Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Florianópolis, 2011 / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-26T02:50:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 297099.pdf: 4370105 bytes, checksum: 51a206f91f58a0cba7894fe9d5634e9a (MD5) / A poluição do ar em ambientes internos deve-se à presença de diferentes tipos de poluentes. Entre as diversas técnicas de tratamento do ar interno destaca-se a oxidação fotocatalítica. A oxidação fotocatalítica trata-se de um processo oxidativo avançado, caracterizando-se pela oxidação via radicais livres, como o radical hidroxila, que transforma os compostos poluentes em espécies químicas inócuas (geralmente dióxido de carbono e água). Este trabalho propôs-se a preparar e caracterizar fotocatalisadores e aplicá-los como uma alternativa para o tratamento de contaminantes presentes em ambientes internos, tais como as bactérias. Os fotocatalisadores foram sintetizados pelo método de Sol/Gel e depositados em filtros de fibra de vidro. Os fotocatalisadores foram caracterizados pela técnica de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva (EDS) e Difratometria de Raios-X (DRX). Entre os resultados obtidos nos testes de caracterização o fotocatalisador sintetizado com concentração de 0,4 M de TiO2 e pelo Método de Deposição e Calcinação 1, revelou que nessas condições obtém-se a melhor dispersão e aderência do TiO2 no suporte e, por esse motivo, foi selecionado para os testes de desinfecção. O fotocatalisador comercial P25 também foi utilizado para os testes de desinfecção e foi preparado na mesma concentração e mesmo método de deposição e calcinação selecionados para fins de comparação. Para realização desses testes, foi utilizada a bactéria do gênero Escherichia coli e uma unidade piloto, que consistiu num duto com recirculação de ar, realizada por um ventilador. Resumidamente, o funcionamento da instalação consistiu em pulverizar um cultivo de bactérias de E. Coli, através de um nebulizador, no interior do duto. O piloto continha quatro lâmpadas ultravioleta dispostas perpendicularmente à passagem de ar, que foram ativadas em dois momentos do experimento. Um deles sem a disposição de nenhum filtro no duto, com a finalidade de identificar a eficiência de desinfecção por fotólise. Posteriormente, foram realizados os testes com o filtro com TiO2 sob irradiação UV. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em tempos de recirculação do fluxo de bactérias de dois e dez minutos. As amostras foram coletadas em placas de Petry com meio de cultura, expostas por dois minutos nos dois tempos de recirculação analisados. Essas placas foram colocadas logo após a seção onde as lâmpadas e o filtro estavam posicionados. Com a utilização do fotocatalisador escolhido, obtiveram-se valores bastante interessantes nos resultados de desinfecção de bactérias, principalmente com o tempo de recirculação de dez minutos. Um dos valores mais expressivos foi com a utilização de filtro com TiO2 e lâmpadas UV acionadas (Fotocatálise), sendo obtido um percentual de 98% de redução da concentração inicial de bactérias (sem a utilização de filtro e sem lâmpadas UV acionadas). Considerando como concentração inicial as bactérias retidas no filtro sem TiO2 e sem o acionamento das lâmpadas UV, 71% deve-se a inativação das bactérias retidas no filtro pelo fotocatalisador sintetizado através da fotocatálise. Este é um resultado bastante similar ao obtido com fotocatalisador comercial P25, ou seja, de também 71%, na inativação de bactérias retidas no filtro através da fotocatálise, após também considerar como concentração inicial as bactérias retidas no filtro sem TiO2 e sem o acionamento das lâmpadas. / Indoor air pollution due to the presence of different types of pollutants. Among the various techniques of indoor air treatment highlights the photocatalytic oxidation. The photocatalytic oxidation is an advanced oxidation process, characterized by free radical oxidation, such as the hydroxyl radical, which degrades the polluting compounds into harmless chemical species (usually carbon dioxide and water). This work aimed to prepare and characterize photocatalysts and apply them as an alternative for the treatment of indoor contaminants such as bacteria. The photocatalysts were synthesized by the method of Sol / Gel and deposited on glass fiber filters. The photocatalysts were characterized by electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Among the results of tests to characterize the photocatalyst synthesized with 0.4 M concentration of TiO2 and the method of deposition and an annealing revealed that under these conditions we get the better dispersion and adhesion of TiO2 in the support and for that reason, was selected for the disinfection tests. The photocatalyst P25 was also used for disinfection tests and was prepared