Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Jacobs, Laurence J.; Committee Member: Kim, Jin-Yeon; Committee Member: Qu, Jianmin. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2004. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic version.

Thesis (M.Eng.(Civil and Biosystems Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 1985. / Summaries in Afrikaans and English. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research focuses on the utilisation of de-inking sludge from a tissue mill to produce a wood-fibre inorganic composite called the Deviro panel. The study is based on the SA provisional patent 95/9594 by Ysbrandy and Gerischer' and the further research conducted by Crafford'. The patented Deviro panel contains up to 70% de-inking sludge. Cement and a cement extender serve to fortify the composite. The panel's fibre content of 25-30% is significantly greater than encountered in commercial fibre inorganic composites which contain 8-12% fibre by weight. The physico-mechanical characteristics of the Deviro panel compare favourably with resin bonded wood-fibre composites, but less favourably compared to conventional wood and wood-fibre inorganic composites. These properties are strongly dependent on panel density. For instance flexural strength being directly proportional while dimensional stability and hygroscopicity being inversely proportional to density. After confirming the results from the preceding work by Crafford, further improvements were investigated through chemical and curing enhancements. For instance, an autoclaving treatment during the curing period showed an increase in flexural strength. Addition of water glass could be associated with bulking of the panel, which resulted in increased flexural strength and a slight reduction of density. Panel density could be significantly reduced by the addition of Perlite, while inhibiting the concomitant reduction in strength. In addition a pilot production process was developed to produce 1m2 panels, which exhibited similar curing characteristics as the smaller panel units. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing handeloor die gebruik van ontinkingsslyk van 'n sneespapier meule om die Deviro paneel, 'n houtvesel anorganiese saamgestelde produk, te produseer. Die studie volg uit die SA voorlopige patent 95/9594 deur Ysbrandy en Gerischer en verdere narvorsing deur Crafford'. Die gepatenteerde Deviro paneel bevat tot 70% ontinkingsslyk. Sement en sement-byvoegmiddels dien om die saamgestelde produk te versterk. Die paneel bevat 25-30% vesel wat aansienlik meer is as ander kommersiële anorganiese saamgestelde produkte wat 'n vesel inhoud van 8-12% het. Die megamese eienskappe van die Deviro paneel is vergelykbaar met houtvesel saamgestelde produkte waar hars as kleefiniddel dien, maar vergelyk minder gunstig teenoor konvensionele hout en houtvesel anorganiese saamgestelde produkte. Die paneel se eienskappe is afhanklik van sy digtheid Buig sterkte is eweredig terwyl dimensionele stabiliteit en hygroskopisiteit omgekeerd eweredig aan die digtheid van die paneel is. Die voorafgaande werk van Crafford is eers gestaaf voordat veranderinge aan die chemiese samestelling en drogingsmetodes van die paneel nagevors is. Daar is byvoorbeeld bevind dat, deur die paneel te outoklaveer gedurende die set periode, dit lei tot 'n toename in buig sterkte. Die byvoeging van water glas kan swelling laat plaasvind wat 'n afname in buig sterkte en 'n afname in digtheid tot gevolg het. Digtheid kan ook aansienlik verlaag word deur die byvoeging van Perlite terwyl 'n dienooreenkomstige verlaging in buig sterkte tot 'n mate voorkom word. 'n Loods produksie proses is ook ontwikkel om 'n 1m2 paneel te vervaardig wat dieselfde eienskappe toon as die kleiner paneel.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第14148号 / 工博第2982号 / 新制||工||1443(附属図書館) / 26454 / UT51-2008-N465 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 / (主査)教授 津野 洋, 教授 森澤 眞輔, 教授 酒井 伸一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

