Communication bandwidth and latency reduction techniques are developed for Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) protocols. Using logs from vignettes simulated by the OneSAF Testbed Baseline (OTB), a discrete event simulator based on the OMNeT++ modeling environment is developed to analyze the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) traffic over a wireless flying Local Area Network (LAN). Alternative PDU bundling and compression techniques are studied under various metrics including slack time, travel time, queue length, and collision rate. Based on these results, Packet Alloying, a technique for the optimized bundling of packets, is proposed and evaluated. Packet Alloying becomes more active when it is needed most: during negative spikes of transmission slack time. It produces aggregations that preserve the internal PDU format, allowing the resulting packets to be subjectable to further bundling and/or compression by conventional techniques. To optimize the selection of bundle delimitation, three online predictive strategies were developed: Neural-Network based, Always-Wait, and Always-Send. These were compared with three offline strategies defined as Type, Type-Length and Type-Length-Size. Applying Always-Wait to the studied vignette using the wireless links set to 64 Kbps, a reduction in the magnitude of negative slack time from -75 to -9 seconds for the worst spike was achieved, which represents a reduction of 88 %. Similarly, at 64 Kbps, Always-Wait reduced the average satellite queue length from 2,963 to 327 messages for a 89% reduction. From the analysis of negative slack-time spikes it was determined which PDU types are of highest priority. The router and satellite queues in the case study were modified accordingly using a priority-based transmission scheduler. The analysis of total travel times based of PDU types numerically shows the benefit obtained. The contributions of this dissertation include the formalization of a selective PDU bundling scheme, the proposal and study of different predictive algorithms for the next PDU, and priority-based optimization using Head-of-Line (HoL) service. These results demonstrate the validity of packet optimizations for distributed simulation environments and other possible applications such as TCP/IP transmissions.

The growth of broadband Internet access has paved the way for the development of many newer existing technologies. As the costs of implementing broadband access soar, the best alternative will be to use wireless technologies. At a carrier frequency of about 28 GHz, the potential benefits of Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) will eventually outweigh those of its current competitors in the wired market. Since the rural communities will reap the most benefits from this technology due to its low costs, studies on the channel behavior and terrain relationships must be done. This thesis aims to provide a preliminary study on the effects of propagating an LMDS signal over a lake surface. Currently, there is not enough information to prove the feasibility of deploying an LMDS system for this terrain. Some background on the technology and rough surface theory is provided for the reader to better understand the environment that is being investigated. Simulation results are presented as a guide to assist future researchers to conduct a field measurement campaign. A block diagram of a potential measurement system is also provided to aid in the development of the tools necessary for the measurement of an actual channel. / Master of Science

No / A small dielectric resonator antenna has been designed for ultra wideband (UWB) communication system applications. The antenna element is a rectangular low permittivity ceramic block, with a dielectric constant of 9.4, and the modified T-shaped feed network includes a 50 ohm microstrip line to achieve strong coupling, and some bandwidth enhancement. The antenna performance is simulated and measured over a frequency band extending from 3100 MHz to 5500 MHz; the impedance bandwidth over this interval is 55.8% with VSWR <; 2, making the antenna suitable for UWB applications.

Yes / This paper examines the case for an ultrawideband planar inverted-F-L-antenna design intended for use in the lower sub-band. The antenna construction is based on the conventional inverted F, and inverted L as its feed element, and parasitic element, respectively. The optimized antenna size is 30×15×4mm3. The prototype antenna has a good return loss of -10 dB, and a 66.6% impedance bandwidth (2.8 GHz ¿ 5.6 GHz), the gain varies between 3.1 dBi and 4.5 dBi.

<p> An improvement on the synthesis of a distributed RC notch filter, by computer-aided design techniques, is appraised. A brief presentation of the synthesis of thin-film RC tapered networks is made, along with applied uses of computer-aided design to RC distributed networks, particularly in the realizability of certain RC transfer functions.</p> <p> The preparation of the problem, accompanied by different methods of approach, is explained. Included are criticisms made, leading to the reasons for abandoning the more tasking ones.</p> <p> The Adjoint Network method of determining, gradients, with respect to circuit adjustable parameters, is evaluated fully, and the important use which it lends to the optimization problem is demonstrated. The outcome of the design approaches are given in tables, with theoretical responses compared in graphs. Actual circuit responses are indicated in photographs, and comparisons with theoretical responses are shown in graphs.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

Yes / In this paper, a simple folded loop antenna (FLA) for handsets with relatively wide- band impedance, designed and optimized using genetic algorithms (GA). The FLA dimensions were optimized and evaluated using GA in collaboration with NEC-2 source code. Configuration of optimal FLA with excellent VSWR covering entirely the required GSM1800 frequency bands was found within the maximum generation. A prototype antenna was tested to verify and validate the GA-optimized antenna structure. The measured data have shown good agreement with predicted ones. Moreover, the capabilities of GA are shown as an e±cient optimisation tool for selecting globally optimal parameters to be used in simulations with an electromagnetic antenna design code, seeking convergence to designated specifications.

A key challenge of current multi-user web applications is to provide users with interesting events and information in real-time. This research reviews the most common real-time web techniques to identify drawbacks while exploring solutions to improve simplicity, efficiency, and compatibility within a client-server environment. Two solutions are proposed for enhancing the efficiency of real-time web techniques by reducing client-server communication. First, a model of browser monitoring control observes the browser activity and decides if to postpone client-server communication in the case of inactive tabs. This model was implemented and tested with results demonstrating that a significant number of client-server connections can be avoided in the browser background. These results suggest the solution can be optimised for any real-time technique as it benefits from being a developer side technique that works consistently on all browsers. Second, ‘Adaptive Polling’ is a pull-based real-time web technique to overcome bandwidth issues of the reverse AJAX method of ‘Polling’ by controlling the frequency of requesting updates from the server based on the last server response. This approach is implemented and tested with results showing how a significant number of redundant connections can be avoided while the server does not return updates. This solution is a good alternative to other real-time web techniques as it features low latency, the simplicity of implementation, and compatibility with all browsers and servers.

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