The main goals of this dissertation are to analyze balance of payments and foreign exchange rate and to examine mutual relations between these two concepts. The first part describes basic terms related to international finance. These terms are structure of balance of payments, foreign exchange rate and exchange rate regimes. The second part presents four selected foreign economics (Japan, South Africa, Paraguay, Dominican republic) which will be subdue to the analysis. The third and final part is devoted to the regression analysis. Relations between balance of payments and foreign exchange rate are analyzed by the method of ordinary least squares. Necessary data was gained from the IMF server.

This master thesis examines mutual relations between components of the balance of payments and the foreign exchange rate. The first part briefly describes the structure of the balance of payments and the theory of the foreign exchange rate as a macro-economical variable, which can be seen in many different systems. The next part brings the characteristics of historic and recent economic conditions and challenges of four selected countries: Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC). In the empirical part, relations between components of the balance of payments and the development of the exchange rate are analyzed by methods of the linear regression. The time-series consisted of annual data for a period of fifteen to seventeen years.

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The thesis complexly assesses the role of Germany in present European Union and Eurozone, especially its influence and responsibility on the formation of the macroeconomic imbalances before the Eurozone crisis, as well as its resolution. The crisis is caused by a divergence in unit labour costs between member countries, and the thesis aims to evaluate the effect of applied austerity measures in the debtor countries on the adjustment of said unit labour costs divergence. It explores additional policy options available as well. Keywords Germany, Eurozone, European Union, crisis, balance of payments, unit labour cost Author's e-mail Thorrmartin@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail dedek@fsv.cuni.cz

The thesis analyses the trend in external economic balance of the Czech Republic since 2000. The main instruments for the analysis were found in level of balance of payments and external debt statistics. The emphasis is also placed on exchange rate of Czech currency which is considered to be one of the leading determinants of external economic relations. The main goal of this paper lies in examination of past, present and also expected future trend in external balance with respect to various indicators and to comparison with other EU members, especially with Central Europe region (Poland, Slovakia and Hungary). The thesis should provide general overview of external economic relations of the Czech Republic in situation when some European countries are being threatened by deep debt crisis and in some cases the life-line from European union or International Monetary Fund must come.

Esta dissertação busca contribuir para a literatura sobre as elaticidades renda da demanda por importações. Mais especificamente, procura analisar em que medida a questão da distribuição pessoal da renda se relaciona com estas elasticidades para o Brasil. O país apresentou nos anos 2000 um processo singular de desenvolvimento, marcado por crescimento econômico com distribuição de renda. Analisa-se este processo através das perspectivas da teoria do crescimento sob restrição externa e da teoria da CEPAL, que consideram a elasticidade renda das importações um dos determinantes fundamentais ao processo de desenvolvimento. A indústria brasileira cresceu, como resposta tanto à expansão do consumo interno e quanto à dinâmica favorável internacional para os produtos da indústria extrativa. Já a indústria de transformação se voltou para dentro, uma vez que apresentou crescimento mas reduziu suas exportações. Entretanto, a penetração das importações desta indústria também aumentou. Tendo este cenário como motivação, realiza-se um exercício empírico de estimativa das elasticidades renda da demanda por importações a partir de dados de consumo das Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares dos biênios 2002-2003 e 2008-2009, com o objetivo de comparar a evolução das elasticidades para diferentes classes de renda. Os resultados sugerem que, apesar da melhora na distribuição de renda e da subsequente expansão do consumo, a indústria nacional não atendeu à demanda. A elasticidade renda da demanda por importações aumentou, e o aumento foi maior para as classes mais pobres. / This dissertation aims to contribute to the literature on the import elasticities. More specifically, it seeks to analyze how personal income distribution relates to import elasticities for Brazil. The country presented in 2000 a unique development process, marked by economic growth and income distribution. This work analyzes that process through the perspectives of the theory of growth under external constraint and the ECLAC theory, considering the income elasticity of imports one of the key determinants in the development process. The Brazilian industry grew in response to both the expansion of domestic consumption and the international favorable dynamics for primary products. The manufacturing industry turned inward as it grew but reduced its exports. However, the import penetration in the industry also increased. Taking this scenario as motivation, this work carried out an empirical exercise of estimating income elasticities of demand for imports from consumption data from Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares of 2002-2003 and 2008-2009, in order to compare the evolution of import elasticities for different income classes. The results suggest that, despite the improvement in income distribution and the subsequent expansion of consumption, the domestic industry was unable to meet demand. The income elasticity of demand for imports increased, and the increase was greater for the poorer classes.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, 2008. / Bibliyografya var.

The thesis is focused on exchange rate policy of the Czech Republic. Its goal is to analyze this policy in connection with reaching an external balance of the economy and also from the point of view of its role during transformation in the Czech Republic. The common European currency and its possible introduction in the Czech Republic is also an issue associated with the exchange rate policy. At the beginning, basic terms and related theoretical approaches are introduced and in the next part, balance of payments approaches are analyzed using selected examples. The following chapter deals with exchange rate policy transformation process in Czechoslovakia and then in the Czech Republic. The last part is aimed at European monetary integration and especially at potential Czech accession to the euro area.

The main purpose of this study is to empirically assess the relationship between inflation and economic growth in Ethiopia using quarterly dataset from 1992Q1 to 2010Q4. In doing so, an interesting policy issue arises. What is the threshold level of inflation for the Ethiopian economy? Based on the Engle-Granger and Johansen co-integration tests it is found out that there is a positive long-run relationship between inflation and economic growth. The error correction models show that in cases of short-run disequilibrium, the inflation model adjusts itself to its long-run path correcting roughly 40% of the imbalance in each quarter. In addition, based on the conditional least square technique, the estimated threshold model suggests 10% as the optimal level of inflation that facilitates growth. An inflation level higher or lower than the threshold level of inflation affects the economic growth negatively and hence fiscal and monetary policy coordination is vital to keep inflation at the threshold. / Economics / M. Com. (Economics)