in the same concentration and same method of deposition and annealing criteria selected for comparison. To perform these tests, we used the Escherichia coli bacteria and a pilot plant, which consisted of a recirculating air duct, made by a fan. Briefly, the operation of the installation consisted of spraying a bacterial culture of E. Coli, via a nebulizer within the duct. The pilot had four UV lamps arranged perpendicularly to the passage of air, which were activated in two stages of the experiment. One without the willingness of any filter in the pipeline, in order to identify the efficiency of disinfection by photolysis. Later, tests were performed with the filter with TiO2 under UV irradiation. The experiments were conducted in times of recirculation flow of bacteria from two and ten minutes. The samples collected by Petry plates were exposed for two minutes over two periods of recirculation analyzed. These plates were placed after the section where were positioned the lamps and the filter. With the use of photocatalyst chosen, the values obtained very interesting results in the disinfection of bacteria, especially with the recirculation time of ten minutes. One of the values was more significant with the use of filter and UV lamps activated TiO2 (Photocatalysis), and obtained a percentage of 98% reduction of the initial concentration of bacteria (without the use of lamps without UV filter and activated). Considering how the initial concentration of bacteria trapped in the filter without TiO2 and without activating the UV lamps, 71% due to inactivation of bacteria retained on the filter by photocatalyst synthesized by photocatalysis. A similar result to 71% of inactivation bacteria retained on the filter by photocatalysis, after also considering how the initial concentration of bacteria trapped in the filter without TiO2 and without activating the lights, was obtained with the commercial photocatalyst P25.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T18:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 251940.pdf: 3636312 bytes, checksum: 7793edea09045410fe0ad85f866ac1c8 (MD5) / A qualidade de vida das pessoas é grandemente influenciada pela qualidade do ar que respiram. Em centros urbanos, mais de 80% do tempo é passado em ambientes internos. No caso específico de unidades de saúde, a qualidade do ar pode exercer influência direta no tempo de recuperação dos pacientes e na ocorrência de infecções hospitalares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do ar interno em três categorias de ambientes hospitalares: UTI neonatal, UTI e centro cirúrgico do Hospital Universitário (HU/UFSC) em Florianópolis (SC). Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros de conforto e indicadores de renovação do ar nos ambientes: temperatura, umidade relativa, concentração de dióxido de carbono, velocidade média das correntes de ar e vazão de ar de renovação. Esses parâmetros permitiram estabelecer a taxa de ocupação máxima aceitável em cada sala do centro cirúrgico. Foi realizada uma avaliação qualitativa dos compostos orgânicos voláteis (COV) nos ambientes internos através de cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas, e seus resultados permitiram afirmar que existe acúmulo de COV em alguns dos ambientes estudados. Avaliou-se a técnica de amostragem passiva de bioaerossóis em um dos ambientes de estudo, onde se observou uma fraca relação entre o tempo de exposição das placas e a contagem de bioaerossóis. A concentração de bioaerossóis nos ambientes foi estudada através da amostragem ativa, utilizando-se um impactador em meio sólido com meios de cultura seletivos para fungos e bactérias. Estudou-se o comportamento da concentração de bioaerossóis no decorrer do dia, havendo relação com a taxa de ocupação do local. O tempo de uso das salas de cirurgia não acarretou em um aumento da concentração de bioaerossóis. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar fungos filamentosos dos gêneros Aspergillus e Penicillium como os mais freqüentes nos ambientes estudados. A eficiência dos filtros de um sistema de ar condicionado foi determinada quanto à remoção de fungos filamentosos do ar. Obteve-se 40,9% de eficiência para o filtro-bolsa e 100% para o filtro absoluto. A concentração média de bioaerossóis observada foi de 231 UFC/m3 para fungos e 187 UFC/m3 para bactérias. Foram identificados COV apenas nas salas do centro cirúrgico e na UTI, onde o número de compostos identificados não ultrapassou 15. Todos os ambientes avaliados atendiam aos valores recomendados pela legislação vigente. Entretanto, os resultados permitiram sugerir adequações a essa legislação para a qualidade do ar interno em ambientes de uso comum e dar sugestões para o estabelecimento de uma futura resolução específica para a qualidade do ar interno em ambientes hospitalares.

