ITC/USA 2006 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Second Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 23-26, 2006 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / This paper describes the design and successful development of an acoustic modem for potential use in underwater ecological sensor networks. The presentation includes theoretical study, design and development of both software and hardware, laboratory experiments, full-scale field tests, and the documentation and analysis of field-test results.

ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper presents the results of land-based SHF channel modeling experiments. Channel modeling data were collected at Edwards AFB, California at S-Band, X-Band and Ku-band. Frequency domain analysis techniques were used to evaluate candidate channel models. A graphical user interface (GUI) was developed to search for the optimum channel parameters. The model parameters corresponding to different frequencies were compared for multipath events captured at approximately the same locations. A general trend was observed where the magnitude of the first multipath reflection decreased as frequency increased and the delay remained relatively unchanged.

This body of work forms a detailed and comprehensive guide for those interested in performing broadband wireless channel measurements. Discussion addresses the theoretical and practical aspects of designing and implementing a sliding correlator channel sounder, as well as how such a system may be used to measure and model the ultra-wideband wireless channel. The specific contributions of this work are as follows: Developed a systematic methodology for designing optimal sliding correlator-based channel sounders. Constructed a UWB channel sounder based upon a 17-bit LFSR that attained 1.66 ns of temporal resolution and 34 dB of dynamic range. Performed an exemplary measurement campaign of the UWB channel from which UWB angular spreads and RMS delay spreads are reported. The design procedure developed in Chapter 3 will allow researchers to build optimal channel sounders for investigating next-generation wireless channels. Chapter 4 s discussion addresses the real-world challenges of constructing a high performance sliding correlator channel sounder. Finally, the measurement campaign discussed in Chapter 5 outlines a procedure for investigating the spatio-temporal characteristics of the wireless channel and provides some of the first examples of UWB angular spread measurements.

Millimeter wave (mm-Wave) systems have become very attractive recently as lower frequency spectrums used for mobile device communications have been experiencing a “spectral crunch” due to the dissemination of smartphones. Channel characterization of the outdoor urban environment, where networks for mobile devices require the highest data capacity, has been quite scarce and even non-existent for cellular (rooftop to ground) setting measurements. Our project characterizes the urban environment at 38 GHz in a cellular setting and 38 and 60 GHz in a peer-to-peer setting. A sliding correlator channel sounder with an 800 MHz RF bandwidth at 38 GHz and 1.5 GHz RF bandwidth at 60 GHz was constructed to measure the channel using a bandwidth that is larger than the expected bandwidths of future mm-Wave channels. Directional antennas were utilized during the measurements to imitate mm-Wave systems using beam steering antenna arrays, which also allowed for AOA characterization. Path loss and RMS delay spread statistics are provided. Finally, an outage study was performed to test the outage likelihood in an urban environment with many multi-story buildings. / text

ITC/USA 2013 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Ninth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 21-24, 2013 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV / Systems using single carrier modulations for flight test transmissions perfectly fit noisy and time selective channels. However, the densification of the airport environment now makes the aero channel also frequency selective due to multiple reflections on surrounding buildings, especially while taxiing and taking off. Obviously, this has a direct consequence on hardware resources and user data rates. In such a context, COFDM represents an appealing solution thanks to its inherent robustness to multipath fading channels. But a direct application of an off-the-shelf COFDM standard is not straightforward as these standards are designed for specific channels whose characteristics are quite different from the aero one. That is why we made an experiment at Toulouse-Blagnac airport to jointly sound the channel and qualify a COFDM waveform. This paper then describes the construction of the waveform and the results of the channel sounding. From this, different standard paradigms are compared.

[pt] Este trabalho objetiva apresentar os resultados das medições e a análise da resposta do canal banda larga na faixa de frequências de 2.5 GHz em um ambiente urbano, através da técnica de sondagem de multiportadoras. Para isso, os perfis de retardo de potência desse canal foram obtidos com base nos dados medidos na região da Gávea na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, utilizando duas técnicas de limpeza de perfis de retardo. As técnicas de limpeza são apresentadas e seus resultados são comparados para a transmissão de um sinal de 20MHz de largura de banda. Os Retardos RMS (Root Mean Square) são calculados a partir desses Perfis de Retardo de Potências filtrados e o erro médio quadrático para cada técnica de limpeza é avaliado e comparado para algumas posições do receptor. / [en] This work presents the results of measurements and the analysis of the response of a wide band channel in the 2.5 GHz band for an urban environment, using the multicarrier sounding technique. To do this, the power delay profile (PDP) of the channel was obtained based on data measured at the neighborhood of Gávea, in the Rio de Janeiro, using two power delay profile filtering techniques. The power delay profile filtering techniques are presented and the results are compared for a transmitted signal of 20MHz bandwidth. The RMS (root mean square) delay spreads are determined from the filtered PDPs and from the original ones. The results are compared for some positions of the receiver and the quadratic mean error is evaluated.

