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To perform close proximity operations under a low-gravity environment, relative and absolute positions are vital information to the maneuver. Hence navigation is inseparably integrated in space travel. Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is presented as an optical navigation method around small celestial bodies. Optical Navigation uses visual observation instruments such as a camera to acquire useful data and determine spacecraft position. The required input data for operation is merely a single image strip and a nadir image. ELM is a machine learning Single Layer feed-Forward Network (SLFN), a type of neural network (NN). The algorithm is developed on the predicate that input weights and biases can be randomly assigned and does not require back-propagation. The learned model is the output layer weights which are used to calculate a prediction. Together, Extreme Learning Machine Optical Navigation (ELM OpNav) utilizes optical images and ELM algorithm to train the machine to navigate around a target body. In this thesis the asteroid, Vesta, is the designated celestial body. The trained ELMs estimate the position of the spacecraft during operation with a single data set. The results show the approach is promising and potentially suitable for on-board navigation.

Different neurons and glial cells in the Drosophila olfactory circuitry have distinct functions in olfaction. The mechanisms to generate most of diverse neurons and glial cells in the olfactory circuitry remain unclear due to the incomprehensive study of cell lineages. To facilitate the analyses of cell lineages and neural diversity, two independent binary transcription systems were introduced into Drosophila to drive two different transgenes in different cells. A technique called ‘dual-expression-control MARCM’ (mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker) was created by incorporating a GAL80-suppresible transcription factor LexA::GAD (GAL4 activation domain) into the MARCM. This technique allows the induction of UAS- and lexAop- transgenes in different patterns among the GAL80-minus cells. Dual-expression-control MARCM with a ubiquitous driver tubP-LexA::GAD and various subtype-specific GAL4s which express in antennal lobe neurons (ALNs) allowed us to characterize diverse ALNs and their lineage relationships. Genetic studies showed that ALN cell fates are determined by spatial identities rooted in their precursor cells and temporal identities based on their birth timings within the lineage, and then finalized through cell-cell interactions mediated by Notch signaling. Glial cell lineage analyses by MARCM and dual-expression-control MARCM show that diverse post-embryonic born glial cells are lineage specified and independent of neuronal lineage. Specified glial lineages expand their glial population by symmetrical division and do not further diversify glial cells. Construction of a GAL4-insensitive transcription factor LexA::VP16 (VP16 acidic activation domain) allows the independent induction of lexAop transgenes in the entire mushroom body (MB) and labeling of individual MB neurons by MARCM in the same organism. A computer algorithm is developed to perform morphometric analysis to assist the study of MB neuron diversity.

In this thesis, we study two different topics: collisional probability between two bodies and dynamics of the sporadic meteoroids in the Solar System. Determination of the collision probabilities in the Solar System is one of the important problems in mod- ern celestial mechanics. Here, we generalize classical theories of the collisions between two bodies by Öpik, Wetherill or Greenberg by including the Kozai-Lidov oscillations, a mechanism that significantly change orbital eccentricity and inclination in the Solar System. Sporadic meteors have been studied for many decades providing a wealthy re- source of data. Here, we build dynamical steady-state models for all known populations observed in the sporadic meteoroid complex based on the latest and most precise data provided by Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR). Our models using the latest theo- ries for cometary populations in the Solar System accurately describe observed sporadic background population. Our results are in agreement with observations provided by space probes IRAS and LDEF.