Développer une échelle de temps à haute résolution temporelle et commune aux différentes archives climatiques est une étape importante afin de quantifier avec précision les rapides variations climatiques passées et pour les placer dans un cadre chronologique unifié facilitant leurs inter-comparaisons et la quantification d’éventuels déphasages entre évènements, marqueurs ou archives climatiques.Le champ magnétique terrestre (CMT) regroupe l’ensemble des caractéristiques désirées pour développer un tel outil chronostratigraphique (expression dipolaire globale à la surface du globe, enregistrement dans diverses archives, variations en intensité indépendantes des variables climatiques). Bien que porteurs d’enregistrements continus, les sédiments ne donnent accès qu’aux variations relatives d’intensité du CMT. De plus, quand leur échelle de temps ne peut plus être placée sur celle des glaces polaires, elle est généralement obtenue par forçage orbital. Les laves, émises sporadiquement, enregistrent l’intensité absolue du CMT et sont datables par méthodes ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar et K-Ar (indépendantes des variables climatiques). Elles fournissent ainsi des couples âge-paléointensité (A-PI) permettant de calibrer les enregistrements sédimentaires et de les transférer sur des échelles de temps et d’intensité absolues. L’échelle de temps ainsi obtenue est par la suite transférable à diverses archives climatiques. Cette étude se focalise sur les derniers 200 ka. Les laves étudiées proviennent des jeunes volcans d’Ardèche et des phases récentes du volcanisme canarien. Les laves ardéchoises ont délivré des résultats de paléointensité non exploitables et des incertitudes trop importantes sur les âges. Aucun couple A-PI pertinent n’a donc été obtenu. Cependant, nos résultats géochronologiques démontrent l’importance de combiner les 2 méthodes de datation K-Ar et ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar pour tester l’exactitude et la signification géologique des âges obtenus. Pour ces laves, porteuses d’indices de contamination crustale et mantellique, nous suggérons que l’excès d’argon est situé dans des sites de rétention basses températures (<600°C). Les âges ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar obtenus, apparemment non affectés par l’excès d’argon, décomposent l’activité volcanique en 3 phases : 1 au Nord (180±30 ka) et 2 au Sud (31±4 ka et 24±8 ka).Les laves canariennes ont produit 14 nouveaux couples A-PI (dont 9 datés conjointement en K-Ar et ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar). Ces données ont été combinées à celles disponibles et triées de manière à ne garder que celles issues de protocoles d’analyses robustes et suffisamment précises. Les 51 données retenues ont été comparées aux courbes sédimentaires disponibles afin d’obtenir de nouvelles contraintes temporelles sur 0-200 ka. Sur 0-80 ka, les données confirment la bonne calibration de GLOPIS-75 initialement basée le minimum d’intensité de l’excursion du Laschamp et sur l’évolution du CMT entre 20 et 10 ka. En particulier, 3 de nos données réparties entre 45 et 60 ka sont cohérentes avec l’évolution du signal magnétique présentée par GLOPIS-75, complétant ainsi le jeu de contraintes sur cet intervalle. De 80 à 140 ka, les données retenues, bien qu’ayant des incertitudes temporelles parfois importantes, sont cohérentes avec les courbes sédimentaires validant ainsi leur niveau moyen de calibration sur cette période. Ces données confirment également la baisse d’intensité lors de l’épisode ancien du Blake à 120 ka, baisse d’intensité bien documentée par PISO-1500 mais très lissée sur SINT-2000. Avant 140 ka, les données sédimentaires et volcaniques disponibles sont trop incohérentes : aucune calibration n’a donc été entreprise sur cette période. Enfin, 2 données produites suggèrent un évènement géomagnétique bref vers 155 ka. Un tel événement n’est pas observé dans les courbes sédimentaires globales et les modèles disponibles vers 155 ka mais quelques études individuelles