The diploma thesis is dealing with possible approaches to control distributed energy resources and storage systems. One of these approaches is a virtual power plant and its concept is described in the first part of the thesis. The virtual power plant is a controlled system of distributed energy resources, storage systems and controllable loads interconnected via communication network, that can act as a conventional power plant. The theoretical part contains a survey of control system's topologies, a brief summary of available communication infrastructures and standards. The second part of the thesis is focused on the description of operation and control of hybrid system that represents an inseparable component of virtual power plant. A Matlab Simulink model was created for this purpose. A simulation of hybrid inverter's step response is realised to test the operation of the hybrid system and it is compared with the real measurements in the laboratory. A comparison of control approaches of hybrid system implemented on the basis of measurements is also included in this thesis and was published in the scientific paper attached in the appendix.

The thesis is focused on the research and development of a new hybrid one-wire bus with special use enabling microelectronic integration. The bus, its physical layer and protocol have been developed based on applied research to meet the complex requirements of a new application group. These requirements are especially laid on the bus robustness and its immunity to interference and to work under real operating conditions. Part of the thesis is a description of existing solutions of one-wire buses, definition of current solutions and setting of goals for research of the new bus. Further are made the design of protocol and operating parameters of the bus operating in low power and power mode. In conclusion, the thesis deals with the practical verification of the proposed solution and there is also suggested a perspective of follow-up research in this area.

This diploma project summarizes a theoretical introduction regarding the issue of traffic light control. Further there is industrial communication discussed, where they are the Ethernet / IP protocol and the Modbus TCP protocol described more in detail. The following is the description of the Logix series programmable controllers. Then the diploma follows up with market research in order to find the most suitable development kit which is used as a trial prototype. Then it is concerned with a development kit with a communication module from AND-TECH company. Software was developed on them, more specifically a library for processor ports, memory and the Modbus TCP protocol. After verifying the functionality of the software, the hardware design was started. From the first site it is development kit and module and from the second site there are input and output circuits. There must be the assessment of the results found during the test operation. The end of the document describes incorrect steps that were repaired in hardware.

The paper introduces briefly topics of retinal detachment, vitrectomy and applicable postoperative care. A system for increasing patient comfort is described, which continuously records and signalizes head tilt. The software part of aforementioned system is implemented, using C++ Builder programming environment and helper libraries supplied by system's hardware component vendors. This software application allows user to analyze recorded data and manage the system. Application's user interface and usage is described in detail, as well as implementation details concerning internal functions and organization.

This thesis is dedicated to the automation of tests of the thermostats developed by the company Honeywell. The first chapter presents a problem of self-testing of thermostats, followed by a discussion of possible approaches to solutions. Attention is paid to testing the functionality of the HMI of thermostats, especially to the part of the system, that deals with activation of touchscteen, but no other part of the problem are omitted in the text. Discussions of the problematic passes into the design and implementation of specific design solutions. The selected design of 3D-router, which moves in three orthogonal coordinates and resembles to a coordinate drill for example. First, it describes the basic concepts of mechanic and electronic part of equipment, and subsequently is designed and implemented control electronics for mechanical activator HMI. Each of the electronics components are described in detail and values of parts are based on the calculation with the exception of finished parts. The proposal of the electronics follows the possibility of maximization of universality module for applications in similar applications. The functionality of the electronics is controlled by a microprocessor with a custom program that is described in the work. Source code of some the programs is not available because it is know-how of the company. Next part of the thesis deals with optimization of the moving of axes, optimization is done empirically by measuring. An important issue is compliance with the accuracy required position, also part of the work is devoted to the issue of calibration position. Finally is solved the continuity on the superior system. It is designed and implemented the upper layer of the communication protocol used in the company. Work is the solution of specific corporate award thesis. Although it is a very specific role of the works are generally applicable for other applications. In particular, the proposed electronic represents relatively universal controller for stepper motor control.

