This study compared heterosexual and homosexual males’ androgyny and attitudes toward women. Twenty-two homosexual and 34 heterosexual, white, single, university males completed the short version Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS) (Spence, Helmreich and Stapp, 1973) and Bem’s Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) (Bem, 1974).It was hypothesized that 1) Male homosexuals hold more liberal views toward women than male heterosexuals and, 2) Male homosexuals are more androgynous than male heterosexuals.A multivariate analysis of variance, on the AWS and BSRI, indicated a significant difference between the homosexual and heterosexual groups (p<.0002). In addition, univariate analysis showed the significant difference accounted for by responses to the AWS (p<.0001) and not by differences in BSRI scores (p, n.s.). Thus, Hypothesis 1 was supported and Hypothesis 2 rejected. Psychological and political implications of this investigation are discussed.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-92).

Thesis (M. Div.)--St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, Crestwood, N.Y., 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [51]-52).

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1986. / Title from title page screen, viewed July 22, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Franklin G. Lewis (chair), Larry D. Kennedy, Samuel J. Mungo, Ann E. Nolte. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-76) and abstract. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison,1983. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-131).

No description available.

It has been asserted that androgynous individuals are both competent and flexible and that, as such, they should be most likely to be authoritative parents (highly demanding/highly responsive) (Spence & Helmreich, 1978). However, studies examining the association between psychological androgyny and this optimal parenting strategy (Baumrind, 1982; Spence & Helmreich, 1978) have reached conflicting conclusions. The position taken in this study is that there is a logical association between androgyny and authoritative parenting at the construct level, but that the component of androgyny critical to this link is functional flexibility (the ability to appropriately deploy both masculine and feminine attributes across multi-interpersonal domains) rather than the simple possession of both masculine and feminine traits per se. In view of this argument, earlier studies share a significant limitation. Their operational definitions of androgyny fail to reflect the functional flexibility aspect of the construct definition, thus allowing individuals who possess both masculine and feminine traits but who are not functionally flexible to be classified as androgynous. This study had two objectives. The first was to retest Spence and Helmreich's (1978) hypothesis that androgyny is positively related to authoritative parenting using a measure which would assess functional flexibility. The second objective was to demonstrate that authoritative parenting requires flexibility with respect to a whole range of interpersonal abilities rather than simply masculine and feminine attributes. A sample of 96 mothers with children between the ages of 7 and 12 were asked to complete a battery of questionnaires which included Bern's (1974) Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), Paulhus and Martin's (1987) Battery of Interpersonal Capabilities (BIC), and the Block (1965) Childrearing Practices Report: Q-Sort (CRPR). Contrary to what was expected, neither androgyny nor flexibility with respect to the whole range of interpersonal attributes was positively associated with authoritative parenting. Certain problems with the content of the parenting measure may have contributed to the lack of association. To minimize some of the problems with its content the method of using the parenting Q-sort was revised. The new analyses involved categorizing mothers according to warmth and demandingness--a method similar to that used in earlier studies. In these further analyses few significant differences in parenting style were found between androgynous mothers and other mothers. The most notable difference arose when the sex of the child was considered. Although, overall, androgynous mothers were not more likely to be bad parents, they were more likely than other mothers to be permissive with their sons. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

Recent research into sex roles has been heavily influenced by androgyny theory, and by the development of the Bern Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI; Bern, 1974). Psychological androgyny is the combination, in one individual, of both culturally defined masculine and feminine personality traits. The Sex-Rep, a new instrument for assessing sex role which is aimed at rectifying certain problems associated with the BSRI, was then described. The Sex-Rep, the BSRI (Bern, 19 34), the Texas Social Behavior Inventory (TSBI; Spence & Stapp, 1974), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, Beck, 1967), and a self-concept thermometer, were given to 100 male and 108 female undergraduates. Results indicated that the BSRI and the Sex-Rep are both valid sex-role instruments, insofar as they both discriminate between males and females. They tend to measure nonredundant components of sex role as indicated by a lack of overlap between their sex-role classifications. The present study did not find any support for the balance model of androgyny which suggests that high masculinity and high femininity interact by balancing each other to produce a healthier, more behaviorally flexible individual. BSRI masculinity (M) was strongly related to adjustment in both sexes, but BSRI femininity (F) had little impact. This relationship between BSRI M and adjustment was described as probably resulting from measurement artifact since (&) only socially desirable traits are included on the BSRI, (b) removing self-esteem effects from the BSRI M scale enhanced its ability to discriminate between the sexes, (c) Sex-Rep masculinity was not related to adjustment for women, and its linkage to adjustment for men was less strong than BSRI M, (d) women rated their feminine constructs as more desirable than their masculine constructs, and (e) there were no actual self-esteem differences between males and females. Thus, findings from the BSRI regarding the relationship between sex role and adjustment must be called into question. Furthermore, since there is little overlap between genderrelated personal construals and social stereotypes, it is important to discover the effects of personal gender identity on personality and behavior.

This paper attempts to analyze different representations of "androgyny‟ as fashion tendency in contemporary fashion magazines (Vogue, i-D and LOVE Magazine) for the period of 2010 and 2011. In order to show the development of "androgyny‟ as fashion tendency, this study first explores how androgyny metamorphosed from a "hidden‟ signifier of unconventional sexuality to "visible‟ postmodern teaser for sexual identities. Currently, we live in the "Age of Androgyny‟ where the modern androgynous dandy is being seen as an aphrodisiac for the fashion industry. This study also tries to provide explanation of how "androgyny‟ and "dandyism‟ evolved from concepts to parallel trends in fashion due to their frequent and simultaneous reappearance in fashion media. In order to create nuanced portrayal in the understanding of androgyny and dandyism, qualitative method was used by describing, analysing and interpreting the representation of these trends in three different fashion and art publications. The fact that this tendency for "gender fusion‟ is increasingly finding its way into mainstream culture, with emphsis on the fashion industry, raises the question of whether the society is more open towards different gender expressions or is "androgyny‟ just another exploitative form for the fashion industry.

The present study examined the relationship between the sex role orientations of college students and their mothers' employment history. The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and a Parental Employment History Questionnaire were administered to 151 male and female undergraduates. Sixutilized standard score measures of sex role orientation from the BSRI as criterion variables. Predictor variables included sex of subjects, parents in the home, type of maternal employment and number of years mothers worked in full or part time postions. No significant relationships were determined between maternal employment and the sex role orientations of adult offspring. Implications and possible avenues for further research in sex role and maternal employment research are discussed.