mentionnent localement un évènement géomagnétique vers 150 ka (Autriche, Russie et Mer de Chine). / The understanding of climatic mechanisms and rapid climate changes requires a high-resolution, robust, and precise timescale which allows long-distance and multi-archives correlations.An appropriate tool to construct such a timescale is provided by the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The EMF is independent from climatic variations and its past evolution, global at the surface of the Earth, is recorded by most of the geological/climatic archives. Sedimentary sequences provide continuous records of relative intensities of the EMF on timescales usually based on ice core age models or orbital tuning. Lavas, though discontinuously emitted through time, record the absolute intensity of the EMF during their cooling at the surface of the Earth. Lavas are dated using 2 complementary methods: ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and K-Ar, both independent from climatic parameters. Lavas have therefore the potential to deliver tie-points (age-paleointensity couples) enabling the time calibration of sedimentary sequences and their transfer onto absolute intensity scale and chronological time scale. This timescale can then be transferred to other climatic archives. The present study focusses on the last 200 ka with lavas sampled from young volcanoes of Ardèche (South Massif Central, France) and recent phases of volcanism in the Canary Islands.Lava flows from Ardèche provided unexploitable paleointensity results and ages with large uncertainties. Therefore, they failed to provide suitable tie-points. However, our geochronological results evidence how crucial the combination of both the K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar methods is to test the accuracy and geological meaning of the ages. Ardèche lavas have abundant mantellic and crustal xenoliths, potential carriers of excess ⁴⁰Ar*. Our study suggests that the argon excess is located in sites that decrepitate at low temperature (<600°C). Because ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages are not affected by excess ⁴⁰Ar*, they provide reliable results. The new age dataset indicates that the volcanic activity of Ardèche can be divided in 3 phases: the oldest one (180±30 ka) took place in the northern part of the studied area and 2 younger phases are expressed in the South (31±4 ka and 24±8 ka).The study of the Canarian lavas produced 14 tie-points (9 out of 14 dated combining K-Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar results). These data have been added to the available ones for the same time period. The published data have been selected on the basis of robust analytical protocols and accuracy. The 51 data finally selected are compared to available sedimentary stacks. Over the last 80 ka, the volcanic data corroborate the calibration of GLOPIS-75, initially based on volcanic and archeomagnetic data between 10-20 ka and the low intensity observed in the Laschamp excursion. Three newly produced data, dated between 45 and 60 ka, extend the database initially used to older periods and they are also consistent with the initial calibration of GLOPIS-75. Between 80 and 140 ka, though volcanic data have significant uncertainties (in age and/or paleointensity), they are consistent with available sedimentary records and validate their calibration level on the long-term. At a shorter time scale, volcanic data corroborate the intensity low reached during the older phase of the Blake excursion (120 ka) by PISO-1500, whereas this low does not appear in SINT-2000. For ages older than 140 ka, not only the volcanic data are scattered, but also the sedimentary records are different from one another and no conclusions could be drawn. Finally, 2 of our data suggest a brief geomagnetic event around 155 ka. Such an event cannot be seen on available global sedimentary stacks or models, even though some individual studies report a local geomagnetic event around 150 ka (Austria, Russia, and China Sea).