Abstract The present dissertation deals with the evaluation of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radio channel characteristics from time-division multiplexing (TDM)-switched MIMO channel sounding. The research can be divided into three main areas. First, the impacts of phase noise in TDM-switched MIMO channel sounding on channel capacity are studied. Second, we focus on those impacts on channel parameter estimation using the SAGE algorithm. And in the last part, spatial correlation, channel eigenvalue distribution, and ergodic capacity in realistic environments are analyzed. The rationale behind the first two areas is that most advanced MIMO radio channel sounders employ the TDM technique, which has significant problems from phase noise of the TX and RX phase locked loop (PLL) oscillators causing measurement errors in terms of estimated channel capacity and parameters. We propose statistical models that reproduce the capacity estimates. The effects of the sounding mode (SM), the length of pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence L of the sounding signal, and the system size are disclosed. The distinctive basis is to consider the impact of the actual phase noise in TDM switched MIMO channel sounding, instead of assuming white Gaussian-type phase noise. In a reality, the short-term phase noise component affecting one measurement cycle of a MIMO system plays an important role in the traditional estimators of the radio channel parameters and capacity. We show that the performance impairment is less than that been under the hypothesis of uncorrelated white Gaussian phase-noises samples. The difference is due to the non-vanishing correlation of phase-noise within the measurement cycle. Two approaches to mitigating the impact of phase noise are proposed. The former is the simple and efficient sliding averaging method, where the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the channel impulse response can be increased. The latter is the choice of SM and L, which is more thorough. In the second part, two approaches to mitigating its impact on channel parameter estimation using the SAGE algorithm are also discussed. Besides the sliding averaging, which in general can increase the SNR, the new SAGE algorithm based channel parameter estimation based on the improved signal model accounting for the phase noise in the measurement device is proposed. Finally, the channel eigenvalue distribution and ergodic capacity based on complex hypergeometric functions and their asymptotic characteristics are analyzed. It is shown that the derived theoretical expressions closely approximate the simulated results of the measured finite-dimensional MIMO channels. The spatial correlation and the eigenvalue statistics in frequency selective channels for single and dual polarized antennas are investigated. This knowledge is useful when different MIMO and beamforming techniques are applied.

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Cette thèse résume trois années de travail dans le domaine de la caractérisation large bande du canal radio pour des applications projectiles. L’instrumentation des projectiles évolue avec la miniaturisation de l’électronique et l’accroissement constant de ses performances. L’échange de données par liaison sans fil bi-directionnelle entre le projectile et lastation de base doit s’effectuer aussi efficacement que possible. Afin de répondre à cette exigence, il est fondamental d’optimiser chaque élément de la chaîne de communication. Le canal, qui est le support où la propagation des ondes radio prend place, est l’un des éléments à modéliser.Dans le but de caractériser le canal radio pour ces applications, cette thèse a été structurée en cinq chapitres: dans les premier et deuxième chapitres, le contexte général de la thèse est présenté, introduisant le cadre de la thèse et donnant les éléments nécessaires pour comprendre le reste du manuscrit. Au chapitre trois, nous abordons le problème du développement des briques nécessaires pour caractériser le canal de propagation. Une des contributions de cette thèse est la définition d’un ensemble de procédures pour effectuer une modélisation de canal. Au chapitre quatre et cinq, nous présentons nos résultats. Alors qu’au chapitre quatre une étude préliminaire du canal est effectuée, une caractérisation complète est donnée au chapitre cinq. Les chapitres se terminent par la présentation d’un modèle de canal dédié aux simulations de communications numériques afin d’améliorer la liaison avec le projectile. Dans une dernière étape, les conclusions et les questions ouvertes sont détaillées. / This thesis summarizes three years of work in the field of wideband characterization of the radio channel in projectile applications. The popularization of the miniaturized electronics has allowed the instrumentation of projectiles. The information gathered by the onboard sensors needs to be sent from the projectile to the base station as efficiently as possible by means of bi-directional communication links. In order to fulfill this requirement, it is fundamental to optimize every element in the communication chain. The channel, which is the medium where the radio wave propagation takes places, is one of the elements to be modeled. With the purpose of characterizing the radio channel in projectile applications, this thesis has been structured in five chapters: in chapter one and two, the general context of the thesis is presented, introducing the reader to this topic and giving the necessary elements to understand the rest of the manuscript. In chapter three, we address the problem of developing the necessary elements in order to characterize the propagation channel. The first contribution of this thesis is found here in the form of a set of procedures to perform channel modeling. In chapter four and five, we present our results. While chapter in chapter four a preliminary study of the channel is performed, in chapter five a complete characterization is given. The chapters ends with the presentation of the second contribution of this thesis, i.e.a channel model to be used in simulations in order to improve the projectile communication link. In a last stage, the conclusions and open questions are detailed.