O Campo de Camorim é um dos principais produtores de hidrocarbonetos da Bacia de Sergipe (SE), situada na porção nordeste da margem continental brasileira. Foram estudados quatro poços com testemunhagem no Membro Carmópolis (da Formação Muribeca) que é considerado como o melhor reservatório do Campo. Os poços posicionamse em dois blocos estruturais (aqui denominados de Área Leste e Área Oeste) que apresentam comportamentos distintos em relação à recuperação de hidrocarbonetos. O Membro Carmópolis caracteriza-se pelo predomínio de conglomerados e litoarenitos de granulometria média a grossa (Área Oeste) e também fina a muito fina (Área Leste). Estas rochas se depositaram sob condições climáticas de semi-aridez, na fase transicional de evolução da margem continental brasileira. A cimentação dolomítica teve um importante papel na qualidade destes reservatórios principalmente pela sustentação do arcabouço. Normalmente, a porosidade é reduzida pela compactação e deformação de fragmentos líticos originando uma pseudomatriz. Em função da evolução diagenética observada na área de estudo, foram identificados três tipos de cimento dolomítico. O Tipo I (dolomita romboédrica microcristalina, intergranular, eogenética) apresenta-se livre de ferro. A dolomita Tipo II, com óxido de ferro (“aspecto sujo”), é caracterizada pela forma de mosaicos (anédricos). No estágio mesodiagenético, caracteriza-se o Tipo III identificado pelos romboedros com zoneamento entre dolomita, dolomita ferrosa e anquerita, pois há com maior disponibilidade do íon ferro no ambiente. Em relação aos valores δ18O e δ13C observa-se que para a Área Oeste, considerando-se o predomínio da influência de águas meteóricas, podem ser calculados valores de 54,9oC a 70,0oC para a precipitação da dolomítica (Tipos I e II). Este intervalo de temperatura associa-se aos arenitos cimentados próximo da superfície e de soterramento raso. Para as amostras da Área Leste propõe-se a atuação de fluidos marinhos e, neste caso, o range da temperatura de precipitação variou de 78,8oC a 102,8oC. Este intervalo de temperatura corresponderia os cimentos de precipitação pós-compactacional associados às maiores profundidades. / The Camorim Field is one of the principal producers of hydrocarbon in the Sergipe Basin (SE), situated in the northeastern portion of the eastern Brazilian continental shore. Four well cores were studied in the Carmópolis Member (from the Muribeca Formation), which is considered the best reservoir in the Field. The wells are positioned in two structural blocks (here denominated as East Area and West Area) that present distinct behavior relating to hydrocarbon recuperation. The Carmópolis Member is characterized by a predominance of conglomerates and lithoarenites with medium and thick granulometry (West Area) and also fine and very fine (East Area). These rocks were deposited under semi-arid conditions, in the transitional phase of the Brazilian continental coast evolution. Dolomitic cementation had an important role in the quality of these reservoirs principally due to supporting the framework. Normally, the porosity is reduced by the compacting and deformity of lithic fragments from a pseudomatrix. Due to the diagentic evolution observed in the studied area, three types of dolomotic cement were found. Type I (microcrystalline romboedric dolomite, intergranular, eogenetic) is free of iron. The Type II dolomite, with iron oxide (“dirty look”), is characterized by it mosaic form (anedric). In the mesodiagenetic phase, Type III is characterized, identified by romboedros with zoning between dolomite, iron dolomite, and anquerite, since there are more iron ions in the environment. In relation to the values δ18O e δ13C, it was observed that for the West Area, considering the predominance of meteoric water influence, the values 54.9oC to 70.0oC can be calculated for dolomite precipitation (Types I and II). This temperature interval is associated to the cemented arenites close to the surface. For the samples from the East Area, marine fluid action is proposed, and in this case, the precipitation temperature range varied from 78.8oC to 102.8oC. This temperature interval would correspond to the post-compact precipitation cements associated to greater depths.