Orientador: Marco Antonio de Morais Alcantara / Co-orientador: Antonio Anderson da Silva Segantini / Banca: Geraldo de Freitas Maciel / Banca: Gilberto Carbonari / Resumo: Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre a influência da Cinza de Casca de Arroz - CCA e da cal no comportamento do Solo Cimento Auto-Adensável - SCAA no estado fresco e endurecido, e um estudo preliminar sobre a reologia do SCAA e sua relação com o fator água/cimento. Foram adotadas 18 misturas de SCAA, variando-se as quantidades de água, cimento, CCA, cal e superplastificante, utilizando parâmetros adequados como base de estudo. A proposta principal visa analisar a ação de materiais pozolânicos e hidráulicos na mistura de SCAA, nas condições de trabalhabilidade no estado fresco, e na evolução de sua resistência ao longo do tempo. No estado fresco, foram realizados ensaios de espalhamento "slump flow", ensaio do Funil e ensaios de segregação por peneiramento; no estado endurecido, corpos-de- prova cilíndricos de 5 cm de diâmetro e 10 cm de altura foram submetidos a ensaios de resistência à compressão mecânica e absorção de água aos 7, 28, 56 e 84 dias. Observou-se que, no estado fresco, para o maior teor de cimento adotado no estudo, a mistura mostrou uma diminuição de trabalhabilidade com a adição de CCA. No estado endurecido, foi observado uma diminuição da absorção e um crescimento da resistência mecânica à compressão com os teores de cimento, de CCA, de cal, e dos dois conjuntamente. A ação benéfica da CCA na resistência mecânica a compressão aumentou, em geral, com o teor de cimento na mistura, e através do tempo a partir de 28 dias de cura. Uma diminuição desta ação é visível a partir de 84 dias de cura. Foram alcançados, aos 28 dias de cura, tensões limites de 7,99 MPa para as misturas sem adições, e de 11,45 MPa com adjunção de 10% de CCA em relação com a massa de cimento. O estudo adicional que foi realizado durante essa pesquisa teve como proposta a análise do comportamento reológico do SCAA fresco para três das... / Abstract: This paper present a study about the influence of Rice Husk Ash - RHA and lime on the behaviour of Self-Compacting Soil Cement - SCSC at fresh and hardened state, and a preliminary study about the rheology of SCSC and its relationship with the water-cement ratio. 18 mixes were made by varying the amounts of water, cement, RHA, lime and superplasticizer, using appropriate parameters as a baseline. The main proposal aims to analyze the action of pozzolans and hydraulic materials in the SCSC mixtures, on workability conditions at fresh state, and on compressive strength over time. Slump Flow, Funnel and Segregation tests were performed at fresh state. At hardened state, cylindrical specimens of 50 mm diameter and 100 mm height, were subjected to unconfined compression test and water absorption test after 7, 28, 56 and 84 days. It was observed that, at fresh state, for the higher cement content adopted in this study, the mixture showed a decrease in workability with the addition of RHA. At hardened state, the material showed a decrease in absorption and an increase in compressive strength with cement, RHA and lime contents, and with the addition of RHA and lime together. The beneficial action of CCA on the strength of SCSC increased, on average, with the cement content in the mix, and through time from 28 days of curing. A decrease of that action is visible at 84 days of curing. After 28 days of curing, ultimate tensile strength of 7.99 MPa for mixes without additions, and 11.45 MPa with ratio CCA:cement of 1:10. In the additional study related in this paper, the rheological behavior of fresh SCAA developed in the study was analyzed. Three mixes, without addition, were chosen within the 18 mixes of the main study with the purpose of observing the water-cement ratio influence. The additional study adhered to the determination of the rheological model - representing the behavior of the fresh material ... / Mestre

Resumo: A Formação Corumbataí (Permiano) foi estudada em suas variações verticais, em duas frentes de lavra nas proximidades de Rio Claro, enfocando as relações entre os componentes mineralógicos e as propriedades cerâmicas. A análise petrográfica das amostras coletadas nessas minas, por meio de microscópio óptico, juntamente com Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) dos minerais do cimento e Difração de Raios-X (DRX) com a fração argila, revelou uma assembléia mineralógica complexa com quartzo e feldspato na dimensão silte, matriz constituída por illita, esmectita-clorita, chamosita, berthierina e argilominerais interestratificados, e hematita, calcita e albita como cimento dessas rochas. Os sedimentos originais, pelíticos e ricos em ferro, foram modificados pelos eventos diagenéticos, durante a interação com soluções conatas alcalinas; processos de substituição e autigênese sucederam a diagênese inicial promovendo a formação de diferentes tipos de cimento e o crescimento dos cristais de illita. Os filossilicatos hidratados e amorfos de sílica precipitados na interface sedimento-água deram origem a esses minerais através de transformações associadas à perda de água interplanar e trocas catiônicas com os fluidos hipersalinos iniciais, mas