Fundamentando-se nas perspectivas teóricas da análise do discurso de linha francesa e da psicanálise lacaniana, busca-se investigar o significante corpo em uma paciente anoréxica. Considerando-se que o caráter primordial do significante se exerce em relação ao sujeito, buscamos compreender o sujeito anoréxico através da investigação do significante corpo. O material analisado foi constituído por uma entrevista semi-estruturada, realizada com uma paciente diagnosticada como anoréxica, em tratamento no Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. De acordo com os referenciais teóricos, a análise dos dados foi qualitativa e obedeceu ao paradigma indiciário. A análise da entrevista permitiu-nos observar que o significante \"corpo\" atrelou-se aos significantes \"peso\" e \"alimentação\" em uma mesma cadeia: como \"a única coisa que eu consigo controlar na minha vida\". O significante corpo constituiu, para o sujeito, a via encontrada na busca por sua alteridade. Desse modo, essa cadeia significante veio compor a ordem da identidade e da alteridade, sob a égide do (sem)controle. Concluímos que a queixa muda da anoréxica, enunciada sob o comportamento da recusa alimentar, era dirigida ao Outro como uma tentativa de alcançar sua alteridade. / Basing theoretical perspectives of analysis on the discourse of the Lacanian and the French line of psychoanalysis, the body signifier of an anorexic patient was investigated. Remembering that the primordial character of the signifier exerts an influence on the subject, we attempted to understand the anorexic individual through an investigation of body signifiers. The analyzed material was formed from a semi-structured interview of a patient diagnosed as anorexic, who was being treated in the Teaching Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. According to theoretical references, data analysis was qualitative and followed the indicated paradigm. Analysis of the interview allowed us to observe that the body signifier was linked to the ?weight? and ?feeding? signifiers in a single chain, as ?the only thing that I can control in my life?. The body signifier constituted, for the individual, the way the patient found to identify her alterity. Thus, this signifier chain established the order of the identity and alterity, by the support of (lack of)control. In conclusion, the silent complaint of anorexia, confirmed by the behavior of refusing to eat, is directed at the ?Big Other? in an attempt to attain alterity.

Os transtornos alimentares se caracterizam por comportamentos inadequados no consumo e padrão alimentar, além de crenças equivocadas sobre alimentação, que ocasionam uma piora da qualidade nutricional. Os Transtornos alimentares são determinados por uma etiologia multifatorial, onde os fatores socioculturais, as diferenças étnicas e psicossociais, associados à vulnerabilidade biológica, tem grande importância no desencadeamento, manutenção e perpetuação dos sintomas alimentares. Na Anorexia Nervosa o medo intenso ou mórbido de engordar representa o aspecto psicopatológico central desta doença. Estes pacientes caracterizam-se por uma excessiva perturbação da imagem corporal e pela busca incessante da magreza. Em função do medo de engordar, são incapazes de manter o peso em medidas ideais, além de apresentarem comportamentos alimentares inadequados na intenção de perpetuar o baixo peso. Para a compreensão dinâmica da personalidade destes pacientes é de extrema importância o conhecimento da personalidade na patogênese e patoplastia deste transtorno. Neste sentido, o Inventário de Temperamento e Caráter avalia fatores de temperamento e caráter aplicados à percepção dos traços de personalidade de pacientes com o transtorno alimentar, no caso, Anorexia Nervosa. Este trabalho teve como o objetivo avaliar os traços de personalidade, segundo o Inventário de Temperamento e Caráter (ITC), em pacientes com anorexia nervosa e compara-los a um grupo controle. Os RESUMO resultados indicaram que estes pacientes apresentam características sóciodemográficas de uma população jovem, com início do transtorno na adolescência, composta por mulheres, de etnia branca e solteiras. Os pacientes com Anorexia Nervosa diferenciam-se do grupo controle devido à presença de sintomatologia depressiva moderada pelo BDI. Além disso, na avaliação de personalidade confirmou-se a presença de elevados traços em esquiva ao dano e diminuídos em autodirecionamento nos pacientes com AN comparados aos controles normais. Houve diferenciação entre o grupo restritivo e purgativo na dimensão busca de novidades. A exclusão de pacientes com sintomatologia depressiva grave não interferiu na análise dos resultados dos traços de personalidade. / The eating disorders are characterized by behavior not good in consumption and dietary patterns, and wrong beliefs about diet that cause a worser nutritional quality. The Eating disorders are determined by a multifactorial etiology, where the sociocultural factors, psychosocial and ethnic differences associated to the biological vulnerability, have been great importance in triggering, maintenance and perpetuation of food´s symptoms. In anorexia nervosa the intense fear or morbid to be fat is the psychopathological central aspect of this disease. These patients are characterized by an excessive disturbance of theirs body image and the incessant quest for thinness. Depending on the fear of fat, are unable to keep the weight on measures ideals, and doing inadequate eat in order to perpetuate the low weight. To understand the dynamics of personality of these patients is very important knowledge of the personality and patoplasty in the pathogenesis of this disorder. In this case the Inventory of Temperament and Character value factors of temperament and character applied to the perception of the personality traits of patients with the eating disorder, in the case, anorexia nervosa. This study have been evaluate how the traits of personality, according to the inventory of Temperament and Character (ITC) in patients to anorexia nervosa and compares them to a control group. The results indicated that these patients present social-demographic characteristics of a young population, beginning the disorder in adolescence, composed of women, which ethnic white and single. Patients with anorexia nervosa are differentiated from the ABSTRACT control group because of the presence of moderate depressive symptoms by BDI. Also, the personality avaliation is confirmed the presence of high traits damage and reduced in selfdirection in patients with AN compared with normal controls. There was differentiation between the restrictive group and purgative in a dimension a search of news. The exclusion of patients with severe depressive symptoms had not been interfered in the analysis of the results in a personality traits.