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, em microscopia confocal à laser (CLSM), a ação antimicrobiana do Neo MTA Plus, do Biodentine e do MTA Angelus, utilizando um modelo de biofilme multi-espécies microcosmo, e descrever a morfologia dos microrganismos encontrados no biofilme, através da análise em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Cinquenta e seis blocos de dentina, confeccionados a partir de raízes de dentes humanos, foram cortados em dimensões de 5 x 4 x 4 mm, limpos e esterilizados. Dois blocos foram utilizados para o controle do processo de esterilização. Os demais 54 foram fixados em placas de Hawley confeccionadas para 6 voluntários. Cada voluntário utilizou uma placa por 72 horas. Após esse período, os blocos foram mantidos em poços de cultura celular, contendo BHI, em estufa à 37ºC, por um período de 21 dias. Ao final do processo de maturação do biofilme, as amostras foram divididas aleatoriamente em 5 grupos, conforme os cimentos a serem testados e o método de análise: Neo MTA Plus (n=12), Biodentine (n=12), MTA Angelus (n=12), controle negativo (n=12) e grupo para análise em MEV (n=6). A seguir, os cimentos foram colocados em contato com o biofilme dos blocos dos grupos-teste e os conjuntos (bloco + cimento) ou os blocos do grupo controle e para análise em MEV foram recolocados em poços de cultura contendo BHI, onde permaneceram por 7 dias à 37ºC. A análise em CLSM foi realizada nos blocos de dentina e nos cimentos, separadamente. A analise em MEV foi realizada nas seis amostras do grupo correspondente. Todos os grupos apresentaram mais de 50% de bactérias viáveis. O Neo MTA Plus foi o único material a apresentar diferença significativa quando comparado ao grupo controle negativo (P=.0379). A análise em MEV mostrou um biofilme composto por bactérias de forma circular e de bastonetes, circundadas por matriz extra-celular. Em conclusão, todos os grupos apresentaram bactérias viáveis e o Neo MTA Plus teve a maior ação antimicrobiana. / This study aimed to assess, by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the antimicrobial effect of Neo MTA Plus, Biodentine and MTA Angelus, using a microcosmo biofilm model, and to describe the microrganisms morphology, by SEM. Fifty-six dentin blocks were made from human teeth roots, cut in a size 5 x 4 x 4 mm, cleaned and sterelized. Two blocks were used to sterelization control. The others 54 blocks were fixed in Hawley retainers made for 6 volunteers that used it for 72h. After this period, they were placed in wells with BHI for 21 days, at 37ºC. At the end of the biofilm growth, the samples were randomly divided in 5 groups: Neo MTA Plus (n=12), Biodentine (n=12), MTA Angelus (n=12), negative control (n=12), and SEM analysis (n=6). The cements were placed in contact with the blocks of the tested groups. All samples were replaced in wells with BHI by 7 days at 37ºC. CLSM analysis evaluated the dentin blocks and cements isolated. SEM observation were performed in the six samples of the respective group. All groups presented a level of viable bacteria higher than 50%. Neo MTA Plus was the only one that showed significant difference from the negative control group (P=.0379). SEM analysis showed a biofilm composed of spherical and rod-shaped bacteria surrounded by extracellular matrix. All groups presented viable bacteria and Neo MTA Plus had the highest antimicrobial effect.

The work is focused on the possible use of secondary raw materials of the energy industry in the construction industry, particularly in concrete applications, where as the main raw material of the binder composition are used solid fluidized bed combustion residues - filter and ground. The aim of this work is to prepare concrete or concretes based on solid residues from fluidized bed combustion, that will fulfill or at least approximately approach by their parameters to commonly used concretes based on portland cement. The experimental part is divided into several chapters, at first the results of analyzes of feedstock and solid residues from fluidized bed combustion, portland cement and calcium hydroxide. Other chapters describe proposals for alternative binders, concrete, characterization and testing. Mainly were observed changing properties of the prepared concretes by changing the ratio of binders and aggregates. In tests were evaluated mainly mechanical properties and phase composition.

This work focuses on the possibility of using recycled glass in the manufacture of blended portland cements. It examines the possibilities to improve pozzolanic properties of recycled glass with new milling processes, the formation of agglomerates material during the course of grinding and their subsequent effect on the hydration process of binders. It is also the optimization of the grinding process with respect to the wear of grinding bodies, grinding energy consumption and maximize the performance of the mill.