Cette thèse a apporté une contribution au défi de la caractérisation des canaux radios en bandes millimétriques ainsi que la validation d'un outil de simulation déterministe à travers un grand nombre de campagnes de mesures réalisées dans divers scénarios représentatives. Des questions de recherche liées à la caractérisation des canaux radio en bandes millimétriques et sa prédiction à travers un outil de simulation déterministe ont été abordées. Fournir des résultats précis et reproductibles est nécessaire dans le développement d'un système de communication. Ce défi peut être relevé en réalisant des campagnes de mesures qui capturent la réalité du canal de propagation constituant le point de départ. Dans cette thèse, les principales motivations scientifiques derrière ces campagnes de mesures étaient d'étudier la variabilité dans le temps et l'effet de l'environnement sur le canal de propagation dans les bandes millimétriques. Les bandes de fréquences adressées dans cette thèse sont identifiées comme étant importantes par l'UIT en vue d'un futur déploiement de la 5G à savoir 15, 28, 32 et 83 GHz. Les environnements considérés sont une conférence room, bureau, bibliothèque et micro-cellulaire. Les campagnes de mesures ont été menées en utilisant un sondage de canal fréquentiel avec l'utilisation d'un analyseur de réseau. L'exploitation des résultats de mesures ont permis d'apporter des éléments de réponses concernant le canal de propagation dans ces bandes de fréquences. D'autre part, les données de mesures ont été utilisés pour évaluer les performances et contribuer à la calibration d’un simulateur de canal radio à tracé de rayons (RT) reposant sur une approche déterministe. Le simulateur de canal déterministe utilisé dans cette thèse incorpore les mécanismes de propagation tels que le LOS, la réflexion et la diffraction. Le RT a permis de prédire le canal de propagation dans les bandes millimétriques avec une concordance acceptable avec les données de mesures. Ces résultats démontrent que le canal de propagation en bandes millimétriques a pour avantage d'être prédit avec de simple outil déterministe. / This thesis has contributed to the challenge of the radio channel characterizations in millimeter wave bands as well as the validation of a deterministic simulation tool through a large number of measurement campaigns carried out in various representative scenarios. Research questions related to the characterization of radio channels in millimetric bands and its prediction through a deterministic simulation tool were discussed. Providing accurate and repeatable results is necessary for the development of a communication system. This challenge can be meet by conducting measurement campaigns that capture the reality of the propagation channel and therefore constituting the starting point. In this thesis, the main scientific motivations behind these measurement campaigns were to study the time variability and the effect of the scattering environment of the propagation channel in the millimetric bands. The frequency bands addressed in this thesis are identified as important by the ITU for a future deployment of 5G, namely 15, 28, 32 and 83 GHz. The environments considered are a conference room, office, library and microcellular. The measurement campaigns were conducted using a frequency channel sounding technique with the use of a vector network analyzer. The exploitation of the measurement data provided some answers about the radio chennel propagation in these frequency bands. On the other hand, the measurements data were used to evaluate the performance and to contribute to the calibration of the ray-tracing tool (RT) based on a deterministic approach. The RT used in this thesis incorporates propagation mechanisms such as LOS, reflection and diffraction. The RT predicted the propagation channel in the millimeter bands with an acceptable level of agreement with respect to the measurement data. These results demonstrate that the propagation channel in millimetric bands has the advantage of being predicted with a simple deterministic tool.