Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-211). Also available on the Internet.

In the years that immediately followed the victory of the rebel forces in 1959, the new leaders of the Cuban Revolution seemed to approach the task of revolutionary governance as a continuation of the guerrilla campaign in the sierra. The leadership's empirical management of the Revolution in power betrayed its guerrilla roots, and resulted in an inchoate political system headed by charismatic guerrilleros. By the end of the first decade, however, it seemed that the Revolution's guerrilla past had been all but forgotten, as it established closer ties with the Soviet Union and subsequently underwent a process of 'institutionalisation'. Since that time, many Western scholars of Cuba have commented on the increased role of the military in the revolutionary leadership, and in other aspects of the Revolution which would normally be considered to be beyond the remit of most armed forces. These scholars have concluded that the pervasive presence of the military is evidence of the 'militarisation' of the Cuban Revolution. This thesis calls into question this notion of a 'militarised' Revolution by arguing that such a perspective overlooks the guerrilla origins of both the Cuban armed forces and the Revolution more broadly, in addition to the signs and symbols that point to an on-going legacy of these origins in revolutionary Cuba. Using evidence derived from an analysis of the hegemonic discourse of the Revolution at different stages in its trajectory, this study demonstrates that the lived experience of guerrilla warfare has shaped the beliefs and values that have underpinned the Revolution since 1959. Together, these beliefs and values comprise a unique political culture in which the figure of the guerrillero is revered, and in which the guerrilla campaigns of the Cuban historical narrative are presented as unfinished struggles. The thesis argues that the active cultivation of this political culture has contributed to legitimising the long-standing presence of former guerrilleros in the revolutionary leadership, and has helped to gamer the support of civilians for the revolutionary project. In addition to challenging the idea of a 'militarised' Revolution, this study also undermines the widely accepted notion that the Revolution was thoroughly 'Sovietised' during its second decade. An examination of the hegemonic discourse of the 1970s reveals that, while the Revolution transformed structurally during those years, the guerrilla ethos which had buttressed the revolutionary project in the 1960s remained unchanged.

This thesis examines the consequences of tourism in Bocas del Toro, Panamá and how tourism impacts residents, both those who prosper more from tourism and also those who benefit less. Utilizing qualitative research methods, residents were interviewed about how they think about and understand tourism development and its impact on the island. These findings are then put into conversation with critical development and planning literature, specifically focusing on people’s understandings of tourism in Bocas del Toro and how this affects the social relationships between foreigners and locals. These relationships are then discussed within the broader social and economic context that shapes tourism development in Latin America. / text

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1964 Annual Report to the United States Weather Bureau, Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D.C. / Project: Dendroclimatic History of the United States. OC 406. Grant Cwb-10798 / December 31, 1964 / Introduction: The details of the climatic history of the United States during recent centuries are not known. In this period, as in more ancient times, there is much indirect evidence of significant changes of climate. Dendroclimatic analysis represents an especially promising source of information on the chronology and character of such climatic changes, especially those in the semiarid regions of western North America. It is the purpose of this report to present: (1) some recent analyses of the climatic factors influencing ring growth; (2) a brief discussion of the current theory concerning the model of tree growth and climate and (3) a first approximation of synoptic dendroclimatological patterns from 1500 A.D. to 1940 A.D. using 26 selected tree-ring chronologies from western North America. This material is being circulated to professionals in related fields in hopes that they may compare these results with their own findings and make appropriate criticisms. The authors welcome any suggestions, especially those pertaining to correlation or lack of correlation of the maps with other lines of evidence. The paper is to be presented at the VII International Congress of the International Association for Quaternary Research which meets at Boulder, Colorado, during August of 1965. The analyses of the tree growth relationships were sponsored in part by the National Geographic Society and the U. S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, through the Wetherill Mesa Archeological Project. The authors are indebted to past and present staff at the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research for the development of the regional tree-ring chronologies, and to the Numerical Analysis Laboratory, The University of Arizona, for free computing time and services. They are also indebted to James A. Erdman, Maurice E. Cooley, Nicholas Matelas, and Julie McMahan, who assisted in various phases of the project.

Reprinted from: Monthly Weather Review, Vo. 93, No. 7, Pp. 421 to 443, 1965 / The relationships between climatic factors and fluctuations in dated tree-ring widths are statistically evaluated. A wide ring indicates that the year's climate was moist and cool, and a narrow ring dry and warm. In general, ring width relates to a 14-month period from June through July but most tree-ring chronologies exhibit a closer relationship with autumn, winter, and spring moisture than with summer moisture. The climatic relationships for evergreen trees are attributed largely to the influence of environmental factors on photosynthesis and the accumulation of food reserves. Under abnormally dry and warm conditions, especially during the autumn, winter, and spring, little food is accumulated, new cells are formed more slowly during the growing period, and the resulting ring is narrow. Relative 10 -yr. departures are calculated for the entire length of 26 tree -ring chronologies from western North America. Those portions after 1500 are used to map areas of high and low moisture. Periods of widespread drought are noted in 1576-1590, 1626-1635, 1776-1785,1841-1850, 1871-1880, 1931-1940. Periods of widespread and above average moisture occurred during 1611-1625,1641-1650, 1741-1755, 1826-1840, 1906-1920. The moist periods of 1611-1625, and 1906-1920 were most widespread and markedly above average.

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