também há evidências de forte influência de eventos magmáticos que teriam desencadeado novas transformações diagenéticas. A diagênese tardia sob influência de processos superficiais sob ação de águas meteóricas também está registrada em algumas feições, embora mais restrita pela característica impermeável dos litotipos. Os principais horizontes estratigráficos foram descritos em termos de litotipo, textura, conteúdo em argila e minerais do cimento. Análise de Componentes Principais e de Agrupamento reforça a correlação entre as feições texturais (granulometria e maturidade) e as propriedades físicas do material. / Abstract: The Late Permian Corumbataí Formation was studied in its vertical variability within a couple of mine works close to Rio Claro, focusing relationships between mineralogical components and ceramics properties. The petrographic analysis of the samples collected in these mines, made by optical microscopic, Scanning Eletron Microscopy (SEM) of the cement minerals and X-ray techniques with clay fraction, revealed a complex mineralogical assemblage with quartz and feldspar in silt size grains, within a matrix constituted by illite, smectite-chlorite, chamosite, berthierine and interestratified clay-minerals, with cement of hematite, calcite and albite. The original fine-grained iron-rich sediment was modified by diagenetic events, during the interaction with alcalline conate solutions; mineralogical substitution and authigenesis followed this early diagenesis with the formation of different types of cement. The hidrous phyllosilicates and the amorphous silica precipited in the water-sediment interface played an important role on these transformations, but there are evidences of strong influence of magmatic events wich promoted another diagenetic phase generation. The principal stratigraphic horizons were described in terms of lithology, texture, argillaceous content and cement minerals. Principal Components and Clusters Analysis strains the correlation between textural features (grain size and maturity) and physical properties of the material. / Orientador: Sebastião Gomes de Carvalho / Coorientador: Erasto Boretti de Almeida / Banca: Paulo Miranda de Figueiredo Filho / Banca: José Francisco Marciano Motta / Banca: Marcos Roberto Masson / Banca: Antenor Zanardo / Doutor

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Civil Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology / Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a flowable self-consolidating concrete which can fill formwork without any external vibration. A self-compacting concrete mix requires the addition of superplasticiser (SP), which allows it to become more workable without the addition of excessive water to the mixture. The effect of different CEM I 52.5N cements produced by one company at different factories on self-compacting concrete was investigated. The properties of SCC are highly sensitive to changes in material properties, water content and addition of admixtures. For self-compacting concrete to be more accepted in South Africa, the effect that locally sourced materials have on SCC, partially replaced with extenders, needs to be investigated. The European guidelines for SCC (2005) determined the standard, through an extensive study, for the design and testing of self-compacting concrete. Using these guidelines, the properties of self-compacting concrete with the usage of local materials were investigated. The effect on SCC mixes was studied by using four cements; two types of SPs – partially replaced with two types of fly ash; and one type of slag. Mix design and tests were done according to the European Specification and Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete (2005). Using locally sourced materials (different cements, sand, coarse aggregate, fly ashes and slag), mixes were optimised with different SPs. Optimisation was achieved when self-compacting criteria, as found in the European guidelines, were adhered to, and the binders in these required mixes were then partially replaced with fly ash and slag at different concentrations. Tests done were the slump flow, V-funnel, L-box, sieve segregation resistance as well as the compressive strength tests. The results obtained were then compared with the properties prescribed by the European guidelines. The cements reacted differently when adding the SPs, and partially replacing fly ash and slag. According to the tests, replacing cement with extenders – in order to get a sufficient SCC – seemed to depend on the chemical and physical properties of each cement type, including the soluble alkali in the mixture, C3A, C3S and the surface area. The range, in which the concentration of these chemical and physical cement compounds should vary – in order to produce an acceptable SCC partially replaced by extenders – was determined and suggested to the cement producer. The main conclusion of this project is that cement properties vary sufficiently from factory to factory so as to influence the performance of an SCC mix. The problem becomes even bigger when such cements are extended with fly ash or slag, and when different SPs are used. When designing a stable SCC mix, these factors should be taken into account.