Augmented Reality (AR) is a recent technology that allows a seamless composition between virtual objects and the real world. This practice-based research uses the affordances of AR to design an AR textbook for collaborative learning experience. It identifies the key concepts of children s AR textbooks for the designing and evaluation of collaborative learning experiences. These concepts were used to develop a conceptual framework for the AR textbook that considers collaborative experience, learning and usability. Informed by these concepts, the research also has identified the design features which are unique to AR affordances which can be integrated in the school textbooks to develop a collaborative AR textbook for primary school children. The research follows a participatory design approach to involve the users of the AR textbook in the design process. The researcher has conducted three co-design studies involving primary school children and adults using cooperative inquiry techniques. The first study uses low-tech prototyping to find the overall direction of designing the AR textbook. After the development of the first AR textbook prototype, two formative evaluations have been conducted using cooperative inquiry critiquing, and layered elaboration techniques. Throughout these studies, a conceptual framework has been developed namely, Experience, Learn and Use (ELU) for the designing and evaluation of children s AR textbooks for collaborative learning experience. This framework is based on the adaption of Janet Read s Play, Learn, Use (PLU) model that defines children s relationships with the interactive technologies. The research proposes the ELU framework as a useful classification framework in the evaluation process, which informs the design features of the AR textbook which are related to the concepts of collaborative experience, learning and usability. The practical component of the thesis proposes a sample of an AR textbook that is integrated in the regular school curriculum. It demonstrates the design features which can be implemented in other textbooks to support collaborative learning experiences for primary school children. The documentation of the co-design process provides a practical framework for co-designing an AR textbook with children, as well as an evidence of using the ELU framework in practice. 4 This research also contributes in bridging the gap between AR and Child-Computer Interaction (CCI) communities, through the use of common CCI methods in the AR development. This research has resulted in key design principles which contribute original knowledge to the literature of the AR for children s education considering the CCI perspective. These important principles are informed by the collaborative experiences, learning and usability aspects that establish a framework for the design and evaluation of collaborative AR textbook for children. The eight identified principles by this research are, Joint Textbooks, Personalised AR Experience, Interactive AR Book, Communication-Based Learning, Rewarding AR feedback, Audio AR Textbook, Intuitive AR Markers, and Mutual AR Display. The research introduces the definition for each of the concepts and a demonstration of the related design features in the outcome of the AR textbook prototype.

No description available.

This study examines how Augmented Reality (AR) visualizations can impact the collective interaction of users. This research will focus on a multiphase experience with a buildup of different levels of Virtual Reality through the use of panoramas and 3D models. The experience was created using a participatory method with multiple tests and iterations to better create an evaluable product. The result if this experiment shows that the impact AR has on users is extensive. A properly framed character can even change a pair of two users into a group of three.

Neste trabalho estuda-se a interação, através de choques, entre um oscilador harmônico e um carro de trilho de ar inclinado, análogo ao sistema descrito na literatura como \"bouncing-ball\". A análise teórica e a simulação prevêem estabilidade e bifurcação nas fases do oscilador em que ocorrem os choques, confirmados pela experiência. As simulações indicam a ocorrência de caos, fato que foi confirmado experimentalmente. O sistema experimental de aquisição de dados produzido permite a utilização no ensino de graduação. Os dados experimentais gerados pelo sistema são coletados por uma interface de aquisição, que trabalha acoplada a um microcomputador Apple II, e transferidos para um microcomputador tipo IBM-PC, possibilitando uma análise rápida dos resultados obtidos. Para a visualização das regiões de estabilidade, de bifurcação e do atrator estranho, que surge na região de caos, foram desenvolvidos programas gráficos e de cálculo, que permitem, também, realizar uma avaliação da dimensão do atrator. Os programas de simulação permitem ao aluno realizar cálculos e gerar gráficos, variando os parâmetros de controle do sistema. No experimento foi utilizado coeficiente de restituição E de 0,22 e a dimensão fractal encontrada para o atrator foi 1,2. / In the present dissertation the interaction between an harmonic oscillator and an air track\'s glider is studied, analogous to the system described in literature as the bouncing-ball. Theoretical analysis and simulation predict stability and bifurcation in the phases of the oscillator in which occur collisions. The simulations indicate the occurrence of chaos, a fact confirmed experimentally. The built up experimental data acquisition system can be used in undergraduate teaching. Experimental data generated by the system are collected by na acquisition interface, which works linked to an Apple II microcomputer, and are transferred to an IBM-PC type microcomputer, allowing quick analysis of the obtained results. To visualize the regions of stability, of bifurcation and of the strange attractor, graphic and calculation programs were developed, which also permit an evaluation of the attractor\'s dimension. The simulation programs allow the student to do calculations and generate graphs, while varying the system\'s control parameters. In the experiment a restitution coefficient E of 0.22 was used and the found fractal dimension for the attractor was 1.2.