The purpose of the study is to articulate the phenomenology of the anorexic body. In order to describe the complex meaning of the anorexic body, the present research adopts the qualitative and exploratory approach of Seidman's (1991) in-depth phenomenologically based interviewing method. This involves a series of three separate interviews, with three research participants who have had personal experience of anorexia. The method of data analysis used is essentially on editing style of analysis (Miller and Crabtree, 1992) and is based on a hybrid of the grounded theory approach of Glaser and Strauss (1967) and Heidegger's (1927) ontological hermeneutics to form what Addison (1992) calls grounded interpretive research. Anorexic embodiment is conceptualised as precipitating a fundamental disturbance between the interactions of embodied consciousness and the world. The body is no longer taken-for-granted, and becomes an object for scrutiny. As an object, the body is experienced as a thing exterior to the self, and this awareness contributes to the sense of qisorder which permeates anorexic embodiment. Bodily intentionality is frustrated when the sphere of bodily actions and habitual acts become circumscribed. The character of lived temporality and lived spatiality are also effected with the anorexic's focus on the now, ushering in a spatiality of the here. These findings indicate that anorexic embodiment is experienced primarily as a disruption of the 'lived body' rather than that of the biological body. The prevailing discourses of anorexic embodiment are shown to be split between the naturalized discourses that provide a model of the body that is biologically determined and ahistorical, and the denaturalized discourses that provide a model of the body that is culturally constructed and lacks embodied givenness. It is argued that Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of the body offers a renaturalization of the body that overcomes the nature/culture dichotomy of the naturalized and denaturalized discourses, thereby providing a solid foundation that more directly addresses the phenomenology of the anorexic body. The theoretical and treatment implications of Merleau-Ponty's renaturalization of the anorexic body are highlighted, and suggestions for further research are presented.

