As recentes tecnologias de desenvolvimento e distribuição de componentes possibilitaram o aumento do número de componentes disponíveis no mercado. No entanto, eles muitas vezes estão dispersos e não publicados adequadamente para a comunidade de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de software. Encontrar componentes apropriados para solucionar um problema particular não é uma tarefa simples e novas técnicas devem ser desenvolvidas para o reuso efetivo de componentes. Um dos maiores desafios em reusar componentes consiste em classificá-los corretamente para futuras consultas. Classificar componentes para possibilitar uma busca eficaz depende da qualidade das informações adquiridas, que viabilizam melhor precisão e cobertura das consultas ao encontrar componentes reutilizáveis em potencial. Ao mesmo tempo, mecanismos de classificação e busca devem ser fáceis o suficiente para convencer os desenvolvedores a reusar componentes. Este trabalho estuda as técnicas de classificação de componentes de software, repositórios e métodos de busca. é apresentada uma proposta de modelo de classificação de componentes que considera não apenas sua função, mas o negócio onde ele está inserido e seus atributos de qualidade. Um método de preenchimento semi-automático das informações é proposto, de modo a diminuir os custos de classificação. O protótipo REUSE+ foi construído para exemplificar o uso do modelo e do método de classificação semi-automática, de forma a validar a proposta, destacando, por fim, as principais contribuições do trabalho. / The recent developments on components technologies have increased the number of components available to the market. These components are, however, distributed overall the world and not properly advertised to the research and development communities. Finding the appropriate components to solve a particular problem is not very straightforward and new techniques must be developed to effectively reuse components. One of the great challenges in reusing components is concerned with how to actually classify components \"properly\" in order to further retrieve them. Classifying components for effective retrieval depends on acquiring the appropriate information in classification to improve the precision and recall rates in retrieval; finding only the potentially reusable components and not missing potential solutions. At the same time, the classification and retrieval mechanisms must be easy enough to persuade developers to reuse components. This work studies the classification techniques of software components, repository and retrieval methods. Hereafter is presented a proposal of components classification model that considers not just its function, but business and quality attributes. It is proposed a semi-automatic classification mechanism of software information, allowing a cheaper classification. REUSE+ prototype was built to exemplify the use of model and method of semi-automatic classification, allowing the described proposal validation, highlighting at the end the mainly contributions of the work.

O presente trabalho enfocou o isolamento, a análise da atividade biológica e a caracterização dos componentes majoritários do Photogem® através de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE), espectroscopia eletrônica na região do ultravioleta-visível (UV-Vis) e espectrometria de massa. O Photogem® é um derivado de hematoporfirina usado como fotossensibilizador em Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD). O derivado de hematoporfirina é composto por uma mistura de monômeros, dímeros e oligômeros mas as estruturas químicas destes componentes ainda não estão bem caracterizadas. Empregou-se extração em fase sólida para limpeza e fracionamento dos componentes do Photogem®. As três frações principais foram separadas de acordo com suas respectivas polaridades. Em seguida, testes preliminares de atividade biológica foram desenvolvidos com as respectivas frações do Photogem® em células tumorais (HEp-2) e normais (VERO). A fração 2 apresentou citotoxicidade cinco vezes maior do que o Photogem® tanto nas células tumorais quanto nas células normais. Os componentes majoritários do Photogem® foram isolados por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e analisados por espectroscopia eletrônica na região do ultravioleta-visível (UV-Vis) e por espectrometria de massa. O componente que corresponde à fração 1 pode ser atribuído à hematoporfirina IX em função do seu espectro de absorção eletrônica (banda de Soret em 396nm e bandas Q em 497, 531, 568 e 619nm), seu coeficiente de absortividade molar ((1,30±0,07)x105 cm-1 mol-1 L) e seu espectro de massa (íon pseudomolecular em m/Z 599Da). É importante mencionar que este trabalho proporcionou a elaboração de um procedimento acessível à maioria dos laboratórios brasileiros no que se refere a purificação, separação, isolamento e caracterização das frações constituintes do Photogem®, sendo uma contribuição relevante para o avanço da TFD no Brasil. As etapas da