Orientador: João Guilherme Padilha Filho / Banca: Paola Castro Morais / Banca: Patricia Popak Giordano / Banca: Delphim da Graça Macoris / Banca: Márcia Rita Fernandes Machado / Resumo: Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa estudar o comportamento e a bioatividade do cimento de alfa-fosfato tricalcico de dupla pega em artrodeses tarsocrurais. Utilizaram-se seis caes, adultos, macho ou femeas, sem raca definida, com idades entre dois e cinco anos e pesando entre 18 e 30 kg. Foram constituidos dois grupos com 3 animais cada: um grupo onde empregou-se o cimento de ¿-fosfato tricalcico de dupla pega (Grupo I) e outro utilizando osso esponjoso autogeno (Grupo II). A avaliacao radiografica ocorreu aos 30, 45, 60, 90 e 120 dias apos o procedimento cirurgico. Radiograficamente, a fusao dos ossos das articulacoes ocorreu em ambos os grupos apos o 30o dia, sem qualquer reacao adversa ou do tipo corpo estranho. A estabilidade das articulacoes foi satisfatoria com a utilizacao de fixadores esqueleticos externos. Histologicamente, aos 120 dias, observaram-se diferencas na maturidade das celulas osseas entre os dois grupos ocorrendo absorcao lenta e remodelacao da bioceramica (Grupo I). Relativamente a microscopia eletronica de varredura, foi observada formacao de osso novo diretamente na superficie da bioceramica, sem causar formacao de lacuna entre a interface osso-ceramica. O cimento de alfa-fosfato tricalcico de dupla pega demonstrou ter uma boa resistencia mecanica, propriedades de biocompatibilidade, crescimento osseo direto sobre a ceramica, osteoconducao e, ainda, ocorrencia de lenta absorcao quando comparado ao enxerto ósseo. / Abstract: The purpose of this research was to estuding the behaviour and bioactivity of the á-tricalcium phosphate cement double setting in tarsocrural arthrodesis. Therefore, six canines, both male and female adults mongrel dogs, aged between two and five years old and weighing between 12 and 18kg, were the objects of this study. They were vi divided into two groups with three animals each. On Group I á-tricalcium phosphate cement double setting was used. The Group II, also considered the control group, autogenous cancellous bone graft was used. The periods chosen for the radiographic analysis were 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days after surgery. Radiographyc bone fusions on the joints were observed on both groups after 30 days. The stabilization of the joints with external fixators proved to be very satisfactory. No reaction of foreigh body or infection process due to the material used was observed. The histological analysis performed after 120 days after surgery revealed differences in terms of the maturity of the bone cells between the two groups, showing slow absorption and remodelling of the bioceramic (Group I). In terms of the scanning electronic microscopy, bone growth was detected, right on the surface of the bioceramic, without causing gap formation on the bone-ceramic joint. The á-tricalcium phosphate cement double setting demonstrated to have a good mechanical resistance, bioacompatibility properties, direct bone growth on the ceramic and osteocondution and, still, the occurrence of slow absorption when compared to the bone graft. / Doutor

Orientador: Angela Cristina Cilense Zuanon / Banca: Renata Cristiane da Silva / Banca: Josimeri Hebling da Costa / Resumo: Este estudo investigou o efeito da excitação ultra-sônica na resistência máxima à tração e de união à dentina de cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIV), após 24 horas ou 30 dias de armazenamento em água destilada à 37ºC, por meio do teste de microtração. Os materiais utilizados foram o CIV de alta viscosidade Fuji IX GP, Ketac Molar e o modificado por resina, Vitremer. Foram confeccionados 12 corpos de prova para cada material, dos quais 6 formaram o grupo controle e 6 receberam tratamento com US, por 30 segundos. Para o experimento de resistência de união à dentina, trinta e seis terceiros molares foram divididos aleatoriamente entre os grupos experimentais já descritos. Em ambos os experimentos, após o período de armazenamento, os corpos de prova foram seccionados em espécimes com área adesiva média de 0,91mm2 (± 0,1) e 0,93 mm2 (± 0,09), respectivamente para o experimento de resistência à tração e de união. Os dados foram analisados pela análise de variância com a correção de Welch (p<0,001) e teste de Tamhane (α = 0,05). O cimento Fuji IX (24 horas) apresentou aumento significativo na resistência máxima à tração e o Ketac Molar (24 