Language practitioners the world over have been struggling for professional recognition for many years. In many instances the emphasis has been on establishing measures like legislation to regulate the industry. However, many institutions have also realised that external regulation such as legislation is not enough and that language practitioners in general and text editors specifically needed an internal regulating mechanism. This mechanism was not just something internal to the industry but was more personal, and therefore internal to practitioners themselves. In this regard a properly designed code of ethics was regarded as an indispensable means of setting out to text editors what may be regarded as proper conduct in carrying out their work. No code of ethics for text editors in South Africa exists and text editors who are members of the South African Translators' Association (SATI) subscribe to the code for translators. This is an undesirable state of affairs as it is important for practitioners to feel that a code is specific to them and "belongs" to them in order for them to subscribe to it. More than that, because a code is part of an internal value system it is important for practitioners to internalise such a code for it to be effective. This study, aimed at the design of a code of ethics for text editors, therefore strove to achieve two aims. The first aim was to design a code of ethics for text editors with reference to existing codes in other related fields, gleaning common elements from them. The second aim was to involve a selection of practising text editors in the refinement of the draft code in order to finalise it, thus ensuring that the code would be acceptable to the people most affected by it. The result of the project was the establishment of a code that was acceptable to all the practitioners involved up to the conclusion of the project. This code will be of value in filling the vacuum in this branch of language practice where no ethical guidelines existed before. / Language practitioners the world over have been struggling for professional recognition for many years. In many instances the emphasis has been on establishing measures like legislation to regulate the industry. However, many institutions have also realised that external regulation such as legislation is not enough and that language practitioners in general and text editors specifically needed an internal regulating mechanism. This mechanism was not just something internal to the industry but was more personal, and therefore internal to practitioners themselves. In this regard a properly designed code of ethics was regarded as an indispensable means of setting out to text editors what may be regarded as proper conduct in carrying out their work. No code of ethics for text editors in South Africa exists and text editors who are members of the South African Translators' Association (SATI) subscribe to the code for translators. This is an undesirable state of affairs as it is important for practitioners to feel that a code is specific to them and "belongs" to them in order for them to subscribe to it. More than that, because a code is part of an internal value system it is important for practitioners to internalise such a code for it to be effective. This study, aimed at the design of a code of ethics for text editors, therefore strove to achieve two aims. The first aim was to design a code of ethics for text editors with reference to existing codes in other related fields, gleaning common elements from them. The second aim was to involve a selection of practising text editors in the refinement of the draft code in order to finalise it, thus ensuring that the code would be acceptable to the people most affected by it. The result of the project was the establishment of a code that was acceptable to all the practitioners involved up to the conclusion of the project. This code will be of value in filling the vacuum in this branch of language practice where no ethical guidelines existed before. / Thesis (M.A. (Applied Language and Literary Studies))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001.