metodologia completa são comentadas e discutidas em detalhes. / The present work focused the isolation, the biological activity analysis and the characterization of the major components of Photogem® through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), UV-Vis electronic absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and mass spectrometry. Photogem® is a hematoporphyrin derivative used as photosensitizer in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). The hematoporphyrin derivative is composed by a mixture of monomers, dimers and oligomers but the chemical structures of these components are not well-characterized yet. It was employed solid phase extraction to clean-up and fractionation of the Photogem® components. Three principal fractions was separated as function of their respective polarities. Subsequently, initial biological tests were developed with the respective Photogem® fractions in tumoral (Hep-2) and normal (VERO) cells. Fraction 2 presented citotoxicity approximately 5-fold higher than Photogem® as in tumoral as in normal cells. The major components of Photogem® were isolated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and analyzed by UV-Vis electronic absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and mass spectrometry. The component that corresponds to fraction 1 can be assigned to hematoporphyrin IX as function of its electronic absorption spectrum (Soret band in 396nm and Q bands in 497, 531, 568 and 619nm), its molar absortivity coefficient ((1,30?0,07)x105 cm-1 mol- 1 L) and its mass spectrum (pseudomolecular ion in m/z 599Da). It is important to mention that this work provided the elaboration of an accessible procedure to the most of the brazilian laboratories regarding purification, separation, isolation and characterization of the constituent fractions of Photogem®, being a relevant contribution to the advancement of PDT in Brazil. The steps of the complete methodology are commented and discussed in details.

Orientador: Roberto Carlos Burini / Banca: Luis Carlos Giarola / Banca: Wilson Luvizotto Medina / Resumo: Verificar quais os principais fatores associados com os maiores valores de uricemia, analisando a dieta, composição corporal e marcadores bioquímicos. Foram estudados 1075 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 21 e 82 anos, participantes de projeto de mudança de estilo de vida. Ácido úrico, glicose, triglicerídios, colesterol total, uréia, creatinina, gama-GT, albumina e cálcio e HDL-c foram quantificados no soro pelo método de química seca. LDL-c foi calculado pela fórmula de Friedewald. Glóbulos brancos, linfócitos e leucócitos foram quantificados por automação. Proteína C-reativa ultra-sensível (PCR-US) pelo método de imunoquimioluminecência. A avaliação antropométrica foi composta pelas medidas de peso e estatura, com posterior cálculo do IMC. Também mediu-se a circunferência abdominal. Massa muscular e % de gordura pela bioimpedância. A ingestão dietética foi realizada através do recordatório de 24 horas, com posterior cálculo das porções da pirâmide e IAS adaptado. Os testes foram realizados utilizando o programa SAS versão 9.1 e o STATISTICA 6.0 e descritos em média + DP. Foi realizado o teste de ANOVA one-way. A nomalidade da amostra foi avaliada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Correlação de Pearson simples e parcial. Regressão linear (odds ratio), com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%, para observar a razão de chance de apresentar o AU acima do útimo quartil (♂AU > 6,5mg/dL e ♀ AU > 5mg/dL). Análise de regressão múltipla "backward stepwise" para determinação dos principais componentes responsáveis pelo aumento do AU.Os resultados foram discutidos com base no nível de significância de p<0,05. IMC e CA correlacionaram-se positivamente e IMM negativamente com as concentrações de AU ajustadas por sexo, idade e antropometria. Dos componentes dietéticos, apenas % de lipídio polinsaturado apresentou correlação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: To evaluate the main dietetic, anthropometric and blood chemistry factors associated with the highest uricemia quartile. One thousand and seventy-five male and female individuals were studied. They were 21 to 82 years old and clinically selected to participated in the lifestyle-change program. Uric acid (UA), glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, urea, creatinine, gamma-Gt, albumin, calcium and HDL-c were quantified in serum by the dry chemistry method. LDL-c was calculated by the Friedewald's formula. White cells, lymphocytes and leukocytes were quantified by automation. Ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (US-CRP) was measured by the immunochemiluminescence method. Anthropometric evaluation consisted of weight and height measurements, which was followed by estimation of the body mass index (BMI). Waist circumference (WC) was also measured. Muscle mass (MM) and fat percentages were estimated by bioimpedance. Dietary intake was evaluated by a 24-hour food recall, and the pyramid servings and the adapted health eating index (HEI) were then calculated. Tests were performed by using the SAS software, version 9.1, and STATISTICA and described by mean + SD. The one-way ANOVA test was also carried out. The sample's normality was evaluated by the Shapiro-Wilk's test, and simple and partial Pearson's correlation was also used. Linear regression (odds ratio) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% was utilized to observe the odds ratio for presenting UA in the last quartile (♂UA > 6.5mg/dL and ♀UA > 5mg/dL). Backward stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the main components responsible for UA increase. Results were discussed based on the level of significance of p<0.05. BMI and WC were positively correlated and the muscle mass index (MMI) was negatively correlated with UA concentrations adjusted for gender, age and anthropometry. Of the dietary components... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A construÃÃo de novas aplicaÃÃes voltadas à ComputaÃÃo de Alto Desempenho (CAD) tÃm exigido ferramentas que conciliem um alto poder de abstraÃÃo e integraÃÃo de software. Dentre as soluÃÃes apresentadas pela comunidade cientÃfica estamos particularmente interessados naquelas baseadas em tecnologia de componentes. Os componentes tÃm sido usados para abordar novos requisitos de aplicaÃÃes de alto desempenho, entre as quais destacamos: interoperabilidade, reusabilidade, manutenibilidade e produtividade. As abordagens das aplicaÃÃes atuais baseadas em tecnologia de componentes, no entanto, nÃo conseguem abstrair formas mais gerais de paralelismo de maneira eficiente, tornando ainda o processo de desenvolvimento difÃcil, principalmente se o usuÃrio for leigo no conhecimento das peculiaridades de arquiteturas de computaÃÃo paralela. Um tempo precioso, o qual deveria ser utilizado para a soluÃÃo do problema, à perdido na implementaÃÃo eficiente do cÃdigo de paralelizaÃÃo. Diante desse contexto, esta dissertaÃÃo apresenta o HPE (Hash Programming Environment), uma soluÃÃo baseada no modelo # de componentes paralelos e na arquitetura Hash. O HPE define um conjunto de espÃcies de componentes responsÃveis pela construÃÃo, implantaÃÃo e execuÃÃo de programas paralelos sobre clusters de multiprocessadores. A arquitetura Hash à constituÃda de trÃs mÃdulos distintos: o Front-End, o Back-End e o Core. A contribuiÃÃo principal deste trabalho reside na implementaÃÃo de um Back-End, como uma plataforma de componentes paralelos que estende o Mono, plataforma de componentes de cÃdigo aberto baseado no padrÃo CLI (Common Language Interface). Feito isso, unimos o back-End Ãs implementaÃÃes jà existentes do Front-End e do Core, ambos em java e sobre a plataforma de desenvolvimento Eclipse, atravÃs de serviÃos web (web service). Ao final, apresentaremos um pequeno teste de conceito, construÃdo por um programa paralelo construÃdo a partir de componentes #, segundo as premissas e conceitos apresentados neste trabalho. / The development of new High Performance Computing (HPC) application has demanded a set of tools for reconciling high level of a abstraction with software integration. In particular, we are interested in component-based solutions presented by the scientific community in the last years. Components have been applied to meet new requirements of high performance application such as: interoperability, reusability, maintainability and productivity. Recent approaches for component based development time in HPC context, however, have not reconciled more expressive ways for parallel programming and efficiency. Unfortunately, this issue increases the software development time and gets worse when user have poor knowledge of architectural details of parallel computers and of requirements of applications. Precious time is lost optimizing parallel code, probably with non-portable results, instead of being applied to the solutions of the problem. This dissertation presents the Hash Programming Environment (HPE), a solution based on the # (reads "Hash") Component Model and on the Hash Framework Architecture. HPE defines a set of component kinds for building, deploying and executing parallel programs targeted at clusters of multiprocessors. The Hash Framework Architecture has three loosely coupled modules: the Front-End, the Back-End and the Core. The main contribution of this work is the implementation of the Back-End and the Core. The main contribution of this work is the implementation of the Back-End, since we have an early version of the Front-End and Core, both developed in Java on top of the Eclipse Platform. The Back-End was implemented as a parallel extension of a Mono, an open source component platform based on CLI (Common Language Interface) standard. Once independently done, we bound all the modules together, using web services technology. For evaluating the proposed Back-End, we have developed a small conceptual test application, composed by # components.