Submitted by BRUNA RAGASSI (bruna_ragassi@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-28T16:17:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Ragassi .pdf: 2101839 bytes, checksum: 9fec82e4090b7e088c646916c780712d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-06-28T17:14:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ragassi_b_me_ilha.pdf: 2101839 bytes, checksum: 9fec82e4090b7e088c646916c780712d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-28T17:14:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ragassi_b_me_ilha.pdf: 2101839 bytes, checksum: 9fec82e4090b7e088c646916c780712d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-07 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A qualidade da água é um assunto de crescente preocupação, especialmente devido à presença de fármacos que contaminam o ambiente aquático. Muitos compostos têm sido detectados em efluentes de estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETEs) e águas superficiais em todo o mundo. A ocorrência de fármacos no ambiente pode apresentar efeitos adversos aos ecossistemas aquáticos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a presença e a concentração dos fármacos diclofenaco, ibuprofeno e naproxeno durante março de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018 em 7 pontos de amostragem, sendo 5 pontos no Córrego das Marrecas - SP e 2 pontos na ETE do município de Dracena - SP. Em cada ponto do córrego foi mensurada a concentração de oxigênio dissolvido (OD), pH, temperatura e sólidos totais dissolvidos (SDT) com auxílio de uma Sonda Multiparamétrica Aquaread AP 2000. Para a identificação dos fármacos, as amostras foram preparadas por microextração líquido – líquido dispersiva e analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva para avaliação dos resultados de média, desvio padrão e coeficiente de variação dos parâmetros físico-químicos. Uma matriz de correlação foi aplicada para avaliar a interação entre os parâmetros físico-químicos da água e os fármacos dois a dois. Os três fármacos foram detectados em todos os pontos da ETE e do córrego. A maior concentração do diclofenaco (0,458 mg.L-1) foi registrada no ponto de lançamento do efluente da ETE no mês de março. Nesse ponto foi verificada a maior concentração de ibuprofeno (0,120 mg.L-1), porém no mês de maio. O naproxeno apresentou a maior concentração (0,040 mg.L-1) no mês de abril na nascente do Córrego das Marrecas e a jusante da ETE. Os parâmetros que apresentaram uma correlação significativa foram: ibuprofeno x temperatura, quanto maior a temperatura, menor a concentração de ibuprofeno. Oxigênio dissolvido x sólidos totais dissolvidos, quanto maior os STD, menor a concentração de OD. Oxigênio dissolvido x temperatura, quanto maior a temperatura menor o OD. Mudanças e melhorias devem ser realizadas para que a remoção desses compostos seja total, amenizando a transferência dessas substâncias para os ambientes aquáticos e diminuindo seus riscos para a saúde humana e para o meio ambiente. / Water quality is a subject of increasing concern, especially due to the presence of drugs that contaminate the aquatic environment. Many compounds have been detected in effluents from sewage treatment plants (ETEs) and surface water worldwide. The occurrence of drugs in the environment may have adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence and concentration of the drugs diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen during March 2017 to February 2018 in 7 sampling points, 5 points in the Stream of Marrecas - SP and 2 points in the TTE of the municipality of Dracena - SP The concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured at each point of the stream using an Aquaread AP 2000 Multiparameter Probe. For drug identification, the samples were prepared by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and analyzed by chromatography high efficiency liquid. A descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate the results of mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of physical-chemical parameters. A correlation matrix was applied to evaluate the interaction between the physicochemical parameters of water and drugs two to two. All three drugs were detected at all points of the TEE and the stream. The highest concentration of diclofenac (0.458 mg.L-1) was recorded at the point of launch of the ETE effluent in March. At that point, the highest concentration of ibuprofen (0.120 mg.L-1) was observed, but in May. The naproxen had the highest concentration (0.040 mg.L-1) in April at the source of the Stream of Marrecas and downstream of the TEE. In the TEE it was observed that a greater reduction of diclofenac occurred (97.7% in March), followed by ibuprofen (91.7%) and naproxen (43.5%) both in April. The parameters that presented a significant correlation were: ibuprofen x temperature, the higher the temperature, the lower the concentration of ibuprofen. Dissolved oxygen x total dissolved solids, the higher the STD, the lower the OD concentration. Dissolved oxygen x temperature, the higher the temperature the lower the OD. Changes and improvements should be made to the removal of these compounds, minimizing the transfer of these substances to aquatic environments and reducing their risks to human health and the environment.