Language practitioners the world over have been struggling for professional recognition for many years. In many instances the emphasis has been on establishing measures like legislation to regulate the industry. However, many institutions have also realised that external regulation such as legislation is not enough and that language practitioners in general and text editors specifically needed an internal regulating mechanism. This mechanism was not just something internal to the industry but was more personal, and therefore internal to practitioners themselves. In this regard a properly designed code of ethics was regarded as an indispensable means of setting out to text editors what may be regarded as proper conduct in carrying out their work. No code of ethics for text editors in South Africa exists and text editors who are members of the South African Translators' Association (SATI) subscribe to the code for translators. This is an undesirable state of affairs as it is important for practitioners to feel that a code is specific to them and "belongs" to them in order for them to subscribe to it. More than that, because a code is part of an internal value system it is important for practitioners to internalise such a code for it to be effective. This study, aimed at the design of a code of ethics for text editors, therefore strove to achieve two aims. The first aim was to design a code of ethics for text editors with reference to existing codes in other related fields, gleaning common elements from them. The second aim was to involve a selection of practising text editors in the refinement of the draft code in order to finalise it, thus ensuring that the code would be acceptable to the people most affected by it. The result of the project was the establishment of a code that was acceptable to all the practitioners involved up to the conclusion of the project. This code will be of value in filling the vacuum in this branch of language practice where no ethical guidelines existed before. / Language practitioners the world over have been struggling for professional recognition for many years. In many instances the emphasis has been on establishing measures like legislation to regulate the industry. However, many institutions have also realised that external regulation such as legislation is not enough and that language practitioners in general and text editors specifically needed an internal regulating mechanism. This mechanism was not just something internal to the industry but was more personal, and therefore internal to practitioners themselves. In this regard a properly designed code of ethics was regarded as an indispensable means of setting out to text editors what may be regarded as proper conduct in carrying out their work. No code of ethics for text editors in South Africa exists and text editors who are members of the South African Translators' Association (SATI) subscribe to the code for translators. This is an undesirable state of affairs as it is important for practitioners to feel that a code is specific to them and "belongs" to them in order for them to subscribe to it. More than that, because a code is part of an internal value system it is important for practitioners to internalise such a code for it to be effective. This study, aimed at the design of a code of ethics for text editors, therefore strove to achieve two aims. The first aim was to design a code of ethics for text editors with reference to existing codes in other related fields, gleaning common elements from them. The second aim was to involve a selection of practising text editors in the refinement of the draft code in order to finalise it, thus ensuring that the code would be acceptable to the people most affected by it. The result of the project was the establishment of a code that was acceptable to all the practitioners involved up to the conclusion of the project. This code will be of value in filling the vacuum in this branch of language practice where no ethical guidelines existed before. / Thesis (M.A. (Applied Language and Literary Studies))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001.

Corporate codes of ethics (CCEs) have become increasingly prevalent as overarching ethical guidelines for multinational corporations doing business around the globe. As formal documents, governing corporations’ work, policies, and ways of doing business, CCEs are meant to guide all business activities and apply to all of the corporation’s employees, suppliers, and business partners. In multinational corporations, this means that diverse countries, cultures, and a myriad of heterogeneous actors are expected to abide by the same standards and guidelines, as stipulated in the CCE. Despite this empirical reality, CCEs have previously been approached by academics mainly as passive company documents or as marketing or management tools, in the contexts of their country of origin. Building on Actor-Network Theory this thesis applies an interactionist ontology, and relational epistemology, seeing the code as a sociomaterial object with both material and immaterial characteristics, and moving in a global arena. Furthermore, the CCEs are assumed to be susceptible to change, i.e. translations. With these assumptions, the CCE of a multinational corporation is followed as it travels between its country of origin (Sweden) and another country (China) and goes to work in different contexts. Heterogeneous empirical materials such as interviews, company documents, observations, shadowing, and emails are used to present stories from different contexts where the CCE is at work. The overall purpose of the thesis is to contribute to the theorizing of CCEs, thereby providing further understanding of the possible consequences of CCEs in contextually diverse settings. By following traces of a CCE, this study posits the need for a simultaneous understanding of three dimensions of CCEs for CCEs to be understood in contextually dispersed settings. The three dimensions are a) material translations of the code, b) enactments of these translations, and c) ideas associated with the material and enacted code.  The study contributes to the understanding of CCEs by highlighting a specific country-context (China), by putting together knowledge from codes in various contexts, and the overarching contribution lies in highlighting codes as different kinds of objects and adding to the existing literature – specifically, contextualizing the CCE as a vaporous object.