horas) na resistência de união à dentina, após a aplicação do US. Os grupos controle destes materiais também apresentaram aumento da resistência após 30 dias de armazenamento. Em todos os outros grupos experimentais não houve alteração significativa após a aplicação de US ou após diferentes períodos de armazenamento. A aplicação do ultra-som aumentou a resistência máxima à tração e de união à dentina, após 24 horas de armazenamento, quando se utilizou respectivamente, os cimentos Fuji IX e Ketac Molar. / Abstract: This study investigated the GICs ultimate tensile strength and bond to dentine after ultrasonic excitation and after periods of the 24 hours and 30 days storage in distilled water at 37ºC, using microtensile test. Two high viscosity GICs, Fuji IX GP and Molar Ketac, and the resin modified GIC Vitremer were used. Twelve specimens for each material were prepared, 6 formed the control group and 6 received treatment with US, por 30 seconds. For the ultimate tensile strength experiment, a cross-sectional area of 0.91mm2 (± 0.1) in the specimens were obtained. For the tensile bond strength to dentine test, 36 third molar were selected and randomly divided into groups, with a cross-sectional area of 0.93 mm2 (± 0.09). All specimens were tested in a microtensile test machine. The data were evaluated by analysis of variance and corrected by Welch (p<0.001) and Tamhane tests (α = 0.05). Fuji IX (24 hours) had significant increase in the ultimate tensile strength and Ketac Molar (24 hours) had significant increase in the tensile strength of union to dentine, after the application of the US. The control groups of the Fuji IX and Ketac Molar had increase in the tensile strength after 30 days of storage. All the other groups, did not show significant difference neither when US application was used nor between different storage times. The ultrasound application increased the ultimate tensile strength and bond to the dentine, after 24 hours of storage, when if it used respectively, the Ketac Molar and Fuji IX cements. / Mestre

Orientador: Sizenando de Toledo Porto Neto / Resumo: Nessa pesquisa utilizou-se de três unidades fotoativardoras na polimerização de uma marca comercial de cimento resinoso de dupla ativação, com a interposição de uma lâmina de cerômero e de porcelana, para avaliar a microdureza superficial do cimento resinoso, considerando sua superfície do topo e da base Os corpos-de-prova foram confeccionados utilizando-se matrizes metálicas com 2mm de espessura e 16mm de diâmetro, com o orifício central medindo 8mm de diâmetro (figura 4), coincidindo com o diâmetro da ponta dos aparelhos de luz. Como espaçadores foram utilizados anéis metálicos com 2mm e 4mm de altura confeccionados de cerâmica e cerômero, na tentativa de se reproduzir as espessuras médias das restaurações indiretas realizadas clinicamente. Foram realizados quatro corpos-de-prova para cada grupo, com os três aparelhos fotoativadores e para cada grupo do material intermediário. A inserção da resina no orifício central da matriz foi realizada em uma única porção, utilizando-se de uma seringa Centrix. Após a inserção do cimento, obteve-se um pequeno excesso do material. Sobre o cimento a foi colocada uma tira de poliéster e posicionado peso de um quilo para a homogeneização e planificação da superfície. Após a remoção do peso, foi executada a ativação do cimento resinoso com a ponta dos aparelhos de luz utilizados no experimento, posicionado diretamente sobre as pastilhas de cerâmica e cerômero. Os corpos-de-prova foram removidos da matriz metálica, acondicionados em recipientes à prova de luz e mantidos a temperatura de 37o C durante 24 horas. As superfícies do topo e da base do corpo-de-prova foram polidas com lixas d'água em graus descendentes (800, 320 e 600 norton) de abrasividade e submetidas ao teste de microdureza. Para a determinação da microdureza, foi utilizado o aparelho Microdurômetro Digital MHT-110 MICROHARDNESS TESTER, Anton... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluated the efficiency of three different units of light curing in activating a commercial trend of resin cement. The body-of-test had been confectioned using first metallic with 2mm of thickness and 16mm of diameter, with the central orifice measuring 8mm of diameter (figure 4), coinciding with the diameter of the tip of the light devices. As spacers metallic rings with 2mm and 4mm of height confectioned of ceramics had been used and cerômero, in the attempt of if clinically reproducing the average thicknesses of the carried through indirect restorations. They had been carried through four body-of-test for each group, with the three devices photo curing and for each group of the intermediate material. The insertion of the resin in the central orifice of the matrix was carried through in an only portion, using itself of a Centrix syringe. After the insertion of the cement, got a small excess of the material. On the cement a polyester strap was placed it and located weight of one kilo for the homogenization and planning of the surface. After the removal of the weight, was executed the activation of the resin cement with the tip of the devices of light used in the experiment, located directly on the tablets of ceramics and ceromer. The test bodies had been gotten thus the body-of-test had been removed of the metallic matrix, conditioned in containers to the test of light and kept the temperature of 37o C during 24 hours. The surfaces of the top and the base of the body-of-test had been polishing with sandpapers in degrees descending (800, 320 and 600 norton) of abrasiveness and submitted to the micro hardness test. For the determination of the micro hardness, the device Digital Micro hardness tester MHT-110 MICROHARDNESS TESTER, Anton Paar-Paar Physica, Graz was used, Austria, of the Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara (UNESP) with load of 50N during 30 seconds... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Doutor

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, em microscopia confocal à laser (CLSM), a ação antimicrobiana do Neo MTA Plus, do Biodentine e do MTA Angelus, utilizando um modelo de biofilme multi-espécies microcosmo, e descrever a morfologia dos microrganismos encontrados no biofilme, através da análise em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Cinquenta e seis blocos de dentina, confeccionados a partir de raízes de dentes humanos, foram cortados em dimensões de 5 x 4 x 4 mm, limpos e esterilizados. Dois blocos foram utilizados para o controle do processo de esterilização. Os demais 54 foram fixados em placas de Hawley confeccionadas para 6 voluntários. Cada voluntário utilizou uma placa por 72 horas. Após esse período, os blocos foram mantidos em poços de cultura celular, contendo BHI, em estufa à 37ºC, por um período de 21 dias. Ao final do processo de maturação do biofilme, as amostras foram divididas aleatoriamente em 5 grupos, conforme os cimentos a serem testados e o método de análise: Neo MTA Plus (n=12), Biodentine (n=12), MTA Angelus (n=12), controle negativo (n=12) e grupo para análise em MEV (n=6). A seguir, os cimentos foram colocados em contato com o biofilme dos blocos dos grupos-teste e os conjuntos (bloco + cimento) ou os blocos do grupo controle e para análise em MEV foram recolocados em poços de cultura contendo BHI, onde permaneceram por 7 dias à 37ºC. A análise em CLSM foi realizada nos blocos de dentina e nos cimentos, separadamente. A analise em MEV foi realizada nas seis amostras do grupo correspondente. Todos os grupos apresentaram mais de 50% de bactérias viáveis. O Neo MTA Plus foi o único material a apresentar diferença significativa quando comparado ao grupo controle negativo (P=.0379). A análise em MEV mostrou um biofilme composto por bactérias de forma circular e de bastonetes, circundadas por matriz extra-celular. Em conclusão, todos os grupos apresentaram bactérias viáveis e o Neo MTA Plus teve a maior ação antimicrobiana. / This study aimed to assess, by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the antimicrobial effect of Neo MTA Plus, Biodentine and MTA Angelus, using a microcosmo biofilm model, and to describe the microrganisms morphology, by SEM. Fifty-six dentin blocks were made from human teeth roots, cut in a size 5 x 4 x 4 mm, cleaned and sterelized. Two blocks were used to sterelization control. The others 54 blocks were fixed in Hawley retainers made for 6 volunteers that used it for 72h. After this period, they were placed in wells with BHI for 21 days, at 37ºC. At the end of the biofilm growth, the samples were randomly divided in 5 groups: Neo MTA Plus (n=12), Biodentine (n=12), MTA Angelus (n=12), negative control (n=12), and SEM analysis (n=6). The cements were placed in contact with the blocks of the tested groups. All samples were replaced in wells with BHI by 7 days at 37ºC. CLSM analysis evaluated the dentin blocks and cements isolated. SEM observation were performed in the six samples of the respective group. All groups presented a level of viable bacteria higher than 50%. Neo MTA Plus was the only one that showed significant difference from the negative control group (P=.0379). SEM analysis showed a biofilm composed of spherical and rod-shaped bacteria surrounded by extracellular matrix. All groups presented viable bacteria and Neo MTA Plus had the highest antimicrobial effect.