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-28T14:51:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA ADRIANA DE FREITAS MÁGERO RIBEIRO - TESE (PPGRN) 2016.pdf: 4890715 bytes, checksum: 8ddb96185afb1e335b5aba53e7281689 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T14:51:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA ADRIANA DE FREITAS MÁGERO RIBEIRO - TESE (PPGRN) 2016.pdf: 4890715 bytes, checksum: 8ddb96185afb1e335b5aba53e7281689 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / CNPq / A participação pública pode ser definida como um processo pelo qual diferentes atores colocam os problemas e soluções, onde metodologias e ferramentas são capazes de promover a criação de espaços coletivos de reflexão e diálogo, visando à construção e o conhecimento comum. Esta abordagem leva em conta o cenário específico onde o processo e as alternativas ocorrem em um contexto político, social e econômico. O acesso à informação na participação é essencial para a construção de sensibilização do público, principalmente nas questões relacionadas à água. As informações são necessárias, pois são capazes de fornecer aos envolvidos a oportunidade de expressar as suas preocupações e permite que as autoridades públicas tenham conhecimento sobre tais preocupações, garantindo que as decisões sejam implementadas de forma mais equitativa possível. Com a implementação da Lei Federal 9.433/1997, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (PNRH) houve um grande impulso ao processo de gestão das águas no Brasil. A Lei Federal introduziu um novo paradigma à gestão hídrica, destacando-se o princípio da descentralização da administração de recursos hídricos, com a participação dos governos, dos usuários e das comunidades no processo de tomada de decisões. Os Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas (CBHs) foram criados, com o objetivo de articular as questões relacionadas à gestão dos recursos hídricos destacando a atuação das entidades envolvidas, em nível de bacia hidrográfica. No Estado da Paraíba, a Política Estadual de Recursos Hídricos (PERH), estabelecida pela Lei 6.308/96 (alterada em 2007, pela Lei 8.446/07, para adequação às diretrizes da PNRH), também adota a gestão participativa como fundamento. Em Portugal, a Lei 58/2005 adaptou para a legislação nacional a Diretiva 2000/60/CE da União Europeia. Em 2009, no seguimento desta lei, o governo descentralizou a sua gestão criando 8 regiões hidrográficas, a cargo de órgãos autônomos intitulados Administrações de Região Hidrográfica (ARH). Foram também criados 5 Conselhos de Região Hidrográfica, com funções de órgãos consultivos das respectivas administrações. Neste contexto, o presente estudo avalia e compara a atuação do Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Paraíba e do Conselho de Recursos Hídricos do Alentejo, nas discussões dos instrumentos de gestão, ressaltando as semelhanças e dificuldades intrínsecas ao processo de implantação das políticas participativas. Em Portugal, a gestão das águas apresenta características de centralização, os Conselhos de Região Hidrográfica serviram, em grande parte, como espaços de prestação de informações da administração para os outros segmentos representados. As lacunas observadas no caso português são refletidas pelo modelo de gestão top-down, em que raras questões podem ser inseridas às discussões. Para o caso brasileiro, ainda são necessários ajustes no modelo de gerenciamento das águas, no sentido de promover à participação mais ativa dos membros, o fortalecimento das bases locais, através da aprendizagem social e, consequentemente, a independência desses espaços públicos tornando, a gestão dos recursos descentralizada e participativa. / Public participation can be defined as a process by which different actors pose problems and solutions and methodologies and tools, able to promote the creation of collective spaces for reflection and dialogue, aimed at building and common knowledge. This approach takes into account the specific scenario where the process and alternatives occur in a political context, social and economic. Access to information on participation is essential to building public awareness, especially on issues related to water. The information is necessary, as they are able to provide those involved the opportunity to express its concerns and enable public authorities are aware of such concerns, ensuring that decisions are implemented in a more equitable manner possible. With the implementation of Federal Law 9433/1997, which established the National Water Resources Policy (PNRH) was a big boost to the water management process in Brazil. Federal Law introduced a new paradigm for water management, especially the principle of decentralization of water management, with the participation of governments, users and communities in the decision-making process. Committees of Watershed (CBHs) were created with the objective of coordinating issues related to water resources management highlighting the role of the entities involved in watershed level. In the state of Paraíba, the State Water Resources Policy (PERH), established by Law 6.308/96 (as amended in 2007 by Law 8.446/07, in compliance with the guidelines of PNRH) also adopts participatory management as the foundation. In Portugal, Law 58/2005 adapted into national law Directive 2000/60 / EC of the European Union. In 2009, following this law, the government has decentralized its management creating eight river basin districts, in charge of autonomous bodies entitled Regional Hydrographic Administration (ARH). They were also created five Councils River Basin, with advisory bodies functions of their administrations. In this context, the present study evaluates and compares the performance of the Basin of the Paraíba River Committee and the Board of Water Resources of Alentejo, in discussions of management tools, highlighting the similarities and difficulties inherent to the implementation of participatory political process. In Portugal, water management features centralization features, the River Basin Councils served largely as spaces to provide management information to the other represented segments. The gaps observed in the Portuguese case are reflected by the model of top-down management, where rare issues can be inserted into the discussions. For Brazil, are still necessary adjustments in the water management model to promote the more active participation of members, the strengthening of local bases through social learning and hence the independence of these public spaces making, management the decentralized and participatory resources.