Orientador: Raquel Fernandes Pupo Nogueira / Coorientador: Maria Lúcia Arruda de Moura Campos / Banca: Lilian Rothschild / Banca: Adalgiza Fornaro / Resumo: A chuva é um mecanismo fundamental para a remoção de substâncias da atmosfera, cuja análise pode trazer informações importantes sobre a composição química da baixa troposfera local-regional. Neste trabalho, amostras de água de chuva foram coletadas no Instituto de Química de Araraquara, de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2012. A determinação de carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD) e carbono orgânico não purgável (CONP) foi feita pelo analisador de carbono e a quantificação de AA e FA por derivatização com a solução ácida 2,4-DNPH, em que as respectivas hidrazonas formadas foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) com detecção em 360 nm. O pH apresentou uma média ponderada pelo volume (MPV) de 5,6 (n= 107) e uma boa correlação com o íon Ca2+ (r= 0,5809), indicando que a ressuspensão do solo pode ter contribuído para neutralizar parte da acidez. A MPV das concentrações de K+ e Ca2+ foi de 3,9 (n= 106) e 4,8 (n= 105) μmol L-1, respectivamente, sendo que a concentração de K+ apresentou variação sazonal, com um aumento no período de safra da cana-deaçúcar, indicando a sua importante fonte na queima de biomassa. A MPV de COD (n= 118) encontrada em Araraquara foi de 263 ± 30 μmol L-1 sendo superior no período de safra da cana-de-açúcar (314 ± 46 μmol L-1; n= 74) do que no período de entressafra (182 ± 24 μmol L-1; n= 44). As concentrações de COD em Araraquara apresentaram correlações lineares significativas com K+ (0,8098) e com Ca2+ (0,6972), indicando que a queima de biomassa e a ressuspensão do solo são importantes fontes de emissão de carbono orgânico para a atmosfera. As concentrações de COD foram sempre superiores nos primeiros milímetros de chuva quando comparadas com o evento completo. Porém, o COD teve uma queda menos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The rain is a fundamental mechanism for the removal of substances from the atmosphere, which analysis can provide important information on the local-regional composition. In this work, samples of rainwater were collected at the Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara, from January 2008 to December 2012. Determination of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and non purgeable organic carbon (NPOC) was made by carbon analyzer and AA and FA were quantified after derivatization with acid solution of 2,4-DNPH, where the respective hydrazones formed were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection at 360 nm wavelength. The pH presented a volume weighted average (VWA) of 5.6 (n= 107) and presented significant correlation with Ca2+ (r = 0.5809) indicating that soil resuspension may have contributed to neutralization of part of the acidity. The VWA of K+ and Ca2+ concentration was 3.9 (n = 106) and 4.8 (n = 105) μmol L-1, respectively,and the concentration of K+ showed seasonal variation, with an increase during the period of sugarcane harvest, indicating its major source in biomass burning. The MPV DOC (n = 118) found in Araraquara was 263 ± 30 μmol L-1 being higher during the harvest of sugar cane (314 ± 46 μmol L-1, n = 74) than in nonharvest period (182 ± 24 μmol L-1, n = 44). The concentrations of DOC in Araraquara showed significant linear correlations with K+ (0.8098) and Ca2+ (0.6972), indicating that biomass burning and soil resuspension are important sources of organic carbon to the atmosphere. DOC concentrations were always higher in the first millimeters of rain in comparison with the entire event. However, the DOC had a less steep decrease, indicating that these species are removed from the atmosphere by the process of below cloud and in cloud. The percentage... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