Magister Theologiae - MTh / South Africa has progressed towards the realisation of an expressive culture of disclosure. Significant implementation and enforcement of the Protected Disclosures Act (26 of 2000 – hereafter referred to as “the Act” or “the PDA”) of South Africa has assisted to enforce the practices and protections provided in terms of the enabling laws and a societal culture which is receptive to and respectful of whistle blowers. This thesis seeks to make a contribution to the discourse on whistle blowing and the PDA from an ethical perspective, by means of using ethical concepts and analysing and discussing ethical dilemmas to provide a greater understanding of the real cases of whistle blowing that has occurred. Various aspects of whistle blowing are defined and reviewed with reference to Hans Jonas’s theory of an ethics of responsibility. One such aspect is the idea of collective responsibility as understood by Hans Jonas. Hans Jonas describes responsibility; in terms of the future responsibility present individuals have as a collective in order to ensure that the future human being are able to actively engage in the world with the same familiarities as is experienced today. This thesis will investigate, more specifically, the contribution made by Hans Jonas’s theory of responsibility in understanding the PDA in terms of an ethics of responsibility. The research question is posed and attempts to discuss and analyse whether Hans Jonas’s theory of an ethics of responsibility may help to identify, analyse and assess ethical issues embedded in the Protected Disclosures Act 26 of 2000.

Software development is notorious for failure, typically defined as over budget, late delivery and/or poor quality of new information systems (IS) on project completion. The consequences of such failure can be enormous, particularly financially. As such, there is consensus by practitioners and academics alike that this practice is unacceptable. Yet with a variety of accepted development methods and tools available for use by software developers and project managers, there is still no significant reduction in the size or frequency of failure reported. In an attempt to understand the conflicts which arise in the development environment in which developers and project managers must operate, the research area is the role and value of ethics in the development of managed software projects. A definition of ethics in this context was provided by the IEEE/ACM Code of Ethics. Research was additionally conducted to understand how other professions and business areas define and enforce ethics in their respective working environments. These were (UK) Law, Finance, Retail and, law practice in the European Union. Interpretive research was then conducted to enable software development practices to be understood from the view of developers and project managers in industry. Unethical practices were then identified in a large IT company based in west London via a single, six month in-depth case study, with the data collected analysed via a series of repertory grids. Analysis and triangulation of the data collected via interviews, document analysis and observations led to an improved understanding of the causes of the unethical practices found. Conclusions and recommendations are then provided relating to implications for (a) the company participating in the research, (b) the application of the IEEE/ACM Code in industry (c) theory for ethicists.

Objectives: To identify personal values that are consistent with participant’s respective profession’s code of ethics. To compare and contrast personal values with those of other team members. To create an interprofessional team code of ethics.

Practice and knowledge of upper‐level human nutrition and dietetics students (juniors and seniors, n=96) attending a midwestern university were compared to their comprehension and application of the Scope of Dietetics Practice. The sample consisted of 96 students, primarily (72%) in the 21 – 23 age category; females made up 83% and males comprised the remaining 17% of the sample. In this sample, 70% of the participants reported dietetics as their current major, and 30% stated that their major was human nutrition. Overall, students majoring in human nutrition responded neutrally to the questions concerning comprehension, knowledge, and implementation of the Scope of Dietetics Practice, while participants majoring in dietetics reported better knowledge, comprehension, and implementation of the Scope of Dietetics Practice. However, students majoring in human nutrition reported increased use of nutrition information to diagnose others than were students studying dietetics. In general, participants responded to questions regarding their practice and application of nutrition knowledge to themselves and others as would be expected, though there were differences between the students studying human nutrition and those studying dietetics.

Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Att ta ett hållbarhetsansvar blir allt viktigare för företag. Dagens konsumenter blir allt mer medvetna om den negativa påverkan deras konsumtion ger upphov till. Därmed ställs högre krav på företagen att ta ansvar genom hela försörjningskedjan. Ett verktyg för detta är Code of Conduct. Apoteken verkar inom läkemedelsbranschen, en bransch som karaktäriseras av komplexa försörjningskedjor. Då antalet apoteksaktörer sedan omregleringen år 2009 har ökat, ställer vi oss därmed frågan hur svenska apoteks arbete med Code of Conduct riktat mot leverantörer skiljer sig åt.    Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa Code of Conduct mot leverantören ur ett företagsperspektiv. Fokus kommer ligga på att analysera de tre utvalda apotekens arbete med Code of Conduct, gentemot den teoretiska referensramen samt apoteken sinsemellan. Innehållsmässiga skillnader i deras skriftliga Code of Conduct, drivkrafter och hur de arbetar med efterlevnad, är utvalda områden som kommer att studeras. Metod: Studien är en flerfallsstudie av kvalitativ art som antar ett positivistiskt synsätt. Forskningsansatsen är deduktiv med en teoretisk referensram som utgångspunkt till det empiriska materialet. Vidare har det empiriska materialet analyserat med hjälp av mönsterjämförelse. Slutsats: Studien har identifierat att det finns stora likheter i hur de tre utvalda apoteken arbetar med Code of Conduct. Innehållsmässigt är apotekens Code of Conduct i grunden relativt lika, men skiljer sig åt i detaljrikedom. Vad gäller drivkrafterna bakom varför apoteken arbetar med Code of Conduct, är det svårt att identifiera en gemensam anledning. Slutligen har identifierats att samtliga tre apotek arbetar snarlikt med efterlevnad, där de vanligaste tillvägagångssätten är audits och dokumentation.

A classe contábil necessita manter elevados padrões éticos junto à sociedade, como pré-requisito essencial para a sua própria sobrevivência. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as percepções do contabilista a respeito do seu Código de Ética Profissional (CEPC), por meio de uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva e com a adoção do método quantitativo no tratamento dos dados. A amostra foi constituída por 2262 contadores e técnicos em contabilidade com registro ativo em Conselho Regional de Contabilidade, nos Estados do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que, embora cerca de 73% dos profissionais concordem totalmente com a afirmação de que esse Código é importante como guia de conduta profissional, apenas 44% se predispõem a cumprir totalmente as normas estabelecidas pelo Conselho Federal de Contabilidade. A partir da regressão logística multivariada, constata-se que aqueles profissionais que concordaram totalmente que já leram o Código apresentaram 2,82 mais chances de cumprirem as determinações do Código do que os que discordaram totalmente dessa afirmação. Os profissionais que concordaram totalmente com a afirmação de que o CEPC ajuda-os a reduzir suas dúvidas apresentam 3,65 mais chances de cumprir o referido Código do que os que discordaram totalmente dessa afirmação. Em decorrência, a percepção do contabilista a respeito da importância dada ao CEPC como guia de conduta influencia a sua predisposição de cumprir o Código. Os resultados também sugerem que: a) a gravidade da infração ética é positivamente associada à percepção que o profissional tem sobre a sanção a ser aplicada ao infrator desse Código, embora exista um baixo coeficiente de correlação entre ambas; b) a avaliação teleológica, que contém situações atenuantes e agravantes não contidas no Código de Ética, pode influenciar o profissional em seu processo de tomada de decisão ética. / Brazilian accountants need to uphold high ethical standards in their service to society as this counts as an essential prerequisite for their survival. In this context, the objective of this study is to learn what perceptions of the Code of Ethics (CEPC) are held by these professionals. This is done by conducting descriptive research and adopting a quantitative method for analysis of data. The sample considered consists of 2,262 accountants and accountant technicians certified and chartered by the Regional Council of Accounting in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul. The results obtained show that approximately 73% of professionals polled totally agree with the statement claiming that the Code is important as a guide of conduct; however, only 44% are willing to comply with the guidelines established by the Federal Council of Accounting. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that professionals who totally agreed to having read the Code are 2,82 times more likely to abide by its norms than those who totally disagreed with said statement. Professionals who totally agreed with the statement claiming that the CEPC helps them reduce their doubts are 3,65 times more likely to abide by the Code than those who totally disagreed with said statement. Consequently, an accountant’s perception of the importance of CEPC as a guide of conduct influences his/her predisposition to abide by it. The results suggest that: a) the gravity of an ethical infraction is positively associated with a professional’s perception of the Code sanction to be inflicted upon him/her, although there exists a small correlation coefficient between both; b) teleological evaluation, which contains mitigating or aggravating situations not included in the Code of Ethics, may influence a professional in his/her ethical decision-making process. The results do not provide enough evidence of the influence of individual factors on an accountant’s ethical decision-making process.