Aspects of the social networks of anorexic (N=34) and non-anorexic (N=35) women were examined according to hypotheses derived from social network theory and research and from the literature pertaining to anorexia nervosa. The nature of the social network was discussed from the perspective of Pattison's (1977a) psychodynamic psychosocial systems theory. Subjects were compared on selected social network variables using the Pattison Psychosocial Inventory (PPI). The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) and the Family Environment Scale (FES) were used to investigate the contribution of certain personality and environmental variables to social network variation. Statistical analyses of the difference between means were tested using the Hotelling's T² procedure followed by univariate t-tests. Analyses of proportions were performed using z-tests. The Bonferroni inequality was employed in order to reduce the probability of Type I error when determining the statistical significance of the univariate t-tests and z-tests. The null hypothesis was accepted for the majority of the results. Only one social network variable, total network size, significantly differentiated anorexic and control subjects, although several other variables were approaching statistical significance. Various contrasting explanations of the results were discussed. For example, it is possible that anorexia nervosa is not a homogeneous or singular nosological entity and does not inevitably result in predictable and largely invariant social impairment. It was proposed that recent typologies of anorexia nervosa may yield significant between-group variation in social network variables. Furthermore, social networks may vary with the degree of severity and/or chronicity of the anorexic condition. The correlational analyses produced several statistically significant results. Regarding environmental (FES) variables, both cohesion and independence were positively correlated with support from family network members. Contrary to hypotheses, however, interpersonal effectiveness (CPI) achieved only weak and non-significant correlations with social network size and support. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between anorexia nervosa and several personality traits. Past research in this area has been contradictory for several reasons. Sociocultural theories have described the media's role in promoting eating disorders by portraying a thin body-type as the ideal. However, they have neglected to describe the personality ideal which our society promotes in women. It is proposed here that anorexics incorporate and oppose this ideal. Therefore, the anorexic personality is one filled with conflict.

DIFFERENCES IN NUTRITIONAL OUTCOME MEASURES BETWEEN PREADOLESCENTS AND ADOLECENTS WITH ANOREXIA NERVOSA WHO RECEIVED A NASOGASTRIC FEEDING TUBE VERSUS ORAL DIET UPON HOSPITAL ADMISSION by Paige E. Herring Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disease defined by an extreme weight loss due to an intense fear of gaining weight, and it is the third most chronic disease in adolescent females. Hospitalizations are common among patients with AN due to the major consequences that can arise from this disease. Most of the complications can be resolved with significant weight gain, so hospitals have an implemented feeding protocols to optimize weight gain. Studies have shown that nasogastric (NG) feedings have resulted in a greater weight gain and reduced length of stay without significant side effects. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between demographic and clinical characteristics and mode of nutrition therapy (oral feeding vs. NG tube feedings) in a population of pre-adolescents and adolescents with a hospital admission diagnosis of AN. The clinical outcome measures are length of stay (LOS), weight gain, and suspected refeeding syndrome. Participants/Setting: The study sample includes 64 patients between the ages 9 and 20 years who have been admitted to Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015 for clinical treatment of AN. The demographic, anthropometric, mode of nutrition therapy and clinical characteristics of the patient population were obtained. Statistical Analysis: Frequency statistics were used to describe demographic, anthropometric, mode of nutrition therapy and clinical characteristics of the patient population. A Student’s t-test was used to examine differences in continuous variables by tube feeding status, while a Mann-Whitney U test was used for the non-normally distributed variables. A Chi-square test was used to examine differences in tube feeding status by categorical variables. Results: Data were collected and analyzed for 64 patients, with a mean age of 14.6 + 2.4 years, and the majority of the population being female (93.8%) and Caucasian (92.2%). Approximately half (n=30, 47%) of the population received an NG tube during the admission. Mean discharge BMI was significantly higher in those who received an oral diet vs. NG tube (16.67 vs. 17.08, respectively; p=0.042) while weight change was significantly lower (1.3 kg vs. 2.1 kg, respectively; p=0.012) and LOS shorter (8 days vs. 11 days, respectively; p=0.002) There were no significant differences in other characteristics by mode of nutrition therapy. Conclusion: NG tube feeding is an effective method for feeding hospitalize adolescent patients with AN to yield greater weight gain results. Future studies are necessary to determine the amount of time exclusively on the NG tube, reasons for choosing NG vs. oral feedings, and other variables associated with weight gain and length of stay.

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