The analysis for the extension of the control system and proposal of controlling program for surveillance cameras and related theoretical analysis necessary for understanding problems. Proposal communication protocol to access all functions via TCP/IP communication. Subsequent protocol implementation into control program and a programmable controller. Programming application with a user interface for camera control and basic image processing. The program also represents the server for TCP/IP communication with clients over the proposed protocol. The proposed application has to fulfill high pretensions of data streaming from cameras. Extension of the existing control system of the telescope, dome and other systems. The addition of analog measurement and control of digital inputs and outputs. Furthermore, control of stepper motors to control focusers. The embedded communication protocol will be expanded of the new instruction.

In the midst of the green energy transition, the need for flexible grid solutions is growing. One of the most desired and suitable flexible solutions are Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), in both stationary and mobile applications. The faster response times and flexible service capability of the BESS enables the introduction of variable renewable energy sources, along with replacing the needs for traditionally fossil fuel-powered temporary applications. To take full advantage of BESS and its flexibility, the unit requires integration into the modern interconnected smart grid, where control and monitoring are of great importance to manage and optimize assets within the smart grid. To ease the control and monitoring aspects, both manufacturers and users must cooperate to understand the common needs and best practices to find a suitable middle ground. Therefore, an interoperable and readily used communication interface shall be agreed upon. Although several attempts at reaching such middle ground have been made over the years, few have gained traction outside of specific use cases. Thus leaving many redundant and complicated proprietary communication solutions, requiring heavy integration work for the manufacturer and user side. This thesis project, carried out at Northvolt Systems, aims to analyze the existing and readily used communication interfaces for a specific set of mobile BESS applications. The analysis is performed by a literature review of typical mobile BESS applications with the identified corresponding communication interfaces. Among the identified interfaces is the IEC 61850 standard, which shows suitability in smart grid applications, enabling interoperability, vendor-independence, and standardization. To provide a real-life analysis of the IEC 61850 benefits and applicability to mobile BESS, an integration of the standard to a Northvolt mobile BESS was performed. The results of the analysis and integration work show that the interoperability, vendor-independence, and standardization enabled from the IEC 61850 standard give large benefits for mobile BESS use cases. Furthermore, gaps in the suitability of the standard were identified. Providing clear suggestions on future work and expansion of the standard to better accommodate the mobile use cases. / I den gröna energiomställningen växer behovet av flexibla nätlösningar. En av de mest önskade och lämpliga flexibla lösningarna är användningen av Batterienergilagring (BESS), i både stationära och mobila applikationer. Genom de snabbare svarstiderna och flexibla användningsförmågarna möjliggör BESS integreringen av variabla förnybara energikällor i kraftsystemet, även genom att ersätta behoven för traditionellt fossilbränsledrivna tillfälliga applikationer. För att dra full nytta av en BESS och dess flexibilitet kräver enheten interaktioner i det moderna sammankopplade smarta nätet. Där kontroll och övervakning är av stor vikt för att hantera och optimera tillgångarna inom det smarta nätet. För att underlätta kontroll- och övervakningsaspekterna måste både tillverkare och användare av BESS samarbeta för att förstå de gemensamma behoven och användningarna för att hitta en lämplig mellanväg. Slutligen för att komma överens om ett driftskompatibelt och lättanvänt kommunikationsgränssnitt. Flertalet försök att nå sådana kompromisser har gjorts genom åren, men ytterst få har slagit igenom utanför dess specifika användningsfall. Därmed finns det många redundanta och komplicerade proprietära kommunikationsgränssnitt som kräver tungt integrationsarbete av både tillverkar- och användarsidan. Detta examensarbete, utfört hos Northvolt Systems, ämnar att analysera de befintliga och använda kommunikationsgränssnitten för mobila BESS-applikationer. Analysen utförs av en litteraturgenomgång av typiska mobila BESS-applikationer för att identifiera motsvarande kommunikationsgränssnitt. Bland de identifierade gränssnitten finns IEC 61850-standarden, som visar lämplighet i smarta nätapplikationer, vilket möjliggör interoperabilitet, leverantörsoberoende och standardisering. För att ge en verklig analys av IEC 61850-fördelarna och tillämplighet hos en mobil BESS utfördes en integration av standarden till ett av Northvolts mobila BESS. Resultatet av analys- och integrationsarbetet visar att IEC 61850-standarden möjliggör interoperabilitet, leverantörsoberoende och standardisering, vilket ger stora fördelar för de mobila BESS-användningsfallen. Vidare identifierades brister i standardens lämplighet. Därtill ges tydliga förslag på framtida arbete och utvidgning av standarden för att tillgodose de mobila användningsfallens kravställningar.