O grande impacto dos escândalos que afetam organizações das mais diversas áreas, inclusive as públicas, tem difundido um interesse generalizado em comportamentos éticos e antiéticos. A administração ideal baseia-se em um modelo de gestão, cujo processo utiliza mecanismos que assegurem sua eficiência e eficácia e, conseqüentemente, propiciem a redução de conflitos dentro da organização. A observância de um código de ética profissional favorece essa redução de conflitos, pois seu objetivo central é a formação da consciência sobre padrões de conduta. Nesse contexto, os servidores públicos devem constituir e observar determinadas regras de conduta que norteiam seu exercício profissional, pois a consciência dos princípios morais, seja no exercício do cargo ou função, ou fora dele, refletirá no exercício vocacional do poder do estado. Seus atos, comportamentos e atitudes deverão preservar a honra e a tradição do Funcionalismo Público diante da sociedade. Entretanto, a efetividade do cumprimento de um Código de Ética não se baseia nas leis administrativas e nem com estas se confunde, mas se apóia no sentimento de adesão moral e de convicção íntima de cada servidor público. Diante dos desafios encontrados na gestão de organizações públicas e de sua importância para a sociedade em geral, o objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar os fatores que influenciam a percepção dos servidores públicos civis municipais quanto ao valor do Código de Ética Profissional da Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro como auxiliar na solução de dilemas éticos. A amostra foi constituída por 90 (noventa) servidores lotados na Controladoria Geral do Município (CGM). A metodologia utilizada para a análise exploratória e confirmatória dos dados, necessitou de técnicas de análise fatorial na redução de dados e regressão linear múltipla para testar as cinco hipóteses oriundas do problema de pesquisa. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a percepção dos servidores sobre os valores morais professados no Código de Ética e o conhecimento deles sobre o Código influenciam a percepção sobre o seu valor como auxiliar na resolução de dilemas éticos. Os resultados também sugerem que o servidor municipal percebe, em um nível baixo, o compromisso da Administração com o código. / The major impact of the scandals that affect organizations in several areas, including the public, has been promoting widespread interest in ethical and unethical behavior. The ideal Administration is based on a model of management, that uses mechanisms to ensure its efficiency and effectiveness and, consequently, provide a reduction of conflicts within the organization. The observance of a professional code of ethics favors the reduction of conflicts, as their central goal is the formation of consciousness about standards of conduct. In this context, civil servants must establish and observ certain rules of conduct that guide their professional practice, as the awareness of moral principles, whether in the exercise of public office or function or outside, will reflect in the exercise of the vocation of the State. Their actions, behaviors and attitudes must preserve the honor and tradition of the civil service in the face of society. However, the effectiveness of compliance with a code of ethics is not based on administrative laws and not be confused with these, but is based on the moral sense of adhesion and intimate conviction of each civil servant. In the face of the challenges encountered in the management of public organizations and their importance to society in general, the goal of this research is to examine the factors that influence the perception of civil municipal public servants on the value of the Professional Code of Ethics of the City of Rio de Janeiro as an aid in resolving ethical dilemmas. The sample consisted of 90 (ninety) civil servants blended in the City General Controller (CGC). The methodology for the analysis of exploratory and confirmatory data, needed factor analysis techniques to reduce data and multiple linear regression to test the five hypothesis from the research problem. The results showed that the perception of moral values professed by the civil servants in the Code of Ethics and their knowledge of the Code influence the perception of its value as an aid in the resolution of ethical dilemmas. The results also suggest that civil servant observe a low commitment of the Administration with the Code.