O Campo de Camorim é um dos principais produtores de hidrocarbonetos da Bacia de Sergipe (SE), situada na porção nordeste da margem continental brasileira. Foram estudados quatro poços com testemunhagem no Membro Carmópolis (da Formação Muribeca) que é considerado como o melhor reservatório do Campo. Os poços posicionamse em dois blocos estruturais (aqui denominados de Área Leste e Área Oeste) que apresentam comportamentos distintos em relação à recuperação de hidrocarbonetos. O Membro Carmópolis caracteriza-se pelo predomínio de conglomerados e litoarenitos de granulometria média a grossa (Área Oeste) e também fina a muito fina (Área Leste). Estas rochas se depositaram sob condições climáticas de semi-aridez, na fase transicional de evolução da margem continental brasileira. A cimentação dolomítica teve um importante papel na qualidade destes reservatórios principalmente pela sustentação do arcabouço. Normalmente, a porosidade é reduzida pela compactação e deformação de fragmentos líticos originando uma pseudomatriz. Em função da evolução diagenética observada na área de estudo, foram identificados três tipos de cimento dolomítico. O Tipo I (dolomita romboédrica microcristalina, intergranular, eogenética) apresenta-se livre de ferro. A dolomita Tipo II, com óxido de ferro (“aspecto sujo”), é caracterizada pela forma de mosaicos (anédricos). No estágio mesodiagenético, caracteriza-se o Tipo III identificado pelos romboedros com zoneamento entre dolomita, dolomita ferrosa e anquerita, pois há com maior disponibilidade do íon ferro no ambiente. Em relação aos valores δ18O e δ13C observa-se que para a Área Oeste, considerando-se o predomínio da influência de águas meteóricas, podem ser calculados valores de 54,9oC a 70,0oC para a precipitação da dolomítica (Tipos I e II). Este intervalo de temperatura associa-se aos arenitos cimentados próximo da superfície e de soterramento raso. Para as amostras da Área Leste propõe-se a atuação de fluidos marinhos e, neste caso, o range da temperatura de precipitação variou de 78,8oC a 102,8oC. Este intervalo de temperatura corresponderia os cimentos de precipitação pós-compactacional associados às maiores profundidades. / The Camorim Field is one of the principal producers of hydrocarbon in the Sergipe Basin (SE), situated in the northeastern portion of the eastern Brazilian continental shore. Four well cores were studied in the Carmópolis Member (from the Muribeca Formation), which is considered the best reservoir in the Field. The wells are positioned in two structural blocks (here denominated as East Area and West Area) that present distinct behavior relating to hydrocarbon recuperation. The Carmópolis Member is characterized by a predominance of conglomerates and lithoarenites with medium and thick granulometry (West Area) and also fine and very fine (East Area). These rocks were deposited under semi-arid conditions, in the transitional phase of the Brazilian continental coast evolution. Dolomitic cementation had an important role in the quality of these reservoirs principally due to supporting the framework. Normally, the porosity is reduced by the compacting and deformity of lithic fragments from a pseudomatrix. Due to the diagentic evolution observed in the studied area, three types of dolomotic cement were found. Type I (microcrystalline romboedric dolomite, intergranular, eogenetic) is free of iron. The Type II dolomite, with iron oxide (“dirty look”), is characterized by it mosaic form (anedric). In the mesodiagenetic phase, Type III is characterized, identified by romboedros with zoning between dolomite, iron dolomite, and anquerite, since there are more iron ions in the environment. In relation to the values δ18O e δ13C, it was observed that for the West Area, considering the predominance of meteoric water influence, the values 54.9oC to 70.0oC can be calculated for dolomite precipitation (Types I and II). This temperature interval is associated to the cemented arenites close to the surface. For the samples from the East Area, marine fluid action is proposed, and in this case, the precipitation temperature range varied from 78.8oC to 102.8oC. This temperature interval would correspond to the post-compact precipitation cements associated to greater depths.