Hoje, diante das contínuas mudanças e do mercado competitivo, as empresas e organizações têm sempre a necessidade de adaptar suas práticas de negócios para atender às diferentes exigências de seus clientes e manter-se em vantagem com relação às suas concorrentes. Para ajudá-las a atingir esta meta, uma proposta promissora é o Desenvolvimento Baseado em Componentes (DBC), cuja ideia básica é a de que um novo software possa ser construído rapidamente a partir de componentes pré-existentes. Entretanto, a montagem de sistemas corporativos mais confiáveis e tolerantes a falhas a partir da integração de componentes tem-se mostrado uma tarefa relativamente complexa. E a necessidade de garantir que tal integração não falhe tornou-se algo imprescindível, sobretudo porque as consequências de uma falha podem ser extremamente graves. Para que haja uma certa garantia de que o software seja tolerante a falhas, devem ser realizadas atividades de testes e verificação formal de programas. Isto porque ambas, em conjunto, procuram garantir ao desenvolvedor que o sistema resultante da integração é, de fato, confiável. Mas a viabilidade prática de execução destas atividades depende de ferramentas que auxiliem sua realização, uma vez que a execução de ambas constitui um alto custo para o desenvolvimento do software. Tendo em vista esta necessidade de facilitar a realização de testes e verificação nos sistemas baseados em componentes (DBC), este trabalho de Mestrado se propõe a desenvolver um ambiente integrado para a verificação e teste de protocolos para a coordenação do comportamento excepcional de componentes. / Nowadays, because of continuous changes and the competitive market, companies and organizations have the necessity to adapt their business practices in order to satisfy the different requirements of their customers and then, keep themselves in advantage among their competitors. To help them to reach this aim, a promising purpose is the Component-Based Development (CBD), whose basic idea is that a new software can be built in a fast way from preexisting components. However, mounting more reliable and fault-tolerant corporative systems from components integration is a relatively complex task. And the need to assure that such integration does not fail becomes something essential, especially because the consequences of a failure can be extremely serious. To have a certain guarantee that the software will be fault-tolerant, testing activities and formal verification of programs should be done. This is because both, together, try to assure to developer that the resulting system of the integration is, in fact, reliable. But the practical feasibility of executing these activities depends on tools which support it, once both executions have a high cost to software development. Having the necessity to make test and verification easier in systems based in components (CBD), this work has, as main objective, the development of an integrated environment for verification and test of protocols to the coordination of components exceptional behaviour.