This thesis is focused on the inclusion of educational games in teaching physics at the elementary schools. The work aims to create a set of educational games for teaching physics at the elementary school. The theoretical part analyzes the theory of didactic games and use of games in education, increasing motivation among pupils. Further the theoretical part consists of an analysis of the selected thematic unit "substances and bodies". The practical part consists of a set of my own didactic games. Created didactic games can serve mainly for practicing, repetition and consolidation of curriculum and are designed to develop the selected key competencies to stimulate the innate playfulness and creativity of students. They also provide feedback on students' knowledge. It is possible to include games into the teaching in the form of competitions of individuals, couples or groups of pupils. Didactic games' benefits were verified in tests. Evaluation and results of these tests are elaborated at the end of this work.

O comportamento de veículos terrestres submetidos ao impacto é de grande relevância na engenharia automobilística, existindo um volume considerável de trabalhos técnicos nesta área. O estudo deste tipo de problema empregando modelos de elementos finitos de casca é realizado com sucesso. No entanto, para certos tipos de estudos, como os de otimização estrutural, é exigida a possibilidade de criar modelos que, sem perder os aspectos essenciais do problema, permitam obter soluções em tempo computacional reduzido. Nesse contexto, pretende-se no trabalho proposto desenvolver uma metodologia para otimizar, empregando o método dos Algoritmos Genéticos, estruturas unifilares formadas por barras flexíveis e/ou rígidas unidas através de juntas não lineares. O ajuste da rigidez não linear das juntas esféricas e translacionais que simulam o comportamento dos elementos estruturais é obtido a partir da análise de modelos em elementos finitos de casca que capturam o comportamento do tubo de parede fina ou por métodos analiticos. A avaliação da segurança em veículos automotivos do tipo ônibus interurbano ainda não se encontra adequadamente regulamentada. Empresas nacionais do ramo da fabricação de carrocerias de ônibus têm procurado em normas internacionais, no apoio das empresas fornecedoras de chassi, em agências governamentais, tais como o INMETRO, IBAMA e DENATRAN, os subsídios para desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia própria para o projeto de suas estruturas. Uma avaliação da segurança dos ocupantes deste tipo de veículo deve ser um item importante a ser verificado. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para avaliação da segurança de estruturas sob ação de impacto frontal e, a partir dela, propor alternativas para prover a estrutura do ônibus da capacidade de absorver toda a energia produzida durante o evento de impacto. / The behavior of vehicles under impact is great importance in automotive engineering with a considerable amount of technical work in this area. The study of this kind of problem using shell finite element models is used with success. However, for certain types of studies, such as structural optimization, requires the ability to create models that, without losing the essence of the problem, to obtain solutions in reduced computational time. In this context, the proposed work is intended to develop a methodology to optimize, using the method of genetic algorithms, single-line structures formed by flexible and/or stiff rods together by non-linear joints. The adjustment of nonlinear stiffness of the spherical and translational joints that simulate the behavior of structural elements is obtained from the analysis of shell finite element models that capture the behavior of thin-walled tube, or otherwise, for analytical methods. The assessment of security in automotive vehicles of the type intercity bus is not properly regulated. National companies in the business manufacture of bus bodies have sought to international standards, supply companies chassis, government agencies such as INMETRO, IBAMA and DENATRAN subsidies for development of a proprietary technology for the design of its structures. An evaluation of the safety of occupants of such vehicle shall be an important item to be checked. This work presents a methodology for assessing the safety of structures under frontal impact and from that one to propose alternatives to provide the bus structure capacity to absorb all energy produced during the impact event.