L’évolution tardive du Domaine Sud Armoricain (segment de la chaîne Varisque Ouest Européenne), se traduit par un effondrement gravitaire de la croûte préalablement épaissie dans un contexte tectonique extensif. Cette extension s’accompagne, dans tout le domaine, d’une fusion partielle de la croûte moyenne à inférieure et de l’exhumation des roches métamorphiques issues de niveaux crustaux profonds. L’approche pluridisciplinaire conduite dans cette étude permet de proposer un calendrier précis de la fusion crustale et d’étudier les mécanismes de la déformation responsable de l’exhumation de la croûte moyenne à inférieure. Une des démarches adoptées associe l’identification structurale et cinématique précise des témoins de l’étirement et leur datation multiméthodes (U-Th/Pb sur monazite, et A/Ar sur micas). Dans la partie occidentale du Domaine Sud Armoricain, cette approche permet ainsi de documenter un continuum de déformation extensive durant plus de 20 Ma, qui accompagne en partie l’exhumation des roches de haut grade qui elle, se développe entre 325 Ma et 300 Ma. L’étude géophysique, combinant ASM et gravimétrie, permet en outre de caractériser la structure interne et la géométrie en profondeur du complexe granitique de Carnac, dont la mise en place apparaît être le témoin du stade le plus précoce de ce continuum. La fusion partielle des migmatites et la mise en place des plutons granitiques, interprétées à la fois comme le moteur et la conséquence de l’étirement et de l’exhumation, est estimée entre 335 Ma et 320 Ma. Cette anatexie généralisée apparaît synchrone à l’échelle de tout le domaine, ce qui permet un regard nouveau sur les stades tardi-orogéniques du Domaine Sud Armoricain. L’étude de la déformation extensive et de l’exhumation dans les portions occidentale et orientale, met en évidence des contrastes de style tectonique, suggérant une exhumation plus importante des parties orientales du Domaine Sud Armoricain. / The late-orogenic evolution of the South Armorican Domain (West European Variscan Belt), 0is characterized by a gravitational collapse of the thickened crust in an extensional tectonic setting. In the entire domain, this stage is coeval with a generalized crustal melting of the middle to lower crust, and with the exhumation of the deep metamorphic rocks. This multidisciplinary study allows us to put geochronological constraints on the crustal partial melting events and to analyse the deformation mechanisms responsible for the exhumation of the metamorphic rocks. One of the scientific approaches was to combine the structural and kinematic analyses of the extensional deformation, and their dating (monazite U-Th/Pb chemical and mica Ar/Ar methods). In a western part of the South Armorican Domain, this approach allows us to highlight a continuum of deformation of 20 Ma, coeval with the metamorphic rocks exhumation between 325 Ma and 300 Ma. The geophysical study of the Carnac granitic complex, using ASM and gravity surveys, allows us to define the internal structure of the granite and its deep geometry. The emplacement of this granitic complex is interpreted as the marker of the earliest stage of the extensional continuum. The migmatite partial melting and the emplacement of granitic plutons, interpreted both as the triggering factor and as the consequence of the crustal stretching and of the exhumation, is estimated between 335 Ma and 320 Ma. This generalized anatexis, synchronous in the entire domain, provides a renewed view on the late-orogenic evolution of the South Armorican Domain. The structural study of the extensional deformation and the exhumation processes in the western and eastern parts argue for contrasted tectonics, suggesting a most important exhumation in the eastern parts of the South Armorican Domain.

Les mécanismes d’exhumation des roches de haute-pression basse-température (HP-BT) au sein des zones de subduction sont nombreux, complexes et toujours activement débattus. L’étude des zones de subduction fossiles permet alors de mieux comprendre ces mécanismes, montrant notamment que l’exhumation des roches métamorphiques HP-BT est en grande partie accommodée le long de zones de cisaillement ductiles d’échelle crustale. Ce travail de thèse vise à contraindre la géométrie, la cinématique et la durée de l’histoire tectono-métamorphique des roches de HP-BT du complexe de subduction des Schistes Bleus Cycladiques située en Grèce. Un des objectifs est de contraindre, à différentes échelles, le calendrier de la localisation de la déformation au cours de l’exhumation dans le but de mieux comprendre le comportement mécanique des zones de subduction. Trois méthodes principales d’investigation ont été utilisées : i) une étude de terrain permettant de caractériser la géométrie, la cinématique et la distribution de la déformation, montrant notamment une localisation progressive de la déformation vers la base de l’unité des Schistes Bleus Cycladiques au cours de l’exhumation et le long de zones de cisaillement, ii) des outils de pétrologie métamorphique permettant de contraindre l’évolution P-T des roches métamorphiques au sein de la zone de subduction, et iii) des datations ⁴⁰AR/³⁹AR afin de déterminer le calendrier de l’histoire tectono-métamorphique des Schistes Bleus Cycladiques et de la localisation de la déformation au sein de zones de cisaillement d’échelle kilométrique à millimétrique associées à des degrés de rétromorphose variés. Une corrélation nette est clairement observée entre l’intensité de la déformation, le degré de rétromorphose et les âges les plus jeunes. Un des résultats de ce travail est que la préservation à l’affleurement d’éclogites et schistes bleus n’implique pas forcément une exhumation rapide. En effet, nos résultats suggèrent que l’unité des Schistes Bleus Cycladiques a enregistré une histoire d’exhumation longue d’environ 30 Ma. Le taux d’exhumation n’est donc pas le seul paramètre contrôlant le degré de rétromorphose des unités HP-BT, la remontée le long d’un gradient métamorphique froid dans le canal de subduction et la localisation progressive de la déformation ductile au cours de l’exhumation étant également des facteurs majeurs. / Exhumation mechanisms of high-pressure low-temperature (HP-LT) metamorphic rocks in subduction zones are complex and actively discussed. The study of fossilized subduction zones allows a better comprehension of these mechanisms, showing that exhumation of HP-LT rocks is mainly accommodated along crustal-scale ductile shear zones. This study aims at constraining the geometry, the kinematic and the timing of the tectonometamorphic history of the HP-LT Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) cropping out in Greece. A main objective is to constrain the timing of strain localization at different scales during exhumation to better understand the mechanical behaviour of subduction zones. Three principal methods of investigation have been used, including i) a structural fieldwork that allows to characterize the geometry, the kinematic and the distribution of deformations, highlighting progressive strain localization during exhumation toward the base of the CBU and along shear zones, ii) a metamorphic petrology study aiming at determining the P-T evolution of the CBU, and iii) ⁴⁰AR/³⁹AR dating used to constrain the timing of the tectonometamorphic evolution of the CBU and the timing of strain localization within kilometre- to millimetre-scale shear zones showing different degrees of retrogression. We observe an obvious correlation between the intensity of finite deformation, the degree of retrogression and youngest mica ages. A major result of this thesis work is that the preservation of eclogite and blueschist-facies rocks does not necessarily imply fast exhumation rates. Our results instead suggest that the exhumation history of the CBU is relatively long, spanning over ca. 30 Ma. Consequently, it appears that the exhumation rate is not the main parameter controlling the degree of retrogression of HP-LT metamorphic rocks in the CBU compared to progressive strain localization during exhumation along a cold retrograde P-T evolution within the subduction channel.