Com o objetivo de determinar a influência dos sistemas de produção e de alimentação sobre as características do leite, dados coletados de produtores de leite do sul do Brasil e de experimentos sobre níveis de restrição alimentar e de atendimento das exigências energéticas de vacas em lactação foram submetidos à análise de fatores principais, de correlação e médias canônicas, agrupamento e comparação de médias dos grupos. Os atributos estudados comuns em todos os sistemas foram produção leiteira diária, componentes lácteos, estabilidade do leite, peso corporal e escore de condição corporal. Na análise dos sistemas de produção, três grupos de produtores foram formados pela análise de agrupamento, com características de sistemas especializados, semi-especializados e não especializados em ambas as regiões avaliadas. Grupos de produtores especializados produziam leite em conformidade com as especificações da Instrução Normativa Nº 62. Enquanto que para os produtores da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, as estratégias de alimentação foram determinantes para distinção entre os grupos de produtores, no extremo oeste de Santa Catarina a estrutura das propriedades foi mais determinante. Níveis de restrição severos (40 e 50%) alteraram significativamente a produção leiteira diária, os teores de proteína e lactose e a estabilidade do leite. O atendimento das exigências energéticas para vacas em lactação possui uma relação direta com a produção diária de leite, com o teor da lactose e com a estabilidade do leite. A produção leiteira, os componentes lácteos e a estabilidade do leite diferenciam-se entre os sistemas de produção e alimentação. / Aiming to determine the influence of production and feeding systems on milk characteristics, data collected from dairy producers in southern Brazil and experiments on levels of feed restriction and attendance of the energy requirements of lactating cows were subjected to principal factor, correlation and means canonical, cluster analysis and comparison of means between groups. The variables common to all systems were daily milk production, milk components contents, ethanol stability, body weight and body condition score. In the analysis of production systems, three producers groups were formed by cluster analysis, with characteristics of specialized, semi-specialized and unspecialized systems in both regions evaluated. Groups of specialized dairy farmers produced milk in accordance with Normative Instruction Nº 62. While for the producers in southern Rio Grande do Sul, the feeding strategies were crucial to distinguish groups, at the far west of Santa Catarina structure of the properties was more important. Severe feed restriction levels (40 and 50%) altered significantly the daily milk yield, protein and lactose contents and ethanol stability. Attendance of the energy requirements for lactating cows showed a direct relationship with the daily milk production, content of lactose and milk stability. Milk production, milk components and milk stability are different between production and feeding systems.

Chan, Chi Fat. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.2 / 摘要 --- p.5 / Acknowledgement --- p.7 / Table of Contents --- p.9 / List of Figures --- p.11 / List of Tables --- p.14 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2. --- Research Objectives --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3. --- Thesis Organization --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4. --- References --- p.19 / Chapter 2. --- Overview of Passive UHF RFID Transponders --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1. --- Types of RFID Transponders and Design Challenges of Passive RFID Transponder --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2. --- Selection of Carrier Frequency --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3. --- Description of Transponder Construction --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Power-Generating Circuits --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Base Band Processor --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Signal Front-End --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4. --- Summary --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5. --- References --- p.31 / Chapter 3. --- ASK Demodulator for EPC C-l G-2 Transponder --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1. --- ASK Demodulator Design Considerations --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Recovered Envelope Distortion --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Input Power Level Considerations --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.3. --- Input RF power Intercepted by ASK Demodulator --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2. --- ASK Demodulator Design From [3-4] --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Envelope Waveform Recovery Design --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.1.1. --- Voltage Multiplier Branch for Generating Venv --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.1.2. --- Voltage Multiplier Branch for Generating Vref --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Design Considerations for Sensitivity of ASK Demodulator --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- RF Input Power Sharing with Voltage Multiplier --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.4. --- ASK Demodulator and Voltage Multiplier Integrated Estimations for Maximum RF Power Input --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.5. --- Measurement result and Discussion --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3. --- Proposed Envelope Detector Circuit --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Sensitivity Estimation --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Maximum Tolerable Input Power Estimation --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Envelope Waveform Recovery of the Proposed Envelope Detector --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4. --- Summary --- p.57 / Chapter 3.5. --- References --- p.58 / Chapter 4. --- Clock Generator for EPC C-l G-2 Transponder --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1. --- Design Challenges Overview of Clock Generator --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2. --- Brief Review of PIE Symbols in EPC C1G2 Standard --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3. --- Proposed Clock Recovery Circuit Based on PIE Symbols for Clock Frequency Calibration --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Illustration on PIE Symbols for Clock Frequency Calibration --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Symbol time-length counter --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3.3. --- The M2.56MHZ Reference Generator and Sampling Frequency Requirement --- p.75 / Chapter 4.3.4. --- Symbol Length Reconfiguration for Different Tari and FLL Stability --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.5. --- Frequency Detector and Loop Filter --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3.6. --- Proposed DCO Design --- p.84 / Chapter 4.3.7. --- Measurement Results and Discussions --- p.88 / Chapter 4.3.7.1. --- Frequency Calibration Measurement Results --- p.89 / Chapter 4.3.7.2. --- Number x and Tari Variation --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3.7.3. --- Temperature and Supply Variation --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3.7.4. --- Transient Supply Variation --- p.94 / Chapter 4.3.8. --- Works Comparison --- p.95 / Chapter 4.4. --- Clock Generator with Embedded PIE Decoder --- p.96 / Chapter 4.4.1. --- Clock Generator for Transponder Review --- p.96 / Chapter 4.4.2. --- PIE Decoder Review --- p.97 / Chapter 4.4.3. --- Proposed Clock Generator with Embedded PIE Decoder --- p.97 / Chapter 4.4.4. --- Measurement Results and Discussions --- p.100 / Chapter 4.5. --- Summary --- p.103 / Chapter 4.6. --- References --- p.105 / Chapter 5. --- ASK Modulator --- p.107 / Chapter 5.1. --- Introduction to ASK Modulator in RFD Transponder --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2. --- ASK Modulator Design --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3. --- ASK Modulator Measurement --- p.110 / Chapter 5.4. --- Summary --- p.113 / Chapter 5.5. --- References --- p.113 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusions --- p.114 / Chapter 6.1. --- Contribution --- p.114 / Chapter 6.2. --- Future Development --- p.116

The concern about the environment has required that the effects of drilling fluids (muds) on surrounding areas be known. This study was initiated to investigate the effects of various muds on plant growth and on soils. In preliminary studies in Phase I (31 individual mud components), it was concluded that the obvious dominant effects on plant growth of detrimental drilling fluid components included excess soluble salts, excess exchangeable sodium percentage, possibly a high pH in some mixtures, and undesirable physical conditions. The latter resulted from the sodium and/or starch, gums, and bentonite. Phase II, the second year's study of the effect of drilling fluid on six soils and on the plant growth (which is this report) was designed to use seven typical drilling fluids at ratios of 1:4 (called the low rate), and 1:1 (called the high rate) by volume of liquid mud to disturbed and settled soils using green beans and sweet corn as the test plants. The seven mud mixtures were potassium chloride mud (PCM), diesel oil emulsion mud (DOEM), high pH lime mud (HPLM), lignite lignosulfonate sodium mud (LLSM), lignite lignosulfonate potassium mud (LLPM), dichromate mud (DTM), and a mud base (MB). Each mud contained bentonite and barite plus sodium or potassium hydroxide plus a few other substances. Too much soluble salts or too high an exchangeable sodium percentage was the major cause of reduced plant growth. The dispersing problem of mud-treated soils caused by high exchangeable sodium percentages results from the high sodium hydroxide contents added to the muds. Early attempts at leaching the soils with tap water were unsuccessful because of low permeability. Releaching all samples finally with salty water, first with 1 percent Ca(NO3)2, and later with 0.2 percent Ca(NO3)2, and finally with tap water was effective and plant growth improved in all mud mixtures. In unleached treatments the muds PCM, DOEM, and DTM were most limiting to plants growth. Reclamation of soils into which drilling fluids (muds) are mixed seems to require primarily (1) the removal of excess salts, and (2) a lowering of the content of exchangeable sodium with some additions of chemical amendments (calcium salts) and adequate leaching.

Safe drinking water is paramount to a healthy society. Close to a hundred contaminants are regulated by the government. Utilities are using chloramines to disinfect water to reduce harmful byproducts that may present themselves with the use of chlorine alone. Using chlorine and ammonia to disinfect, ammonia oxidizing bacteria can present themselves in an unsuspecting utilities distribution network. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection