beneficial to abortion care and can improve accessibility. Further, abortion doula support helps abortion seekers overcome barriers to care and empower those providing the support. Abortion doulas have many suggestions for improvements to the abortion care system in Canada and have valuable insights into the barriers which exist today. Abortion care can be improved by integrating abortion doula support into the abortion care system, but further research is needed to develop and evaluate interventions. This research is a starting point and aims to contribute to the literature in an under-researched area. -- Des modèles d'accompagnement ont été utilisés dans le monde entier pour aider à lever les obstacles à l'accès à l'avortement. L'accès à l'avortement est une question importante auquel les individus au Canada sont confrontés. Au Canada, les doulas spécialisées dans l'avortement fournissent des services d'accompagnement, même si elles ne sont pas officiellement intégrées au système de soins lié à l'avortement. Cette thèse explore le concept d'accompagnement dans le contexte des soins liés à l'avortement et donnera un aperçu des expériences ainsi que les points de vue des doulas spécialisées dans ce domaine au Canada. Afin de démontrer ceci, la thèse s'appuie sur un examen de la portée de l'étude et sur des entretiens approfondis avec des doulas spécialisées dans l'avortement au Canada. Les résultats suggèrent que les modèles d'accompagnement sont bénéfiques aux soins liés à l'avortement et peuvent en améliorer l'accessibilité. De plus, le soutien des doulas aide les personnes qui cherchent à se faire avorter à surmonter les obstacles aux soins et renforce l'autonomie de celles qui offrent ce soutien. Les doulas d'avortement ont de nombreuses suggestions pour améliorer le système de soins en matière d'avortements au Canada et ont des idées précieuses au sujet des obstacles qui existent aujourd'hui. Les soins liés à l'avortement peuvent être améliorés en intégrant le soutien des doulas dans le système de soins liés à l'avortement, mais d'autres recherches sont nécessaires afin de développer et évaluer les interventions. Cette recherche est un point de départ et vise à apporter une contribution à la littérature sur un domaine peu étudié.

This Honors Undergraduate Thesis seeks to examine the influences of public opinion on abortion policy. Race, Partisanship, and Gender are identified as driving forces which influences the public's opinion. As social and racial movements continue to progress so does the influence that it has on policy makers.

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Four short-term interventions (relaxation instructions, cognitive imagery instructions, cognitive modeling, and vicarious modeling) were experienced by 105 first-trimester abortion patients, to determine their effects on abortion pain and self-efficacy in handling abortion pain, as measured by self-report. No significant differences were found among treatment group and controls. In fact, no significant increases were found among groups in the time the patients spent engaging in activities suggested by instructions. However, abortion patients were found to show significant differences in abortion pain and distress by whether they had experienced natural childbirth training. Also, a sensitivity to staff attitudes was revealed by the finding of differences among counselors on patient pain sensations. Abortion was found to. be more painful by the women in this experiment than has been previously reported. However, women were able to accurately predict how well they were I going to handle abortion pain and how distressed it was going to make them.

Since 1990s, World Health Organization defines abortion as safe if it was done with a recommended method that was appropriate to the pregnancy duration and if the person providing the abortion was trained. In this study, we used a three-tiered categorization on abortion safety. Abortion is less safe if the pregnancy was terminated either by untrained individuals or under dangerous methods, and least safe if neither of the two criteria was met. We included all available empirical data on abortion methods, providers, and settings, and factors affecting safety as covariates to estimate the global, regional, and sub regional distributions of abortion by safety categories for the period 2010-2014. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model with two regression submodels to estimate abortion safety. One submodel estimated safe proportions and the other one divided unsafe into less safe and least safe proportions. Country intercepts were included in both submodels and estimated using hierarchical models. Data sources were assigned varying levels of uncertainty or treated as minima or maxima to reflect quality of reporting. We constructed 90% highest density intervals as credible intervals to reflect uncertainty in final outcomes. We carried out model selection using information criteria. We examined model validation and carried out various checks to verify the sensitivity of reporting to prior distributions used and outlying countries. We found that the model was reasonably well calibrated and subregional estimates were not sensitive to outlying observations or prior choice. Of the 55· 7 million abortions that occurred worldwide each year between 2010–14, we estimated that 30·6 million (54·9%, 90% uncertainty interval 49·9–59·4) were safe, 17·1 million (30·7%, 25·5–35·6) were less safe, and 8·0 million (14·4%, 11·5–18·1) were least safe. The proportion of unsafe abortions was significantly higher in developing countries than developed countries, and significantly higher in countries with highly restrictive abortion laws than in those with less restrictive laws. In-depth assessments of data quality and factors affecting abortion safety in outlying countries may result in further model improvements.