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Selection of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Metabolites for Preventing and Treating InfectionsWang, Yvonne Unknown Date
No description available.
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Étude du récepteur nucléaire FXR en contexte épithélial intestinal : activité et régulation de l'expression 3Leclerc, Simon January 2012 (has links)
Le récepteur nucléaire FXR (NR1H4) possède quatre isoformes exprimés principalement dans le foie (FXR[alpha]1 et FXR[alpha]2) et dans l'intestin (FXR[alpha]3 et FXR[alpha]4). Le rôle de FXR dans l'homéostasie des acides biliaires au sein du système digestif est bien documenté. Récemment, de nouvelles fonctions ont été attribuées à FXR dans l'intestin et une étude de ChIP-seq montre que les sites de liaison de FXR dans le génome diffèrent entre le foie et l'intestin. Notre hypothèse de recherche est que FXR contribue au maintien d'un épithélium intestinal intègre et fonctionnel en influençant des processus biologiques autres que la régulation de l'absorption des acides biliaires, et ce, par l'activation de la transcription de nouveaux gènes cibles dans l'intestin. Notre premier objectif consistait en l'identification de nouvelles cibles transcriptionnelles de FXR. Le modèle cellulaire Caco-2/15 est utilisé comme modèle d'entérocytes différenciés et l'expression de FXR augmente lors de la différenciation de ces cellules pour atteindre un niveau maximal vers 20 jours post-confluence. Dans ces cellules bien différenciées, une expérience de micro-puce à ADN révèle que l'activation de FXR par son agoniste synthétique le GW 4064 module significativement l'expression de gènes associés à différents processus biologiques tels l'organisation du cytosquelette et l'adhésion biologique. Nous avons confirmé que l'expression des gènes des protéines structurales MYO1A, MYO7A et DST est régulée positivement par l'activation de FXR, sans doute de manière indirecte puisque nous n'avons pas observé par ChIP que FXR se liait au promoteur de ces gènes. Pour identifier de nouvelles cibles directes de FXR, un criblage par qPCR selon divers critères a été réalisé. Ainsi, nous avons confirmé que le gène de SLC20A1, un transporteur de phosphore, est régulé positivement par l'activation de FXR. De plus, selon nos essais de ChIP, FXR se lie au promoteur de SLC20A1 suggérant une activation directe de la transcription. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie à un rôle auparavant insoupçonné de FXR dans des processus liés à l'absorption du phosphore. Notre deuxième objectif qui était d'étudier la régulation de l'expression différentielle des isoforme de FXR a été réalisé par des essais luciférase et nous amène à croire que le promoteur des isoformes intestinaux est régulé par la présence du facteur de transcription Cdx2. En effet, le promoteur FXR[alpha]3/[alpha]4 présente un site de liaison à Cdx2 contrairement au promoteur FXR[alpha]1/[alpha]2. De plus, en contexte où les facteurs hépatiques et intestinaux HNF1[alpha] et HNF4[alpha] sont présents, Cdx2 rétablit un fort niveau d'activité au promoteur FXR[alpha]3/[alpha]4 et non au promoteur FXR[alpha]1/[alpha]2. Pour conclure, ce projet de recherche montre bien que FXR dans un modèle mimant un contexte physiologique est capable d'activer des gènes cibles jusqu'ici inconnus et que l'expression des isoformes intestinaux est régulée de façon distincte par Cdx2 dans ce tissu.
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Heterogeneously Catalyzed Valorization of Monoterpenes to High Value-Added Chemicals / Uppgradering av monoterpener till specialkemikalier med högt förädlingsvärde via heterogen katalysGolets, Mikhail January 2014 (has links)
A potential industrial process is profitable only if it is successfully implemented by the continuously developing chemical industry. Throughout last decades heterogeneous catalysis has opened doors to the creation of various know-how products which previously were considered unfeasible. Moreover, the use of heterogeneous catalysts allows improving existing processes to shift towards more ecological and cost efficient practices. In particular, polymer or fuel compounds could be eco-friendly produced from wood extractives, as an alternative to the conventional oil resources. This goal becomes even more attractive in light of the upcoming peak-oil. In the Nordic pulping industry turpentine is widely available as a tonnage by-product. Despite its interesting properties and promising application possibilities this fraction is commonly burned in the recovery boilers for energy. Although the chemical composition of turpentine depends strongly on the specific pulping process, α-pinene is the predominant compound and as such most studied. The general message of this thesis is the successful implementation of the heterogeneous catalysts in one-pot value-added upgrading of crude turpentine and specific terpenes, particularly α-pinene. Concepts allowing the production of fragrances, resins, plastics and pharmaceutical compounds are presented in the current study. Both commercial (Amberlyst 70) and self-prepared (Me/Al-SBA-15 or TiO2) catalysts were studied in several reactions including: acetoxylation, isomerization, dehydroisomerisation and oxidation. Both commercially purified α-pinene and crude thermo-mechanical turpentine were used as raw materials in the catalytic one-pot synthesis of value-added compounds. The experiments were performed in both batch and continuous reactor systems depending on the studied reaction. Successful results were obtained in case of several reactions. As an example, upon acetoxylation of α-pinene valuable fragrances – α-terpinyl and bornyl acetates – were produced with yields of 35 and 40 wt-%, respectively. Furthermore, in the dehydroisomerisation reaction of α-pinene, a yield of around 80 wt-% of an important fragrance, solvent and plastics precursor, ρ-cymene, was obtained. In the last case, thermo-mechanical turpentine was also successfully utilized. Still, some α-pinene oxidation tests leading to α-pinene oxide and verbenone fragrances were also carried out. Upon this study, further oxidation of ρ-cymene lead to the formation of ρ-methyl-acetophenone, a product essential for perfumery, pharmaceutical and pesticide industry as well as a potent polymer precursor. In addition, isomerization reactions were performed. Additionally, the catalytic materials were thoroughly characterized and analyzed.
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A measurement of the branching ratio of the decay [tau] lepton to five charged hadronsKormos, Laura Lee 10 November 2011 (has links)
Graduate
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A study of alpha particle widths in light nuclei using elastic alpha particle scatteringHesmondhalgh, Serena Katherine Beatrice January 1985 (has links)
36Ar reaction. The alpha decay width and the total width of this state has been determined. The systematics of T = 2 states in A = 4N nuclei is discussed in connection with this measurement since data are now available on all such nuclei up to mass 44.
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Study of the stopping power and straggling for alpha particles in liquids and their vapoursNikjoo, H. January 1984 (has links)
No description available.
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A radiochemical study of (p,a) reactions /Kantelo, Martti Victor. January 1975 (has links)
No description available.
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Altered Affect, Monoamine Transmitters and Bioenergetic Homeostasis of Alpha-synuclein-transgenic Mice, in the Presence and Absence of Endogenous Alpha-synucleinCumyn, Elizabeth M. 22 July 2010 (has links)
Parkinson’s disease can be caused by A53T or A30P mutations in the α-synuclein (SNCA) gene, or by multiplication of the gene locus. Patients often experience depression and anxiety. We investigated affect, serotonin content and bioenergetic homeostasis of mice expressing human wild-type (WT), A53T, A30P or A53T+A30P (DM) SNCA transgenes. A30P-Tg mice displayed altered affect, increased serotonin turnover and reduced ATP and complex I+III activity. To determine whether murine α-synuclein (Snca) might mask effects SNCA transgenes we re-examined effects of SNCA transgenes in Snca-/- mice. SNCA transgenes rescued anxiety, serotonin levels and ATP content in Snca-/- mice. Only A53T SNCA abrogated behavioural despair associated with decreased norepinephrine in Snca-/- brains. The A53T residue is the natural sequence of murine Snca, and appears to be important for synuclein function in mice. The Snca-/- mouse provides a means to study the effects of SNCA mutants, and the physiologic roles of Snca in vivo.
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A further investigation of alpha feedback training /De Ridder, Craig Anthony. January 1975 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (B.A. (Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Psychology, 1976.
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The pH-dependence of [alpha]-Amylase catalysis /Nielsen, Jens Erik. January 2000 (has links) (PDF)
Univ., Diss.--Marburg, 2000.
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