Lågströmskommunikationsprotokoll såsom 6LoWPAN har använts i stor utsträckning för applikationer som kräver mindre energiförbrukning för trådlös kommunikation på korta avstånd, exempelvis IoT-enheter. Eftersom antalet sådana enheter ökar blir det allt viktigare att överväga ambient energy harvesting som en energikälla för att driva sådana enheter. Det framkallar ett behov av att ompröva designen av ett energieffektivt kommunikationsprotokoll som gör det möjligt för sensorer och aktuatorer att använda den utvunna energin för beräkning och kommunikation. Eftersom den utvunna energin från en energikälla är begränsad och det tar tid för en enhet att samla tillräckligt med energi för datahantering och kommunikation, finns det ett behov av att undersöka energibudgeten och bestämma de kritiska parametrarna som påverkar energiförbrukningen för trådlös kommunikation. En analys av energiförbrukningen utfördes genom att anpassa en Python-modell och simuleringar genomfördes för att hjälpa till att förstå påverkan av nyckelparametrar på energiförbrukningen med hänsyn till en lämplig radio frequency energy harvesting (RF-EH) för “zero” energienheter. I examensarbetet föreslås designöverväganden för ett nytt lågströmskommunikationsprotokoll för “zero” energienheter. Resultaten visade att adaptive data rate (ADR) har en stor betydelse för energibesparingar. Med lämpliga överföringsparametrar inställda kan energiförlusterna för omsändningar och kollisioner minskas. Det är också möjligt att införa en schemaläggningsalgoritm för kommunikationsprocessen för förbättrad kollisionsundvikande. De föreslagna designövervägandena kan tillämpas i framtida arbeten för att förbättra kortdistanskommunikationsprotokollet för “zero” energienheter. / Low power communication protocols such as 6LoWPAN have been widely used on applications that require less energy consumption for short-range wireless communication, for example, Internet of Thing (IoT) devices. As the amount of these devices escalates, it becomes increasingly important to consider ambient energy harvesting (EH) as an energy source to power such devices. This induces a need to reconsider the design of an energy-efficient data transfer protocol that enables the sensors and actuators to utilize the harvested energy for computing and communication. As the harvested energy from an energy source is limited and it takes time for a device to accumulate enough energy for data processing and communication, there is a need to investigate the energy budget and determine the critical parameters that affect the energy consumption for wireless communication. An energy consumption analysis was performed by adapting a Python model, and simulations were carried out to help understand the impact of key parameters on energy consumption while considering a suitable range for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting “zero” energy devices. The thesis project aims to propose the design considerations of a new low-power communication protocol for “zero” energy devices. The results showed that adaptive data rate (ADR) has a major contribution to energy saving. With suitable transmitting parameters set, the energy waste of retransmissions and collisions could be reduced. It is also possible to introduce a scheduling algorithm to the communication process for improved collision avoidance. The proposed design considerations can be applied in future work to improve the shortrange communication protocol for zero-energy devices.

Robotic soccer is a game like a real soccer but here the game is played by robots. The rules are the same, only there are few exceptions (foul, penalty kick, stalemate situation). Game is running without the human intervention. Just a human referee is supervising the game. Two teams are attending the game. Each of them has a control computer. The control computer is the brain of the game. It has a camera, it is making decisions for the next step of robots and sending them configuration data. The thesis deals with testing of communication interface and designs the new communication protocol for the next generation of the robots. The testing is provided by pocket pc Palm TX. It will send data over the Bluetooth interface to the control pc and will configure particular constants, like constants of PID regulator and an address of a robot. This will be provided by the IrDA interface.

This master's thesis deals use FITkit for longtime temperature monitoring without necessity connection on PC. Describe possibilities connection different heat-sensitive elements to FITkit inclusive physical realization. Further this thesis deals with measuring of temperature, displaying temperature and saving to memory, blocks-partitioning of memory. Is defined communication protocol between FITkit and PC for bulk downloading of data. So are solving problems with saving measure data to text files and next processing in table processors.