abstract: Manufacture of building materials requires significant energy, and as demand for these materials continues to increase, the energy requirement will as well. Offsetting this energy use will require increased focus on sustainable building materials. Further, the energy used in building, particularly in heating and air conditioning, accounts for 40 percent of a buildings energy use. Increasing the efficiency of building materials will reduce energy usage over the life time of the building. Current methods for maintaining the interior environment can be highly inefficient depending on the building materials selected. Materials such as concrete have low thermal efficiency and have a low heat capacity meaning it provides little insulation. Use of phase change materials (PCM) provides the opportunity to increase environmental efficiency of buildings by using the inherent latent heat storage as well as the increased heat capacity. Incorporating PCM into concrete via lightweight aggregates (LWA) by direct addition is seen as a viable option for increasing the thermal storage capabilities of concrete, thereby increasing building energy efficiency. As PCM change phase from solid to liquid, heat is absorbed from the surroundings, decreasing the demand on the air conditioning systems on a hot day or vice versa on a cold day. Further these materials provide an additional insulating capacity above the value of plain concrete. When the temperature drops outside the PCM turns back into a solid and releases the energy stored from the day. PCM is a hydrophobic material and causes reductions in compressive strength when incorporated directly into concrete, as shown in previous studies. A proposed method for mitigating this detrimental effect, while still incorporating PCM into concrete is to encapsulate the PCM in aggregate. This technique would, in theory, allow for the use of phase change materials directly in concrete, increasing the thermal efficiency of buildings, while negating the negative effect on compressive strength of the material. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Civil Engineering 2013

abstract: The main objective of this study is to investigate drying properties and plastic shrinkage cracking resistance of fresh cement-based pastes reinforced with fibers and textiles. Naturally occurring mineral wollastonite has been studied independently as well as in combination with AR-glass textile. A series of blended mixes with Portland cement and wollastonite nano-fibers were developed and tested under low vacuum conditions to simulate severe evaporation conditions and expedite the drying process causing plastic shrinkage cracks. Cumulative moisture loss, evaporation rates, and diffusivity were analyzed by means of a 2-stage diffusion simulation approach, developed previously in Arizona State University. Effect of fiber-matrix interaction on the transport properties of the composite were evaluated using the existing approach. Morphology of the cracked surface was investigated by the means of image analysis wherein length, width, area and density of the cracks were computed to help characterize the contribution of fiber and textile in the cracking phenomenon. Additionally, correlation between cumulative moisture loss and crack propagation was attempted. The testing procedures and associated analytical methods were applied to evaluate effectiveness of four wollastonite fiber sizes and also a hybrid reinforcement system with alkali-resistant glass (ARG) textile in improving shrinkage cracking related parameters. Furthermore, the experimental and analytical approach was extended to magnified version of the existing shrinkage testing set-up to study the size effect of these composites when subjected to matching drying conditions. Different restraining mechanisms were used to study the simulation of the cracking phenomena on a larger specimen. Paste and mortar formulations were developed to investigate size effect on shrinkage resistance of cementitious composites. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil Engineering 2014